Best way to store date/time in mongodb

I've seen using strings, integer timestamps and mongo datetime objects.

The best way is to store native JavaScript Date objects, which map onto BSON native Date objects.

> db.test.insert({date: ISODate()})
> db.test.insert({date: new Date()})
> db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("..."), "date" : ISODate("2014-02-10T10:50:42.389Z") }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("..."), "date" : ISODate("2014-02-10T10:50:57.240Z") }

The native type supports a whole range of useful methods out of the box, which you can use in your map-reduce jobs, for example.

If you need to, you can easily convert Date objects to and from Unix timestamps¹⁾, using the getTime() method and Date(milliseconds) constructor, respectively.

¹⁾ Strictly speaking, the Unix timestamp is measured in seconds. The JavaScript Date object measures in milliseconds since the Unix epoch.

One datestamp is already in the _id object, representing insert time

So if the insert time is what you need, it's already there:

Login to mongodb shell

ubuntu@ip-10-0-1-223:~$ mongo 10.0.1.223
MongoDB shell version: 2.4.9
connecting to: 10.0.1.223/test

Create your database by inserting items

> db.penguins.insert({"penguin": "skipper"})
> db.penguins.insert({"penguin": "kowalski"})
> 

Lets make that database the one we are on now

> use penguins
switched to db penguins

Get the rows back:

> db.penguins.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5498da1bf83a61f58ef6c6d5"), "penguin" : "skipper" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5498da28f83a61f58ef6c6d6"), "penguin" : "kowalski" }

Get each row in yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss format:

> db.penguins.find().forEach(function (doc){ d = doc._id.getTimestamp(); print(d.getFullYear()+"-"+(d.getMonth()+1)+"-"+d.getDate() + " " + d.getHours() + ":" + d.getMinutes() + ":" + d.getSeconds()) })
2014-12-23 3:4:41
2014-12-23 3:4:53

If that last one-liner confuses you I have a walkthrough on how that works here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/27613766/445131

I figured when you use pymongo, MongoDB will store the native Python datetime object as a Date field. This Date field in MongoDB could facilitate date-related queries later (e.g. querying intervals). Therefore, a code like this would work in Python

from datetime import datetime

datetime_now = datetime.utcnow()
new_doc = db.content.insert_one({"updated": datetime_now})

After this, I can see in my database a field like the following (I am using Mongo Compass to view my db). Note how it is not stored as a string (no quotation) and it shows Date as the field type.

Regarding javascript usage, this should also work there. As long as you have the +00:00 (UTC in my case) or Z at the end of your date, Javascript should be able to read the date properly with timezone information.

Use the code below to create a datetime variable that can be assigned in a document (Note that I'm creating a datetime object, not a date object):

from datetime import date
from datetime import datetime
import random

def random(date):
    my_year=random.randint(2020,2022)
    my_month=random.randint(1,12)
    my_day=random.randint(1,28)

    selected=datetime(year = my_year, month = my_month, day = my_day, hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)


def insert_objects(collection):

      collection.insert_one( { "mydate": random_date() })