@Autowired - No qualifying bean of type found for dependency
JavaSpringSpring MvcAnnotationsAutowiredJava Problem Overview
I've started my project by creating entities, services and JUnit tests for services using Spring and Hibernate. All of this works great.
Then I've added spring-mvc to make this web application using many different step-by-step tutorials, but when I'm trying to make Controller with @Autowired
annotation, I'm getting errors from Glassfish during deployment. I guess that for some reason Spring doesn't see my services, but after many attempts I still can't handle it.
Tests for services with
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:/beans.xml"})
and
@Autowired
MailManager mailManager;
works properly.
Controllers without @Autowired
too, I can open my project in web browser without trouble.
/src/main/resources/beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-3.0.xsd
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/orm http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/orm_2_0.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="jdbc.properties" />
<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail">
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!--<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service" />-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
</bean>
<!-- Persistance Unit Manager for persistance options managing -->
<bean id="persistenceUnitManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.persistenceunit.DefaultPersistenceUnitManager">
<property name="defaultDataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<!-- Entity Manager Factory for creating/updating DB schema based on persistence files and entity classes -->
<bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
<property name="persistenceUnitManager" ref="persistenceUnitManager"/>
<property name="persistenceUnitName" value="WebMailPU"/>
</bean>
<!-- Hibernate Session Factory -->
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<!--<property name="schemaUpdate" value="true" />-->
<property name="packagesToScan" value="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.domain" />
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<!-- Hibernate Transaction Manager -->
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"/>
</bean>
<!-- Activates annotation based transaction management -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
</beans>
/webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>Spring Web MVC Application</display-name>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
</web-app>
/webapp/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
</beans>
pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.AbstractManager
package pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
/**
* Master Manager class providing basic fields for services.
* @author Maciej Radzikowski <maciej@radzikowski.com.pl>
*/
public class AbstractManager {
@Autowired
protected SessionFactory sessionFactory;
protected final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass());
}
pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager
package pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Component
@Transactional
public class MailManager extends AbstractManager {
// some methods...
}
pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.HomeController
package pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.controller;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/")
public class HomeController {
@Autowired
public MailManager mailManager;
@RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String homepage(ModelMap model) {
return "homepage";
}
}
Error:
> SEVERE: Exception while loading the app
> SEVERE: Undeployment failed for context /WebMail
> SEVERE: Exception while loading the app : java.lang.IllegalStateException: ContainerBase.addChild: start: org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'homeController': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.controller.HomeController.mailManager; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type [pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.MailManager] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
Sorry for a lot of code, but I don't know what can cause that error anymore.
Added
I've created the interface:
@Component
public interface IMailManager {
added implements:
@Component
@Transactional
public class MailManager extends AbstractManager implements IMailManager {
and changed autowired:
@Autowired
public IMailManager mailManager;
But it still throws errors (also when I've tried with @Qualifier
)
> ..Could not autowire field: public > pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.service.IMailManager > pl.com.radzikowski.webmail.controller.HomeController.mailManager...
I've tried with different combinations of @Component
and @Transactional
too.
Shouldn't I include beans.xml in web.xml somehow?
Java Solutions
Solution 1 - Java
You should autowire interface AbstractManager
instead of class MailManager
. If you have different implemetations of AbstractManager
you can write @Component("mailService")
and then @Autowired @Qualifier("mailService")
combination to autowire specific class.
This is due to the fact that Spring creates and uses proxy objects based on the interfaces.
Solution 2 - Java
I had this happen because my tests were not in the same package as my components. (I had renamed my component package, but not my test package.) And I was using @ComponentScan
in my test @Configuration
class, so my tests weren't finding the components on which they relied.
So, double check that if you get this error.
Solution 3 - Java
The thing is that both the application context and the web application context are registered in the WebApplicationContext during server startup. When you run the test you must explicitly tell which contexts to load.
Try this:
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:/beans.xml", "/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml"})
Solution 4 - Java
This may help you:
I have the same exception in my project. After searching while I found that I am missing the @Service
annotation to the class where I am implementing the interface which I want to @Autowired
.
In your code you can add the @Service
annotation to MailManager
class.
@Transactional
@Service
public class MailManager extends AbstractManager implements IMailManager {
Solution 5 - Java
I was facing the same issue while auto-wiring the class from one of my jar file. I fixed the issue by using @Lazy annotation:
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Lazy;
@Autowired
@Lazy
private IGalaxyCommand iGalaxyCommand;
Solution 6 - Java
Spent much of my time with this! My bad! Later found that the class on which I declared the annotation Service
or Component
was of type abstract. Had enabled debug logs on Springframework but no hint was received. Please check if the class if of abstract type. If then, the basic rule applied, can't instantiate an abstract class.
Solution 7 - Java
Can you try annotating only your concrete implementation with @Component
? Maybe the following answer could help. It is kind of a similar problem. I usually put Spring annotations in the implementation classes.
Solution 8 - Java
Correct way shall be to autowire AbstractManager, as Max suggested, but this should work fine as well.
@Autowired
@Qualifier(value="mailService")
public MailManager mailManager;
and
@Component("mailService")
@Transactional
public class MailManager extends AbstractManager {
}
Solution 9 - Java
I ran in to this recently, and as it turned out, I've imported the wrong annotation in my service class. Netbeans has an option to hide import statements, that's why I did not see it for some time.
I've used @org.jvnet.hk2.annotations.Service
instead of @org.springframework.stereotype.Service
.
Solution 10 - Java
Faced the same issue in my spring boot application even though I had my package specific scans enabled like
@SpringBootApplication(scanBasePackages={"com.*"})
But, the issue was resolved by providing @ComponentScan({"com.*"})
in my Application class.
Solution 11 - Java
My guess is that here
<context:component-scan base-package="pl.com.radzikowski.webmail" use-default-filters="false">
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
all annotations are first disabled by use-default-filters="false"
and then only @Controller
annotation enabled. Thus, your @Component
annotation is not enabled.
Solution 12 - Java
- One reason BeanB may not exist in the context
- Another cause for the exception is the existence of two bean
- Or definitions in the context bean that isn’t defined is requested by name from the Spring context
see more this url:
http://www.baeldung.com/spring-nosuchbeandefinitionexception
Solution 13 - Java
<context:component-scan base-package="com.*" />
same issue arrived , i solved it by keeping the annotations intact and in dispatcher servlet :: keeping the base package scan as com.*.
this worked for me.
Solution 14 - Java
Instead of @Autowire MailManager mailManager, you can mock the bean as given below:
import org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockBean;
::
::
@MockBean MailManager mailManager;
Also, you can configure @MockBean MailManager mailManager;
separately in the @SpringBootConfiguration
class and initialize like below:
@Autowire MailManager mailManager
Solution 15 - Java
The solution that worked for me was to add all the relevant classes to the @ContextConfiguration
annotation for the testing class.
The class to test, MyClass.java
, had two autowired components: AutowireA
and AutowireB
. Here is my fix.
@ContextConfiguration(classes = {MyClass.class, AutowireA.class, AutowireB.class})
public class MyClassTest {
...
}
Solution 16 - Java
If you are testing your controller. Don't forget to use @WebAppConfiguration on your test class.
Solution 17 - Java
I had this happen because I added an autowired dependency to my service class but forgot to add it to the injected mocks in my service unit test.
The unit test exception appeared to report a problem in the service class when the problem was actually in the unit test. In retrospect, the error message told me exactly what the problem was.
Solution 18 - Java
I had faced the same problem, Issue SOlved using below steps:
- Check the class/Interface that you are auto wiring
- For Interface Business logic we should use
@service
when it extends the Interface method. - For Dao that is a Database handling class we should use
@Repository
.
→ We can use @Service
, @Repository
and @Component
annotation effectively and solve this issue very fast.
Solution 19 - Java
if you are testing the DAO layer you must use @Autowire
annotation like this:
@Autowired
private FournisseurDao fournisseurDao;
Don't inject a repository element in the constructor
Solution 20 - Java
I've reproduced similar issue in multi-module project w/ No qualifying bean of type
like:
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.stockclient.repository.StockPriceRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
and the reason for this error was missing annotation @EnableJpaRepositories
in my specific use case.
To clarify: this annotation needs to be added for enabling auto configuration support for Spring Data JPA
required to know the path of JPA
repositories. By default, it will scan only the main application package and its sub packages for detecting the JPA
repositories.
For more details you can refer, for instance, to this article.