I am a big fan of **Flask** - in part because it is simple and in part because has a lot of [extensions][1].  However, Flask is meant to be used in a WSGI environment, and WSGI is not a non-blocking, so (I believe) it doesn&#39;t scale as well as **Tornado** for certain kinds of applications.

Since each one has an URL dispatcher which will call a function, and both will use Python files (in Django you dont launch the python file but in flask or tornado you do) do does it make sense to  have two seperate parts to your website - one part running the non-blocking jobs with Tornado, and the other part written with Flask?

If this is a good idea, how would you go about sharing cookies / sessions between Flask and Tornado? Will I run into issues, since Flask will use it own system and Tornado will use its own system?


  [1]: http://flask.pocoo.org/extensions/

using Flask and Tornado together?

I got the below error while I was configuring CKAN DataPusher.

&gt; Invalid command &#39;WSGIScriptAlias&#39;, perhaps misspelled or defined by a
&gt; module not included in the server configurationAction &#39;configtest&#39;
&gt; failed.

How can I fix this?

Invalid command &#39;WSGIScriptAlias&#39;, perhaps misspelled or defined by a module not included in the server configurationAction &#39;configtest&#39; failed

I *have* read [the official Flask documentation](http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/blueprints/) on Blueprints and even [one](http://maximebf.com/blog/2012/11/getting-bigger-with-flask/#.U6ttiZSwK7M) or [two](http://charlesleifer.com/blog/dont-sweat-small-stuff-use-flask-blueprints/) blog posts on using them.

I&#39;ve even used them in my web app, but I don&#39;t completely understand what they are or how they fit into my app as a whole. How is it similar to an instance of my app but not quite? The documentation is comprehensive but I seek a layman explanation or an enlightening analogy to spark it for me. I was sufficiently perplexed when a colleague asked me to explain a Flask blueprint to them that I elected to ask here.

What are Flask Blueprints, exactly?

I&#39;m building an app with Flask, but I don&#39;t know much about WSGI and it&#39;s HTTP base, Werkzeug. When I start serving a Flask application with gunicorn and 4 worker processes, does this mean that I can handle 4 concurrent requests?

I do mean concurrent requests, and not requests per second or anything else.

How many concurrent requests does a single Flask process receive?

I have a [Bluehost][1] account where I can run Python scripts as CGI. I guess it&#39;s the simplest CGI, because to run I have to define the following in `.htaccess`:

    Options +ExecCGI
    AddType text/html py
    AddHandler cgi-script .py

Now, whenever I look up web programming with Python, I hear a lot about WSGI and how most frameworks use it. But I just don&#39;t understand how it all fits together, especially when my web server is given (Apache running at a host&#39;s machine) and not something I can really play with (except defining `.htaccess` commands).

How are [WSGI][2], CGI, and the frameworks all connected? What do I need to know, install, and do if I want to run a web framework (say [web.py][3] or [CherryPy][4]) on my basic CGI configuration? How to install WSGI support?

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluehost
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface
  [3]: http://webpy.org/
  [4]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CherryPy


How Python web frameworks, WSGI and CGI fit together

Every time I read either WSGI or CGI I cringe.   I&#39;ve tried reading on it before but nothing really has stuck.

What is it really in plain English?


Does it just pipe requests to a terminal and redirect the output?

What are WSGI and CGI in plain English?

I&#39;m looking at the [WSGI specification][1] and I&#39;m trying to figure out how servers like [uWSGI][2] fit into the picture. I understand the point of the WSGI spec is to separate web servers like nginx from web applications like something you&#39;d write using [Flask][3]. What I don&#39;t understand is what uWSGI is for. Why can&#39;t nginx directly call my Flask application? Can&#39;t flask speak WSGI directly to it? Why does uWSGI need to get in between them?

There are two sides in the WSGI spec: the server and the web app. Which side is uWSGI on?


  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Server_Gateway_Interface
  [2]: https://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.io/en/latest
  [3]: http://flask.pocoo.org

What is the point of uWSGI?

From the [official documentation][1]:

&gt; Werkzeug is a WSGI utility library for Python.

However, when I run my Flask web application, I notice that the response header from the server contains:

    HTTP/1.0 200 OK
    Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
    Content-Length: 13
    Server: Werkzeug/0.11.9 Python/2.7.10
    Date: Tue, 03 May 2016 12:50:08 GMT

On the fourth line the server is mentioning a `Werkzeug`, but what exactly is `Werkzeug`, is it a web server like `Apache`?

[1]: http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/


What exactly is Werkzeug?

Could anyone please explain pros/cons when using [WSGI][1] VS [uWSGI][2] with Nginx.

Currently i am building up a production server for the Django website which i have prepared but unable to decide whether should i go with WSGI or uWSGI. Could you please explain in detail what differentiates each configuration? Which configuration should scale the best?

Thanks in advance


  [1]: http://www.wsgi.org/en/latest/index.html
  [2]: http://projects.unbit.it/uwsgi/wiki

WSGI vs uWSGi with Nginx

It seems easy to get the 

    From
    To
    Subject

etc via

    import email
    b = email.message_from_string(a)
    bbb = b[&#39;from&#39;]
    ccc = b[&#39;to&#39;]

assuming that `&quot;a&quot;` is the raw-email string which looks something like this.


    a = &quot;&quot;&quot;From root@a1.local.tld Thu Jul 25 19:28:59 2013
    Received: from a1.local.tld (localhost [127.0.0.1])
    	by a1.local.tld (8.14.4/8.14.4) with ESMTP id r6Q2SxeQ003866
    	for &lt;ooo@a1.local.tld&gt;; Thu, 25 Jul 2013 19:28:59 -0700
    Received: (from root@localhost)
    	by a1.local.tld (8.14.4/8.14.4/Submit) id r6Q2Sxbh003865;
    	Thu, 25 Jul 2013 19:28:59 -0700
    From: root@a1.local.tld
    Subject: oooooooooooooooo
    To: ooo@a1.local.tld
    Cc: 
    X-Originating-IP: 192.168.15.127
    X-Mailer: Webmin 1.420
    Message-Id: &lt;1374805739.3861@a1&gt;
    Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2013 19:28:59 -0700 (PDT)
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=&quot;bound1374805739&quot;
    
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
    
    --bound1374805739
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
    
    ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    
    --bound1374805739--&quot;&quot;&quot;


**THE QUESTION**

 how do you get the `Body` of this email via python ?

So far this is the only code i am aware of but i have yet to test it.


    if email.is_multipart():
        for part in email.get_payload():
            print part.get_payload()
    else:
        print email.get_payload()

is this the correct way ?

or maybe there is something simpler such as...

    import email
    b = email.message_from_string(a)
    bbb = b[&#39;body&#39;]

?

Python : How to parse the Body from a raw email , given that raw email does not have a &quot;Body&quot; tag or anything

I&#39;m just wondering what the differences and advantages are for the different CGI&#39;s out there. Which one would be best for python scripts, and how would I tell the script what to use?


Differences and uses between WSGI, CGI, FastCGI, and mod_python in regards to Python?

I am using Flask/Jinja2 template to show a number using **|float** filter.

Here is my code

    {% set proc_err = nb_err|length / sum * 100 %}
    ({{proc_err|float}}%)

Output is a bit awkward:

    17/189 (8.99470899471%)

I am looking for a way to make the places after dot limited to a number e.g. 2.

Desired output:

    17/189 (8.99%)

How to use float filter to show just two digits after decimal point?

When I trying to access the admin page it gives me the following error:

    System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
    June 21, 2016 - 15:26:14
    Django version 1.9.7, using settings &#39;librato_chart_sender_web.settings&#39;
    Starting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
    Quit the server with CONTROL-C.
    Internal Server Error: /admin/
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 149, in get_response
        response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 147, in get_response
        response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py&quot;, line 265, in wrapper
        return self.admin_view(view, cacheable)(*args, **kwargs)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/utils/decorators.py&quot;, line 149, in _wrapped_view
        response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/views/decorators/cache.py&quot;, line 57, in _wrapped_view_func
        response = view_func(request, *args, **kwargs)
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py&quot;, line 233, in inner
        if not self.has_permission(request):
      File &quot;/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/django/contrib/admin/sites.py&quot;, line 173, in has_permission
        return request.user.is_active and request.user.is_staff
    AttributeError: &#39;WSGIRequest&#39; object has no attribute &#39;user&#39;
    [21/Jun/2016 15:26:18] &quot;GET /admin/ HTTP/1.1&quot; 500 78473

Im quite new in django ... but I followed this tutorial: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/ref/contrib/admin/

I dont have any custom AdminSites and custom AdminModels.

I already googled about this problem but still I cannot solve it for my case in any way. Can you help ?

here is my `settings.py`:

    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    Django settings for librato_chart_sender_web project.
    
    Generated by &#39;django-admin startproject&#39; using Django 1.11.dev20160523235928.
    
    For more information on this file, see
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/settings/
    
    For the full list of settings and their values, see
    https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/
    &quot;&quot;&quot;
    
    import os
    
    # Build paths inside the project like this: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, ...)
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
    
    
    # Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
    # See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/deployment/checklist/
    
    # SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
    SECRET_KEY = &#39;*1@+=wzrqx^6$9z&amp;@2@d8r(w$js+ktw45lv2skez(=kz+rwff_&#39;
    
    # SECURITY WARNING: don&#39;t run with debug turned on in production!
    DEBUG = True
    
    ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
    
    
    # Application definition
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = [
        &#39;django.contrib.admin&#39;,
        &#39;librato_chart_sender&#39;,
        &#39;fontawesome&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.messages&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.staticfiles&#39;,
    ]
    
    MIDDLEWARE = [
        &#39;django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware&#39;,
    ]
    
    ROOT_URLCONF = &#39;librato_chart_sender_web.urls&#39;
    
    TEMPLATES = [
        {
            &#39;BACKEND&#39;: &#39;django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates&#39;,
            &#39;DIRS&#39;: [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, &#39;librato_chart_sender/templates&#39;)],
            &#39;APP_DIRS&#39;: True,
            &#39;OPTIONS&#39;: {
                &#39;context_processors&#39;: [
                    &#39;django.template.context_processors.debug&#39;,
                    &#39;django.template.context_processors.request&#39;,
                    &#39;django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth&#39;,
                    &#39;django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages&#39;,
                ],
            },
        },
    ]
    
    WSGI_APPLICATION = &#39;librato_chart_sender_web.wsgi.application&#39;
    
    
    # Database
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#databases
    
    DATABASES = {
        &#39;default&#39;: {
            &#39;ENGINE&#39;: &#39;django.db.backends.sqlite3&#39;,
            &#39;NAME&#39;: os.path.join(BASE_DIR, &#39;db.sqlite3&#39;),
        }
    }
    
    
    # Password validation
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators
    
    AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
        {
            &#39;NAME&#39;: &#39;django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator&#39;,
        },
        {
            &#39;NAME&#39;: &#39;django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator&#39;,
        },
        {
            &#39;NAME&#39;: &#39;django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator&#39;,
        },
        {
            &#39;NAME&#39;: &#39;django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator&#39;,
        },
    ]
    
    
    # Internationalization
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/i18n/
    
    LANGUAGE_CODE = &#39;en-us&#39;
    
    TIME_ZONE = &#39;GMT&#39;
    
    USE_I18N = True
    
    USE_L10N = True
    
    USE_TZ = True
    
    
    # Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
    # https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/
    
    STATIC_URL = &#39;/static/&#39;
    STATICFILES_DIRS = [
        (&#39;css&#39;, &#39;librato_chart_sender/static/css&#39;),
        (&#39;js&#39;, &#39;librato_chart_sender/static/js&#39;),
        (&#39;fonts&#39;, &#39;librato_chart_sender/static/fonts&#39;),
    ]


and `admin.py`:

    from django.contrib import admin
    from .models import Configuration
    
    # Register your models here.
    
    admin.site.register(Configuration)

&#39;WSGIRequest&#39; object has no attribute &#39;user&#39; Django admin

I am trying to deploy mod_wsgi with apache to run a django application but I am getting an error 500 internal server error The apache logs shows:


    [Thu Jun 23 14:01:47 2011] [error] [client 152.78.95.64] mod_wsgi (pid=16142): Exception occurred processing WSGI script &#39;/home/user/bms/apache/django.wsgi&#39;.
    [Thu Jun 23 14:01:47 2011] [error] [client 152.78.95.64] Traceback (most recent call last):
    [Thu Jun 23 14:01:47 2011] [error] [client 152.78.95.64]   File &quot;/home/user/bms/apache/django.wsgi&quot;, line 13, in &lt;module&gt;
    [Thu Jun 23 14:01:47 2011] [error] [client 152.78.95.64]     import django.core.handlers.wsgi
    [Thu Jun 23 14:01:47 2011] [error] [client 152.78.95.64] ImportError: No module named django.core.handlers.wsgi

My apache virtual host is as follows:

    &lt;VirtualHost *:80&gt;
    
        DocumentRoot /home/user/bms
    
        &lt;Directory /home/user/bms&gt;
            Order allow,deny
            Allow from all
        &lt;/Directory&gt;
    
    WSGIDaemonProcess bms user=user group=user processes=2 threads=25 python-path=/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages

    
        WSGIProcessGroup bms
    
        WSGIScriptAlias / /home/user/bms/apache/django.wsgi
    
    &lt;/VirtualHost&gt;

And the referenced wsgi file in my app directory with 0777 permissions:

    import os
    import sys
    
    path = &#39;/home/user/bms&#39;
    if path not in sys.path:
        sys.path.append(path)
    
    os.environ[&#39;DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE&#39;] = &#39;bms.settings&#39;
    
    import django.core.handlers.wsgi
    application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()


I heard that this may be because the apache user does not have the correct permissions. However I have no idea how to fix this. I also tried starting the deamon with the www-data user and this did not solve the issue.

**EDIT**:

I solved this by copying the virtual hosts file into the default one and then disabling the old one with a2dissite. I have no idea how I can do it &quot;properly&quot; and set it so apache goes to the virtual host I want it to though.

Target WSGI script cannot be loaded as Python module

I can&#39;t get wsgi to import my settings file for my project &#39;mofin&#39;.

The list of errors from the apache error log are as follows

    mod_wsgi (pid=4001): Exception occurred within WSGI script &#39;/var/www/wsgi-scripts/django.wsgi&#39;.
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/wsgi.py&quot;, line 228, in __call__
        self.load_middleware()
      File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/core/handlers/base.py&quot;, line 31, in load_middleware
        for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
      File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py&quot;, line 28, in __getattr__
        self._import_settings()
      File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py&quot;, line 59, in _import_settings
        self._target = Settings(settings_module)
      File &quot;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py&quot;, line 94, in __init__
        raise ImportError, &quot;Could not import settings &#39;%s&#39; (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): %s&quot; % (self.SETTINGS_MODULE, e)
    ImportError: Could not import settings &#39;mofin.settings&#39; (Is it on sys.path? Does it have syntax errors?): No module named mofin.settings

I got the &quot;hello world!&quot; wsgi app listed here(http://code.google.com/p/modwsgi/wiki/QuickConfigurationGuide) to work fine. 

The settings.py file loads fine with python manage.py (runserver|shell|syncdb|test store)
as does the application.

Here is my wsgi file:

    import os
    import sys
    sys.path.append(&#39;/home/django/mofin/trunk&#39;)
    sys.path.append(&#39;/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin&#39;)
    print &gt;&gt; sys.stderr, sys.path
    os.environ[&#39;DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE&#39;] = &#39;mofin.settings&#39;
    
    import django.core.handlers.wsgi
    application = django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler()
    

the sys.path as printed in the error log is

&gt;[&#39;/usr/lib/python25.zip&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/plat-linux2&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-tk&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0&#39;, &#39;/home/django/mofin/trunk&#39;, &#39;/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin&#39;]

if I open an interactive shell with manage.py, sys.path is

&gt;[&#39;/home/django/mofin/trunk/mofin&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python25.zip&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/plat-linux2&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-tk&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/lib-dynload&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages&#39;, &#39;/usr/lib/python2.5/site-packages/gtk-2.0&#39;]

My django settings file looks like this:
    # Django settings for mofin project.
    
    DEBUG = True
    TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
    
    ADMINS = (
        # (&#39;Dan xxxx&#39;, &#39;xxxx@yyyyyyyyyy.com&#39;),
    )
    
    MANAGERS = ADMINS
    
    DATABASE_ENGINE = &#39;mysql&#39;           # &#39;postgresql_psycopg2&#39;, &#39;postgresql&#39;, &#39;mysql&#39;, &#39;sqlite3&#39; or &#39;oracle&#39;.
    DATABASE_NAME = &#39;mofin&#39;             # Or path to database file if using sqlite3.
    DATABASE_USER = &#39;aaaaaa&#39;             # Not used with sqlite3.
    DATABASE_PASSWORD = &#39;bbbbbb&#39;         # Not used with sqlite3.
    DATABASE_HOST = &#39;&#39;             # Set to empty string for localhost. Not used with sqlite3.
    DATABASE_PORT = &#39;&#39;             # Set to empty string for default. Not used with sqlite3.
    
    # Local time zone for this installation. Choices can be found here:
    # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tz_zones_by_name
    # although not all choices may be available on all operating systems.
    # If running in a Windows environment this must be set to the same as your
    # system time zone.
    TIME_ZONE = &#39;Europe/London&#39;
    
    # Language code for this installation. All choices can be found here:
    # http://www.i18nguy.com/unicode/language-identifiers.html
    LANGUAGE_CODE = &#39;en-GB&#39;
    
    SITE_ID = 1
    
    # If you set this to False, Django will make some optimizations so as not
    # to load the internationalization machinery.
    USE_I18N = True
    
    # Absolute path to the directory that holds media.
    # Example: &quot;/home/media/media.lawrence.com/&quot;
    MEDIA_ROOT = &#39;/home/django/media/&#39;
    
    # URL that handles the media served from MEDIA_ROOT. Make sure to use a
    # trailing slash if there is a path component (optional in other cases).
    # Examples: &quot;http://media.lawrence.com&quot;, &quot;http://example.com/media/&quot;
    MEDIA_URL = &#39;http://mofin.mywebsite.co.uk/media/&#39;
    
    # URL prefix for admin media -- CSS, JavaScript and images. Make sure to use a
    # trailing slash.
    # Examples: &quot;http://foo.com/media/&quot;, &quot;/media/&quot;.
    ADMIN_MEDIA_PREFIX = &#39;/admin_media/&#39;
    
    # Make this unique, and don&#39;t share it with anybody.
    SECRET_KEY = &#39;xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx&#39;
    
    # List of callables that know how to import templates from various sources.
    TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
        &#39;django.template.loaders.filesystem.load_template_source&#39;,
        &#39;django.template.loaders.app_directories.load_template_source&#39;,
    #     &#39;django.template.loaders.eggs.load_template_source&#39;,
    )
    
    MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
        &#39;django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware&#39;,
    )
    
    ROOT_URLCONF = &#39;mofin.urls&#39;
    
    TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
        # Put strings here, like &quot;/home/html/django_templates&quot; or &quot;C:/www/django/templates&quot;.
        # Always use forward slashes, even on Windows.
        # Don&#39;t forget to use absolute paths, not relative paths.
    )
    
    INSTALLED_APPS = (
        &#39;django.contrib.auth&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.contenttypes&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.sessions&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.sites&#39;,
        &#39;django.contrib.admin&#39;,
        &#39;mofin.store&#39;
    )


How do I stop getting ImportError: Could not import settings &#39;mofin.settings&#39; when using django with wsgi?

I&#39;m new to heroku and gunicorn so I&#39;m not sure how this works.  But I&#39;ve done some searching and I think I&#39;m close to deploying my Django app (1.5.1).  So I know I need a Procfile which has


    web: gunicorn app.wsgi

Because my directories are a bit different. I can&#39;t run gunicorn in the root directory

    app_project
        requirements/
        contributors/
        app/
            app/
                settings/
                wsgi.py
            # Normally Procfile goes here
        Procfile

Normally app/ would be the root directory, but I decided to structure my folders this way to separate my django app from some other things.  Since I have to put the Procfile in the root directory for heroku to recognize it, what should I put in the Procfile and/or what parameters should I place in the gunicorn command?


Note:

    web: gunicorn app.wsgi # won&#39;t work because Procfile is in a directory above
                           # I also want to keep the directories as is
                           # I also don&#39;t want to create a secondary git inside the app folder just for heroku
    web: gunicorn app.app.wsgi # won&#39;t work because I don&#39;t want to convert the folder into a python module




How can I modify Procfile to run Gunicorn process in a non-standard folder on Heroku?

I am debugging a microcontroller I&#39;ve built which is writing raw HTTP requests line by line.  I am using Flask for my backend and I would like to see the entire request as it appears in this format:

    GET / HTTP/1.1
    Content-length: 123
    User-agent: blah
    ...

I know Flask is based on WSGI. Is there anyway to get this to work with Flask?

Print raw HTTP request in Flask or WSGI

I&#39;ve pretty much tried every Python web framework that exists, and it took me a long time to realize there wasn&#39;t a silver bullet framework, each had its own advantages and disadvantages. I started out with [Snakelets][1] and heartily enjoyed being able to control almost everything at a lower level without much fuss, but then I discovered [TurboGears][2] and I have been using it (1.x) ever since. Tools like Catwalk and the web console are invaluable to me.

But with TurboGears 2 coming out which brings WSGI support, and after reading up on the religious debates between the Django and WSGI camps, I&#39;m really torn between ***&quot;doing it the right way&quot;***, e.g., learning WSGI, spending valuable time writing functionality that already exists in Django and other full-stack frameworks, as opposed to using Django or some high-level framework that does everything for me. The downsides with the latter that I can see are pretty obvious: 

 1. I&#39;m not learning anything in the process
 2. If I ever need to do anything lower level it&#39;s going to be a pain
 3. The overhead required for just a basic site which uses authentication is insane. (IMO)

So, I guess my question is, which is the better choice, or is it just a matter of opinion, and should I suck it up and use Django if it achieves what I want with minimal fuss (I want authentication and a CRUD interface to my database)? I tried Werkzeug, Glashammer, and friends, but AuthKit and Repoze scared me off, as well as the number of steps involved to just setup basic authentication. I looked at Pylons, but the documentation seems lacking, and when referencing simple features like authentication or a CRUD interface, various wiki pages and documentation seemed to contradict each other, with different hacks for versions and such. 

---
Thanks to S. Lott for pointing out that I wasn&#39;t clear enough. My question is: which of the following is worthwhile in the long run, but not painful in the short (e.g., some sort of middle ground, anyone?) - Learn WSGI, or stick with a &quot;batteries-included&quot; framework? If the latter, I would appreciate a suggestion as to whether I should give Django another try, stick with TurboGears 1.x, or venture into some other framework. 

Also, I have tried CherryPy, but couldn&#39;t seem to find a good enough CRUD application that I could plop in and use right away.

  [1]: http://snakelets.sf.net &quot;Snakelets&quot;
  [2]: http://turbogears.org &quot;TurboGears&quot;

Django vs other Python web frameworks?

I am trying to publish my site on an Amazon&#39;s EC2 Instance, and I keep getting a 500 error. I really don&#39;t know why.

//Log Files

        [Sun Feb 17 23:12:48.066802 2013] mod_wsgi (pid=2102): Target WSGI script &#39;/srv/www/app/poka/apache/wsgi.py&#39; cannot be loaded as Python module.
        [Sun Feb 17 23:12:48.066840 2013] mod_wsgi (pid=2102): Exception occurred processing WSGI script &#39;/srv/www/app/poka/apache/wsgi.py&#39;.
        [Sun Feb 17 23:12:48.066864 2013] Traceback (most recent call last):
        [Sun Feb 17 23:12:48.066889 2013] File &quot;/srv/www/mysite/poka/apache/wsgi.py&quot;, line 26, in &lt;module&gt;
        [Sun Feb 17 23:12:48.066920 2013] from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
        [Sun Feb 17 23:12:48.066945 2013] ImportError: No module named django.core.wsgi

//Apache Config Files
        

        WSGIScriptAlias / /srv/www/app/mysite/apache/wsgi.py

        WSGIDaemonProcess mysite python-path=/srv/www/app/mysite:/home/ec2-user/.virtualenvs/mysite-main/lib/python2.7/site-packages
        WSGIProcessGroup mysite

        &lt;Directory /srv/www/app/mysite/apache/&gt;
        &lt;Files wsgi.py&gt;
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
        &lt;/Files&gt;
        &lt;/Directory&gt;

        &lt;Directory /srv/www/app/mysite/apache/&gt;
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
        &lt;/Directory&gt;

        &lt;Directory /home/ec2-user/app/mysite/static&gt;
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
        &lt;/Directory&gt;

        &lt;Directory /home/ec2-user/app/mysite/media&gt;
        Order deny,allow
        Allow from all
        &lt;/Directory&gt;

//wsgi.py

        import os
        import sys
        import site

        site.addsitedir(&#39;/home/ec2-user/.virtualenvs/mysite-main/lib/python2.7/site-packages&#39;)
        os.environ.setdefault(&quot;DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE&quot;, &quot;mysite.settings&quot;)

        from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
        application = get_wsgi_application()

        path = &#39;/srv/www/app/mysite&#39;

        if path not in sys.path:
            sys.path.append(path)


ImportError: No module named django.core.wsgi Apache + VirtualEnv + AWS + WSGI

How can I be certain that my application is running on development server or not? I suppose I could check value of `settings.DEBUG` and assume if `DEBUG` is `True` then it&#39;s running on development server, but I&#39;d prefer to know for sure than relying on convention.

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