**Note**

*Given this OP was written about two years ago, rather than ask the same question again, I am wondering if step-by-step instructions exist, so that I can integrate a Noir or other Clojure web application into Apache, whether it&#39;s Jetty, Tomcat, or something else. Similar instructions exist for Django, and I think I understand that Python is being run in Django&#39;s case as an engine rather than a ring framework, so things are more complicated with Clojure web applications.* 

**End Note**

I&#39;m deeply in love with Clojure, and Compojure seems like a neat web framework.

But it all fell apart when I wanted to deploy my application on a regular application server like Tomcat as a WAR. I actually had to write custom Ring handlers for static files and resources that would work on both local Jetty and Tomcat because the stock handlers didn&#39;t, and I had to prepend the context root everywhere manually.

I am negatively amazed that I had to write all this code to create the simplest web application conceivable that would run on both Jetty and Tomcat. I have only three possible explanations for this:

1. Nobody uses Clojure/Compojure for anything other than local development with Jetty, i.e. in production
2. Everybody deploys Clojure/Compojure apps on a dedicated Jetty without context root (LIke people do it with Node.js apps)
3. There is a really simple way to circumvent the problems I ran into I wasn&#39;t aware of

Which of these is in your opinion the case? Or is it something else?

**Edit:**

Please note that creating a war file is a no-brainer with Maven/Leiningen and not what I mean. I&#39;m wondering that I have to write so much code to make Compojure work with Tomcat, basic stuff like static file serving and context root awareness that *should* work out of the box.

How To Integrate Clojure Web Applications in Apache

I have a WAR file. I would like to open it, edit an XML file, remove some jars and then re-package it.

I used WINRAR to open the WAR file and I removed some Jars and did an &#39;Add to Archive&#39; in WinRar and created a WAR.

When I deployed the WAR in jboss folder, I got an exception.


       16:05:14,316 ERROR [org.jboss.msc.service.fail] (MSC service thread 1-2) 
       MSC00001: Failed to start service jboss.deployment.unit.&quot;myapplication.war&quot;.
       STRUCTURE: org.jboss.msc.service.StartException in 
       service   jboss.deployment.unit.&quot;myapplication.war&quot;.STRUCTURE: 
       Failed to process phase STRUCTURE of deployment &quot;myapplication.war&quot;

How do I repackage the WAR ?

How to unpackage and repackage a WAR file

I&#39;m trying to make an &quot;executable&quot; war file (`java -jar myWarFile.war`) that will start up a Jetty webserver that hosts the webapp contained in the WAR file I executed.

I found [a page](http://eclipsesource.com/blogs/2009/10/02/executable-wars-with-jetty/) that described how to make what I&#39;m looking for:

However, following that advice along with how I think I&#39;m supposed to make an executable jar (war) isn&#39;t working.

I have an Ant task creating a WAR file with a manifest that looks like:

&gt;     Manifest-Version: 1.0
&gt;     Ant-Version: Apache Ant 1.7.1
&gt;     Created-By: 1.5.0_18-b02 (Sun Microsystems Inc.)
&gt;     Main-Class: Start

The contents of the WAR file look like:

    &gt; Start.class
    &gt; jsp
    &gt;   build.jsp 
    &gt; META-INF  
    &gt;   MANIFEST.MF
    &gt; WEB-INF
    &gt;   lib
    &gt;     jetty-6.1.22.jar
    &gt;     jetty-util.6.1.22.jar

When I try to execute the WAR file, the error is:

    Exception in thread &quot;main&quot; java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/mortbay/jetty/Handler
    Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.mortbay.jetty.Handler
            at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:202)
            at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
            at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:307)
            at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:248)
    Could not find the main class: Start. Program will exit.

There appears to be two errors here: one where it seems the JAR files can&#39;t be found, and one where the `Start` class can&#39;t be found.

To fix the first one, I put the Jetty JAR files in the base of the WAR file and tried again -- same error.  I also tried adding the `WEB-INF/lib/&lt;specific-JAR-files&gt;` to the `Class-Path` attribute of the manifest.  That did not work either.

Does anyone have any insight as to what I&#39;m doing right/wrong and how I can get this executable WAR file up and running?



Executable war file that starts jetty without maven

I have a web program where I want the user to be able to import a `.war` file and I can extract certain files out of the `.war` file.  I have found two class libraries:  `java.util.zip.*` and `java.util.jar.*`. From what I understand, a WAR file is a special JAR file which is a special ZIP file.  So would it be better to use `java.util.jar`?  If ZIP and JAR files are pretty much the same why is there a need for two different libraries?

How to extract .war files in java? ZIP vs JAR

I&#39;m about to build my first website in Java with Spring Framework using Spring Boot and it&#39;s much easier to build it in `jar`, but I have a few questions about it.

What are the differences in general? 

In `jar` files the views are under `/resources/templates`, but in `war` file it&#39;s under `/webapp/WEB-INF/`.

What are the differences? Can I deploy a `jar` on an online host?

Differences between jar and war in Spring Boot?

I&#39;m working on a Java EE web application with the following source code directory structure:

&lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    src/main/java                 &lt;-- multiple packages containing Java classes
    src/test/java                 &lt;-- multiple packages containing JUnit tests
    src/main/resources            &lt;-- includes properties files for textual messages
    src/main/webapp/resources     &lt;-- includes CSS, images and all Javascript files
    src/main/webapp/WEB-INF
    src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/tags
    src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views

The folder I&#39;m interested in is `WEB-INF`: It contains `web.xml`, XML files for setting up servlets, Spring bean wiring contexts and JSP tags and views. I&#39;m trying to understand what constrains/defines this structure. E.g. do JSP files always have to be within `WEB-INF` or could they be somewhere else? And is there anything else that might go in `WEB-INF`? Wikipedia&#39;s [WAR files](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAR_file_format_%28Sun%29) entry mentions `classes` for Java classes and `lib` for JAR files - not sure I&#39;ve fully grasped when these would be needed in addition to the other source file locations.

What is WEB-INF used for in a Java EE web application?

I am running Intellij Ultimate with Tomcat and deploy a war.  Everything deploys fine to the webapp directory of tomcat.  

When I change a file like an xhtml file, is there a way for tomcat to automatically pick up that change?  As of right now I need to copy the file from Intellij and copy it to the directory of where it lives in the tomcat web app directory.  I know there are certain files that will need a recompile, but xhtmls are not one of them. 

IntelliJ and Tomcat....changed files are not automatically recognized by Tomcat

I have jenkins.war and I started it from command prompt in Windows as:

    java -jar jenkins.war

It was started well and easily browsed as `http://localhost:8080`

I want to start on 9090 port. How can I do that?

How to start jenkins on different port rather than 8080 using command prompt in Windows?

What is the difference between a `.jar` and a `.war` file?  
Is it only the file extension or is there something more?

Difference between jar and war in Java

I cannot seem to get Maven to bundle the ojdbc6.jar file into my project&#39;s war file.  I have it working within the POM file when specifying a dependency directly for Hibernate tools.  But it won&#39;t get bundled with the project&#39;s war file, and therefore my project won&#39;t run on Tomcat.

I have tried every solution I can find out there on the net, including those specified for this question here:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1074869/find-oracle-jdbc-driver-in-maven-repository

Most recently, I did the following:

 1. Download the jar file to my machine

 2. Run the following command to install the jar into my local repository:

        mvn install:install-file -DgroupId=com.oracle -DartifactId=ojdbc6 -Dversion=11.2.0.3 -Dpackaging=jar -Dfile=ojdbc6.jar -DgeneratePom=true

    (I&#39;ve tried all kinds of variants of that command, too.)

 3. Finally, I put the dependency into my pom file:

        &lt;dependency&gt;
            &lt;groupId&gt;com.oracle&lt;/groupId&gt;
			&lt;artifactId&gt;ojdbc6&lt;/artifactId&gt;
			&lt;version&gt;11.2.0.3&lt;/version&gt;
		&lt;/dependency&gt;

 4. I run a clean build, but it fails:


        mvn -U clean package

        [INFO] Scanning for projects...
        [INFO]                                                                         
        [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        [INFO] Building jazztwo 0.0.1
        [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        Downloading: http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/oracle/ojdbc6/11.2.0.3/ojdbc6-11.2.0.3.jar
        [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        [INFO] BUILD FAILURE
        [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        [INFO] Total time: 0.700s
        [INFO] Finished at: Tue Mar 27 15:06:14 PDT 2012
        [INFO] Final Memory: 3M/81M
        [INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
        [ERROR] Failed to execute goal on project jazztwo: Could not resolve dependencies for project edu.berkeley:jazztwo:war:0.0.1: Could not find artifact com.oracle:ojdbc6:jar:11.2.0.3 in central (http://repo1.maven.org/maven2) -&gt; [Help 1]

 
Why doesn&#39;t this work?  I&#39;m ready to throw expensive computer parts across the room.  This has wasted so much time. (Thank you, Oracle.  How much did we pay you again?)  

Is it because I&#39;m on a Mac, perhaps?

Oracle JDBC ojdbc6 Jar as a Maven Dependency

I have a machine with Ubuntu 12.04 and have installed Jenkins ver. 1.424.6 using apt-get based on *[this guide*][1], but there is a new version:

    New version of Jenkins (1.447.2) is available for download (changelog).

If I press download, I get a `jenkins.war` file... but how do I use that for upgrading my current installation? or is that not possible before the apt repositories gets updated?


  [1]: http://www.mabishu.com/blog/2012/04/17/setting-up-jenkins-in-ubuntu-precise-12-04-for-php-projects/

Update Jenkins from a war file

How can I extract a `.war` file with Linux command prompt?

Linux command for extracting war file?

I&#39;m new to `Tomcat`.  We have a dev machine with about 5 apps running.  Even though it&#39;s dev, it&#39;s used by our clients pretty heavily during testing.

So say we need to make one small change on one class file.  Right now, we have to shutdown Tomcat (affecting the other four apps), delete the `WAR` file (and web app directory), redeploy the new `WAR` file and restart `Tomcat`.

Of course, this upsets a few people because it destroys all logged in sessions for all apps.

Is there a better way to do this?  I mean, is there a way to only reload the **CLASS** that changed instead of everything on the dev machine?

Thanks.


How do I update a Tomcat webapp without restarting the entire service?

What are the best practices of creating war files (using eclipse) to run on tomcat? tutorials, links, examples are highly appreciated. 




How to create war files

There seems to be a current trend in java space to move away from deploying java web applications to a java servlet container (or application server) in the form of a war file (or ear file) and instead package the application as an executable jar with an embedded servlet/HTTP server like jetty. And I mean this more so in the way newer frameworks are influencing how new applications are developed and deployed rather than how applications are delivered to end users (because, for example, I get why Jenkins uses an embedded container, very easy to grab and go). Examples of frameworks adopting the executable jar option:
[Dropwizard][1], [Spring Boot][2], and [Play][3]  (well it doesn&#39;t run on a servlet container but the HTTP server is embedded).

My question is, coming from an environment where we have deployed our (up to this point mostly Struts2) applications to a single tomcat application server, what changes, best practices, or considerations need to be made if we plan on using an embedded container approach? Currently, we have about 10 homegrown applications running on a single tomcat server and for these smallish applications
the ability to share resources and be managed on one server is nice. Our applications are not intended to be distributed to end users to run within their environment.  However, moving forward if we decide to leverage a newer java framework, should this approach change?  Is the shift to executable jars spurred on by the increasing use of cloud deployments (e.g., Heroku)?

If you&#39;ve had experience managing multiple applications in the Play style of deployment versus traditional war file deployment on a single application server, please share your insight.


  [1]: https://dropwizard.github.io/dropwizard/
  [2]: http://projects.spring.io/spring-boot/
  [3]: http://www.playframework.com/

Advice deploying war files vs executable jar with embedded container

I am writing a project for acceptance testing and for various reasons this is dependent on another project which is packaged as a WAR. I have managed to unpack the WAR using the maven-dependency-plugin, but I cannot get my project to include the unpacked `WEB-INF/lib/*.jar` and `WEB-INF/classes/*` to be included on the classpath so the build fails. Is there a way to include these files into the classpath, or is there a better way of depending on a WAR?

Many thanks.

Maven WAR dependency

I have a Java class which has a main and I used to run as a standalone app from the command line e.g.

    java -jar myjar.jar params

I needed to repackage the code to run under apache and all my code, including the entry point class from the old jar, has ended up in a WAR file for easy deplyment into the web server.

However, I still want to be able to run it from the command line and the code has not changed and is all in there, I just can&#39;t figure out how to get it to run.

Here&#39;s what I tried...

I presumed the WAR was just like a jar, so

    java -jar mywar.war params

That failed saying there was no main class defined in the manifest.

I manually added a manifest to the war and tried again, with the same effect.

I noticed that in my war I had a folder called META-INF containing a manifest.mf, so I added a line to that declaring my main class as I would to a normal manifest...

    Manifest-Version: 1.0
    Main-Class: mypackage.MyEntryPointClass

This gave a `noClassDefFoundError mypackage.MyEntryPointClass`, which is progress of a sort.  That led me to believe that it was just a path issue, so I tried

    Manifest-Version: 1.0
    Main-Class: WEB-INF.classes.mypackage.MyEntryPointClass

I now get the same error, but with a stack trace...

    Exception in thread &quot;main&quot; java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: WEB-INF/classes/mypackage/MyEntryPointClass (wrong name: mypackage/MyEntryPointClass)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
            at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
            at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(Unknown Source)
            at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$100(Unknown Source)
            at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(Unknown Source)
            at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
            at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(Unknown Source)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
            at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(Unknown Source)
            at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClassInternal(Unknown Source)

I&#39;ve googled for a bit but can&#39;t find anything which answers my question, and I read a couple of other questions here which are slightly different, so I thought I would post.

Java 1.5, not that I think that should make any difference.

How do I run a class in a WAR from the command line?

An answer to a question I read today suggested deploying an application as an exploded (unzipped) [WAR][1]. It got me thinking.

Every deployment I&#39;ve ever done to a JBoss/Tomcat has been with a a WAR/[EAR][2] file. At least as far as I can remember.

Have I been making a mistake all these years?

Are there advantages to deploying an app in its expanded form rather than packaged up?


  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAR_(file_format)
  [2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EAR_(file_format)

Advantages/Disadvantages to exploded WAR files

I have copied the `sample.war` file into the `webapps` directory of Tomcat, and I can access `localhost:8080`.

Now how will Tomcat deploy it, I mean do I need to open it in browser? How can I access the application?

How to deploy a war file in Tomcat 7

I am pretty new to Tomcat and Docker - so I am probably missing a Tomcat fundamental somewhere in this question.

What I am trying to do is build a Docker container that runs a SpringBoot Restful web service that just returns some static data. This is all running on OSX so I am using Boot2Docker as well.

I&#39;ve written my own Dockerfile to build the container that my app runs in:
    
    FROM tomcat:8.0.20-jre8

    RUN mkdir /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/myapp

    COPY /1.0-SNAPSHOT/my-app-1.0-SNAPSHOT.war /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/myapp/

This Dockerfile works fine and I am able to start the container from the created image. 
    
    docker build -t myapp .

    docker run -it --rm -p 8888:8080 myapp

This container starts correctly and outputs no errors and displays the message saying my app was deployed.

    22-Mar-2015 23:07:21.217 INFO [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory 
    Deploying web application directory /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/myapp

The container also correctly has the myapp.war copied to the path described in the Dockerfile. Moreover I am able to navigate to Tomcat default page to confirm that Tomcat is running, I can also hit all the examples, etc.

To the problem, when I navigate to http://192.168.59.103:8888/myapp/getData I get a 404. I can&#39;t quite figure out why. Am I missing something regarding a .war deploy to Tomcat?


Deploying Java webapp to Tomcat 8 running in Docker container

I am currently extracting the contents of a war file and then adding some new files to the directory structure and then creating a new war file.

This is all done programatically from Java - but I am wondering if it wouldn&#39;t be more efficient to copy the war file and then just append the files - then I wouldn&#39;t have to wait so long as the war expands and then has to be compressed again.

I can&#39;t seem to find a way to do this in the documentation though or any online examples.

Anyone can give some tips or pointers?

UPDATE:

TrueZip as mentioned in one of the answers seems to be a very good java library to append to a zip file (despite other answers that say it is not possible to do this).

Anyone have experience or feedback on TrueZip or can recommend other similar libaries?



Appending files to a zip file with Java

I am getting the following error: 

&gt; Error assembling WAR: webxml attribute is required (or pre-existing WEB-INF/web.xml if executing in update mode)

I have got `web.xml` in right place which is `projectname\src\main\webapp\WEB-INF\web.xml`

What could be causing this?

&quot;webxml attribute is required&quot; error in Maven

For my current purposes I have a Maven project which creates a `war` file, and I want to see what actual classpath it is using when creating the `war`. Is there a way to do that in a single command -- without having to compile the entire project?

One idea is to have Maven generate the `target/classpath.properties` file and then stop at that point.

All War Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 23 War Solutions