I have a requirements.txt file for a Python code base.  The file has everything specified:

    pytz==2017.2
    requests==2.18.4
    six==1.11.0

I am adding a new package. Should I list its version?  If yes, how do I pick a version to specify?

Does Python requirements file have to specify version?

When I do `pip freeze` I get the packages I&#39;ve explicitly installed plus those packages that are dependencies of those packages.

For example:

    $ pip install fabric
    ...
    $ pip freeze
    Fabric==1.0.1
    paramiko==1.7.6
    pycrypto==2.3

Ok fine but then I move to install this requirements.txt on another environment with `pip install` I&#39;d get the same result with the last 2 lines removed.

So my question is: how I can I create the most simplified requirements.txt where all calculable dependencies are not shown?

pip freeze without dependencies of installed packages

I have this line in my requirements file

    django&gt;=1.10,&lt;1.11

Does that mean I need to have Django version `&gt;= 1.10` and then less than `1.11`?

Requirements.txt greater than equal to and then less than?

I&#39;m installing several Python packages in Ubuntu 12.04 using the following `requirements.txt` file:

    numpy&gt;=1.8.2,&lt;2.0.0
    matplotlib&gt;=1.3.1,&lt;2.0.0
    scipy&gt;=0.14.0,&lt;1.0.0
    astroML&gt;=0.2,&lt;1.0
    scikit-learn&gt;=0.14.1,&lt;1.0.0
    rpy2&gt;=2.4.3,&lt;3.0.0

and these two commands:

    $ pip install --download=/tmp -r requirements.txt
    $ pip install --user --no-index --find-links=/tmp -r requirements.txt

(the first one downloads the packages and the second one installs them).

The process is frequently stopped with the error:

      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement &lt;package&gt; (from matplotlib&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.3.1-&gt;-r requirements.txt (line 2)) (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for &lt;package&gt; (from matplotlib&lt;2.0.0,&gt;=1.3.1-&gt;-r requirements.txt (line 2))

which I fix manually with:

    pip install --user &lt;package&gt;

and then run the second `pip install` command again.

But that only works for *that* particular package. When I run the second `pip install` command again, the process is stopped now complaining about *another* required package and I need to repeat the process again, ie: install the new required package manually (with the command above) and then run the second `pip install` command.

So far I&#39;ve had to manually install `six`, `pytz`, `nose`, and now it&#39;s complaining about needing `mock`.

Is there a way to tell `pip` to automatically install *all* needed dependencies so I don&#39;t have to do it manually one by one?

**Add**: This only happens in Ubuntu 12.04 BTW. In Ubuntu 14.04 the `pip install` commands applied on the `requirements.txt` file work without issues.

Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement &lt;package&gt;

In the `requirements.txt` for a Python library I am using, one of the requirements is specified like:

    mock-django~=0.6.10

What does `~=` mean?

In requirements.txt, what does tilde equals (~=) mean?

How do I upgrade all my python packages from requirements.txt file using pip command?

tried with below command

    $ pip install --upgrade -r requirements.txt

Since, the python packages are suffixed with the version number (`Django==1.5.1`) they don&#39;t seem to upgrade. Is there any better approach than manually editing requirements.txt file?

**EDIT**

As Andy mentioned in his answer packages are pinned to a specific version, hence it is not possible to upgrade packages through pip command.

But, we can achieve this with `pip-tools` using the following command.

    $ pip-review --auto

this will automatically upgrade all packages from requirements.txt (make sure to install `pip-tools` using pip install command).

Upgrade python packages from requirements.txt using pip command

I started working with Python. I&#39;ve added `requirements.txt` and `setup.py` to my project. But, I am still confused about the purpose of both files. I have read that `setup.py` is designed for redistributable things and that `requirements.txt` is designed for non-redistributable things.  But I am not certain this is accurate.

How are those two files truly intended to be used?

requirements.txt vs setup.py

Sometimes I download the python source code from `github` and don&#39;t know how to install all the dependencies. If there is no `requirements.txt` file I have to create it by hands.  
The question is:  
Given the python source code directory is it possible to create `requirements.txt` automatically from the import section?
 

Automatically create requirements.txt

I have two branches, Development and Production. Each has dependencies, some of which are different. Development points to dependencies that are themselves in development. Likewise for Production. I need to deploy to Heroku which expects each branch&#39;s dependencies in a single file called &#39;requirements.txt&#39;.

What is the best way to organize?

What I&#39;ve thought of:

* Maintain separate requirements files, one in each branch (must survive frequent merges!)
* Tell Heroku which requirements file I want to use (environment variable?)
* Write deploy scripts (create temp branch, modify requirements file, commit, deploy, delete temp branch)

How to customize a requirements.txt for multiple environments?

I&#39;ve installed a library using the command

    pip install git+git://github.com/mozilla/elasticutils.git

which installs it directly from a Github repository.  This works fine and I want to have that dependency in my `requirements.txt`.  I&#39;ve looked at other tickets like [this][1] but that didn&#39;t solve my problem.  If I put something like

    -f git+git://github.com/mozilla/elasticutils.git
    elasticutils==0.7.dev

in the `requirements.txt` file, a `pip install -r requirements.txt` results in the following output:

    Downloading/unpacking elasticutils==0.7.dev (from -r requirements.txt (line 20))
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement elasticutils==0.7.dev (from -r requirements.txt (line 20)) (from versions: )
    No distributions matching the version for elasticutils==0.7.dev (from -r requirements.txt (line 20))

The [documentation of the requirements file][2] does not mention links using the `git+git` protocol specifier, so maybe this is just not supported.

Does anybody have a solution for my problem?


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9024607/how-to-link-to-forked-package-in-distutils-without-breaking-pip-freeze
  [2]: https://pip.pypa.io/en/stable/reference/pip_install/#requirements-file-format

How to state in requirements.txt a direct github source

Without going through with the installation, I want to quickly see all the packages that ```pip install``` would install.

Is there a way to list pip dependencies/requirements?

I have a project with multiple package dependencies, the main requirements being listed in `requirements.txt`. When I call `pip freeze` it prints the currently installed packages as plain list. I would prefer to also get their dependency relationships, something like this:

    Flask==0.9
        Jinja2==2.7
        Werkzeug==0.8.3

    Jinja2==2.7

    Werkzeug==0.8.3

    Flask-Admin==1.0.6
        Flask==0.9
        Jinja2==2.7
        Werkzeug==0.8.3

The goal is to detect the dependencies of each specific package:

    Werkzeug==0.8.3
        Flask==0.9
        Flask-Admin==1.0.6

And insert these into my current `requirements.txt`. For example, for this input:

    Flask==0.9
    Flask-Admin==1.0.6
    Werkzeug==0.8.3


I would like to get:

    Flask==0.9
        Jinja2==2.7
    Flask-Admin==1.0.6
    Werkzeug==0.8.3

Is there any way show the dependencies of installed pip packages?

Is there any way to show the dependency trees for pip packages?

I am new to python. Recently I got a project written by python and it requires some installation. I run below command to install but got an error.

    # pip install requirements.txt 
    Collecting requirements.txt
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement requirements.txt (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for requirements.txt

I searched on google and found this link `http://stackoverflow.com/questions/28167987/python-pip-trouble-installing-from-requirements-txt` but I don&#39;t quite understand what the solution in that post.

Below is my requirements.txt file:

    # cat requirements.txt 
    ordereddict==1.1
    argparse==1.2.1
    python-dateutil==2.2
    matplotlib==1.3.1
    nose==1.3.0
    numpy==1.8.0
    pymongo==3.3.0
    psutil&gt;=2.0

Is there a easy way to install all required dependencies in this python project? 

**EDIT1**

Below is the output from `pip3 install -r requirements.txt `.

    # pip3 install -r requirements.txt 
    Requirement already satisfied: ordereddict==1.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.5/dist-packages (from -r requirements.txt (line 1))
    Collecting argparse==1.2.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 2))
      Using cached argparse-1.2.1.tar.gz
    Collecting python-dateutil==2.2 (from -r requirements.txt (line 3))
      Using cached python-dateutil-2.2.tar.gz
    Collecting matplotlib==1.3.1 (from -r requirements.txt (line 4))
      Using cached matplotlib-1.3.1.tar.gz
        Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
        ============================================================================
        Edit setup.cfg to change the build options
        
        BUILDING MATPLOTLIB
                    matplotlib: yes [1.3.1]
                        python: yes [3.5.2 (default, Nov 17 2016, 17:05:23)  [GCC
                                5.4.0 20160609]]
                      platform: yes [linux]
        
        REQUIRED DEPENDENCIES AND EXTENSIONS
                         numpy: yes [version 1.11.3]
                      dateutil: yes [using dateutil version 2.6.0]
                       tornado: yes [tornado was not found. It is required for the
                                WebAgg backend. pip/easy_install may attempt to
                                install it after matplotlib.]
                     pyparsing: yes [using pyparsing version 2.1.10]
                         pycxx: yes [Official versions of PyCXX are not compatible
                                with Python 3.x.  Using local copy]
                        libagg: yes [pkg-config information for &#39;libagg&#39; could not
                                be found. Using local copy.]
                      freetype: no  [The C/C++ header for freetype2 (ft2build.h)
                                could not be found.  You may need to install the
                                development package.]
                           png: yes [pkg-config information for &#39;libpng&#39; could not
                                be found. Using unknown version.]
        
        OPTIONAL SUBPACKAGES
                   sample_data: yes [installing]
                      toolkits: yes [installing]
                         tests: yes [using nose version 1.3.7]
        
        OPTIONAL BACKEND EXTENSIONS
                        macosx: no  [Mac OS-X only]
                        qt4agg: no  [PyQt4 not found]
                       gtk3agg: no  [gtk3agg backend does not work on Python 3]
                     gtk3cairo: no  [Requires cairo to be installed.]
                        gtkagg: no  [Requires pygtk]
                         tkagg: no  [TKAgg requires Tkinter.]
                         wxagg: no  [requires wxPython]
                           gtk: no  [Requires pygtk]
                           agg: yes [installing]
                         cairo: no  [cairo not found]
                     windowing: no  [Microsoft Windows only]
        
        OPTIONAL LATEX DEPENDENCIES
                        dvipng: no
                   ghostscript: no
                         latex: no
                       pdftops: no
        
        ============================================================================
                                * The following required packages can not be built:
                                * freetype
        
        ----------------------------------------
    Command &quot;python setup.py egg_info&quot; failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-don4ne_2/matplotlib/


I have already installed `libfreetype6-dev` but the pip command still reports missing this dependency.


    # apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree       
    Reading state information... Done
    libfreetype6-dev is already the newest version (2.6.1-0.1ubuntu2).
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 4 not upgraded.

How to use requirements.txt to install all dependencies in a python project

I&#39;m trying to install [BitTornado][1] for Python 2.7 using requirements.txt, I get the following error:

    Collecting requirements.txt
      Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement requirements.txt (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for requirements.txt


Here is my code in requirements.txt:

    -e git+https://github.com/effigies/BitTornado.git#egg=python2.7


  [1]: https://github.com/effigies/BitTornado/tree/python2.7

I also tried -e git+https://github.com/effigies/BitTornado.git@python2.7 but still not working. Does someone know why is this happening?  

Note: &quot;python2.7&quot; is the branch name

Thanks in Advance

Unable to install using pip install requirements.txt

Is there any easy way to delete no-more-using packages from **requirements** file?

I wrote a bash script for this task but, it doesn&#39;t work as I expected. Because, some packages are not used following their PyPI project names. For example;

    dj-database-url

package is used as 

    dj_database_url

My project has many packages in its own requirements file, so, searching them one-by-one is too messy, error-prone and takes too much time. As I searched, IDEs don&#39;t have this property, yet.

Delete unused packages from requirements file

I have a `requirements.txt` file that I&#39;m using with Travis-CI.  It seems silly to duplicate the requirements in both `requirements.txt` and `setup.py`, so I was hoping to pass a file handle to the `install_requires` kwarg in `setuptools.setup`.

Is this possible? If so, how should I go about doing it?

Here is my `requirements.txt` file:

    guessit&gt;=0.5.2
    tvdb_api&gt;=1.8.2
    hachoir-metadata&gt;=1.3.3
    hachoir-core&gt;=1.3.3
    hachoir-parser&gt;=1.3.4

Reference requirements.txt for the install_requires kwarg in setuptools setup.py file

I&#39;m working with fabric(0.9.4)+pip(0.8.2) and I need to install some python modules for multiple servers. All servers have old version of setuptools (0.6c8) which needs to be upgraded for pymongo module. Pymongo requires setuptools&gt;=0.6c9.

My problem is that pip starts installation with pymongo instead of setuptools which causes pip to stop. Shuffling module order in requirements file doesn&#39;t seem to help.

requirements.txt:

    setuptools&gt;=0.6c9
    pymongo==1.9
    simplejson==2.1.3

Is there a way to specify install order for pip as it doesn&#39;t seem to do it properly by itself?

This can be resolved with two separate requirements files but it would be nice if I didn&#39;t need to maintain multiple requirements files now or in the future. 

Problem persists with pip 0.8.3.

How to specify install order for python pip?

I&#39;m using `pip` [requirements files][1] for keeping my dependency list.

I also try to follow best practices for managing dependencies and provide precise package versions inside the requirements file. For example:

    Django==1.5.1
    lxml==3.0

**The question is:** Is there a way to tell that there are any newer package versions available in the Python Package Index for packages listed inside `requirements.txt`?

For this particular example, currently latest available versions are 1.6.2 and 3.3.4 for Django and lxml respectively.

I&#39;ve tried `pip install --upgrade -r requirements.txt`, but it says that all is up-to-date:

    $ pip install --upgrade -r requirements.txt 
    Requirement already up-to-date: Django==1.5.1 ...

Note that at this point I don&#39;t want to run an actual upgrade - I just want to see if there are any updates available.



  [1]: http://pip.readthedocs.org/en/latest/user_guide.html#requirements-files

Check if requirements are up to date

I am working on developing a python package. I use `pip freeze &gt; requirements.txt` to add the required package into the requirement.txt file. However, I realized that some of the packages, instead of the package version, have some path in front of them. 

```
numpy==1.19.0
packaging==20.4
pandas @ file:///opt/concourse/worker/volumes/live/38d1301c-8fa9-4d2f-662e-34dddf33b183/volume/pandas_1592841668171/work
pandocfilters==1.4.2
```
Whereas, inside the environment, I get:

```
&gt;&gt;&gt; pandas.__version__
&#39;1.0.5&#39;
```
Do you have any idea how to address this problem?


pip freeze creates some weird path instead of the package version

Developing a Django web app, I have a list of packages I need to install in a virtualenv.  Say:

    Django==1.3.1
    --extra-index-url=http://dist.pinaxproject.com/dev/
    Pinax==0.9b1.dev10
    git+git://github.com/pinax/pinax-theme-bootstrap.git@cff4f5bbe9f87f0c67ee9ada9aa8ae82978f9890
    # and other packages

Initially I installed them manually, one by one, along the development. This installed the required dependencies and I finally used `pip freeze` before deploying the app.

Problem is, as I upgraded some packages, some dependencies are no longer used nor required but they keep being listed by `pip freeze`.

Now, I&#39;d like to set up a new virtualenv this way:

 - put the needed packages (without their dependencies) in a requirement file, &lt;br /&gt;
   like `manual-requirements.txt`
 - install them with their dependencies &lt;br /&gt;
   `pip install -r manual-requirement.txt` (← problem, this does not install the dependencies)
 - freeze the full virtualenv &lt;br /&gt;
   `pip freeze -r manual-requirements.txt &gt; full-requirements.txt`&lt;br /&gt;
   and deploy.

Any way to do this without manually re-installing the packages in a new virtualenv to get their dependencies ? This would be error-prone and I&#39;d like to automate the process of cleaning the virtualenv from no-longer-needed old dependencies.

**edit:** actually, pip _does_ install dependencies not explicitly listed in the requirement file, even if [the documentation][1] tells us that such files are flat. I was wrong about which dependencies i expected to be installed. I&#39;ll let this question for anyone in doubt about pip not installing all dependencies. 


  [1]: http://www.pip-installer.org/en/latest/requirements.html

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