So what I&#39;m looking for here is something like PHP&#39;s [print_r][1] function.

This is so I can debug my scripts by seeing what&#39;s the state of the object in question.


  [1]: http://us2.php.net/print_r

Is there a built-in function to print all the current properties and values of an object?

I&#39;m making a parser with Scala Combinators. It is awesome. What I end up with is a long list of entagled case classes, like: `ClassDecl(Complex,List(VarDecl(Real,float), VarDecl(Imag,float)))`, just 100x longer. I was wondering if there is a good way to print case classes like these in a tree-like fashion so that it&#39;s easier to read..? (or some other form of *Pretty Print*)

    ClassDecl
      name = Complex
      fields =
      - VarDecl
          name = Real
          type = float
      - VarDecl
          name = Imag
          type = float

^ I want to end up with something like this

**edit: Bonus question** 

Is there also a way to show the name of the parameter..? Like: `ClassDecl(name=Complex, fields=List( ... )` ?

Scala - how to print case classes like (pretty printed) tree

I&#39;m trying to improve performance in our app.  I&#39;ve got performance information in the form of a tree of calls, with the following node class:

    public class Node
    {
        public string Name; // method name
        public decimal Time; // time spent in method
        public List&lt;Node&gt; Children;
    }

I want to print out the tree such that I can see lines between the nodes - something like in &lt;a href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1581559/ascii-library-for-creating-pretty-directory-trees&quot;&gt;this question&lt;/a&gt;.  What&#39;s an algorithm I can use in C# for doing that?

Edit: Obviously I need to use recursion - but my attempts keep putting the lines in the wrong places.  What I&#39;m asking for is a specific algorithm that will print the tree in a nice manner - the details of when to print a vertical line and when to print a horizontal one.

Edit: It isn&#39;t sufficient just to use copies of a string to indent the nodes.  I&#39;m not looking for

    A
    |-B
    |-|-C
    |-|-D
    |-|-|-E
    |-F
    |-|-G

it has to be

    A
    +-B
    | +-C
    | +-D
    |   +-E
    +-F
      +-G

or anything similar, so long as the tree structure is visible.  Notice that C and D are indented differently to G - I can&#39;t just use a repeated string to indent the nodes.

How do I print out a tree structure?

I tried `pprint`, `print`, the former only prints Unicode version, and the latter doesn&#39;t do pretty prints. 

    from sympy import symbols, Function
    import sympy.functions as sym
    from sympy import init_printing
    init_printing(use_latex=True)
    from sympy import pprint
    from sympy import Symbol
    
    x = Symbol(&#39;x&#39;)
    
    # If a cell contains only the following, it will render perfectly.
    (pi + x)**2
    
    # However I would like to control what to print in a function, 
    # so that multiple expressions can be printed from a single notebook cell.
    pprint((pi + x)**2)



How to pretty print in ipython notebook via sympy?

I&#39;m trying to inspect a buffer which contains a binary formatted message, but also contains string data. As an example, I&#39;m using this C code:

    int main (void) {
        char buf[100] = &quot;\x01\x02\x03\x04String Data\xAA\xBB\xCC&quot;;
    
        return 0;
    }

I&#39;d like to get a hex dump of what&#39;s in `buf`, of a format similar to `xxd` (I don&#39;t care if it&#39;s an exact match, what I&#39;m really looking for is a hex dump side by side with printable chars).

Inside GDB I can use something like:

    (gdb) x /100bx buf
    0x7fffffffdf00: 0x01    0x02    0x03    0x04    0x53    0x74    0x72    0x69
    0x7fffffffdf08: 0x6e    0x67    0x20    0x44    0x61    0x74    0x61    0xaa
    0x7fffffffdf10: 0xbb    0xcc    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf18: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf20: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf28: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf30: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf38: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf40: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf48: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf50: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00
    0x7fffffffdf58: 0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00

which is fine, but it&#39;s hard to pick out strings that way... or I can use

    (gdb) x /100bs buf
    0x7fffffffdf00:  &quot;\001\002\003\004String Data\252\273\314&quot;
    0x7fffffffdf13:  &quot;&quot;
    0x7fffffffdf14:  &quot;&quot;
    0x7fffffffdf15:  &quot;&quot;
    0x7fffffffdf16:  &quot;&quot;
    0x7fffffffdf17:  &quot;&quot;
    ...

which makes it hard to read the binary part... the actual messages I&#39;m dealing with have plenty of ascii nul&#39;s in them, too, so really it just looks like a mess.

The best I can come up with is to do this:

    (gdb) dump binary memory dump.bin buf buf+100

and then

    $ xxd dump.bin
    0000000: 0102 0304 5374 7269 6e67 2044 6174 61aa  ....String Data.
    0000010: bbcc 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  ................
    0000020: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  ................
    0000030: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  ................
    0000040: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  ................
    0000050: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000  ................
    0000060: 0000 0000                                ....

but that&#39;s a pain to do that every time. I figured somebody out there has wanted this before, so wondering if anybody has found a way to do it inside gdb.  Plus you lose the addresses from the original memory this way.

I&#39;m using GDB 7.4 with python support built in, so I&#39;m open to the idea of using a pretty printer or similar, but I don&#39;t know how to set that up.


Memory dump formatted like xxd from gdb

Is there something like Ruby&#39;s `awesome_print` in Go?

For example in Ruby you could write:

    require &#39;ap&#39;
    x = {a:1,b:2} // also works for class
    ap x

the output would be:

    { 
      &quot;a&quot; =&gt; 1,
      &quot;b&quot; =&gt; 2
    }

closest thing that I could found is `Printf(&quot;%#v&quot;, x)`

How to pretty print variables

We have a project with around 500,000 lines of code, managed with git, much of it several years old.  We&#39;re about to make a series of modifications to bring the older code into conformance with the developer community&#39;s current standards and best practices, with regards to naming conventions, exception handling, indentation, and so forth.

You can think of it as something between pretty printing and low level/mechanical refactoring.

This process is likely to touch almost every line of code in the code base (~85%), and some lines will be subject to as many as five modifications.  All of the changes are intended to be semantically neutral.

&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Is there any way to make the changes transparent to git blame, etc. so that when looking at the code a month from now we&#39;ll see the commit the logic was introduced in, not the one in which the indentation or capitalization was changed?
&lt;li&gt;What&#39;s the best way to pull merges from forks that have not undergone this process?  My present plan would be to have a script clone the forked repo, apply the automated process to it and its base, diff them, then apply the diff.  But I&#39;d love to have a cleaner answer.
&lt;li&gt;Are there any other problems of this sort that I&#39;m not seeing, and if so what can be done to mitigate them?  I&#39;m figuring that git bisect, etc. should be fine, git log, etc. crossing the great divide will be annoying unless you are careful, and git diff will be hopeless, but I&#39;m not convinced I&#39;m not overlooking another pain point.



How to handle widespread code format changes in a git repository

While developing REST services using Spring MVC, I would like render JSON &#39;pretty printed&#39; in development but normal (reduced whitespace) in production.

When using Spring MVC for REST, how do you enable Jackson to pretty-print rendered JSON?

Does anyone know of a simple way to pretty-print JSON output in Go?

&lt;strike&gt;The stock http://golang.org/pkg/encoding/json/ package does not seem to include functionality for this&lt;/strike&gt; (EDIT: it does, see accepted answer) and a quick google doesn&#39;t turn up anything obvious.

Uses I&#39;m looking for are both pretty-printing the result of `json.Marshal` and just formatting a string full of JSON from wherever, so it&#39;s easier to read for debug purposes.

How can I pretty-print JSON using Go?

I&#39;m using [tag:json-simple] and I need to pretty-print JSON data (make it more human readable).

I haven&#39;t been able to find this functionality within that library.
How is this commonly achieved?

Pretty-Print JSON in Java

I `JSON.stringify` a json object by 

    result = JSON.stringify(message, my_json, 2)

The `2` in the argument above is supposed to pretty print the result.  It does this if I do something like `alert(result)`.  However, I want to output this to the user by appending it inside a div.  When I do this I get just a single line showing up.  (I don&#39;t think it is working because the breaks and spaces are not being interpreted as html?)
 
    { &quot;data&quot;: { &quot;x&quot;: &quot;1&quot;, &quot;y&quot;: &quot;1&quot;, &quot;url&quot;: &quot;http://url.com&quot; }, &quot;event&quot;: &quot;start&quot;, &quot;show&quot;: 1, &quot;id&quot;: 50 }

Is there a way to output the result of `JSON.stringify` to a div in a pretty print way?

JSON.stringify output to div in pretty print way

How can I format a float so that it doesn&#39;t contain trailing zeros? In other words, I want the resulting string to be as short as possible.

For example:

    3 -&gt; &quot;3&quot;
    3. -&gt; &quot;3&quot;
    3.0 -&gt; &quot;3&quot;
    3.1 -&gt; &quot;3.1&quot;
    3.14 -&gt; &quot;3.14&quot;
    3.140 -&gt; &quot;3.14&quot;

Formatting floats without trailing zeros

In other words, what&#39;s the sprintf equivalent to pprint?  

How do I get python&#39;s pprint to return a string instead of printing?

I wish to print a `Stack&lt;Integer&gt;` object as nicely as the Eclipse debugger does (i.e. `[1,2,3...]`) but printing it with `out = &quot;output:&quot; + stack` doesn&#39;t return this nice result.

Just to clarify, I&#39;m talking about Java&#39;s built-in collection so I can&#39;t override its `toString()`.

How can I get a nice printable version of the stack?

Printing Java Collections Nicely (toString Doesn&#39;t Return Pretty Output)

Is there a (Unix) shell script to format JSON in human-readable form?

Basically, I want it to transform the following:

```json
{ &quot;foo&quot;: &quot;lorem&quot;, &quot;bar&quot;: &quot;ipsum&quot; }
```

... into something like this:

```json
{
    &quot;foo&quot;: &quot;lorem&quot;,
    &quot;bar&quot;: &quot;ipsum&quot;
}
```

How can I pretty-print JSON in a shell script?

This is the JSON string I have:

    {&quot;attributes&quot;:[{&quot;nm&quot;:&quot;ACCOUNT&quot;,&quot;lv&quot;:[{&quot;v&quot;:{&quot;Id&quot;:null,&quot;State&quot;:null},&quot;vt&quot;:&quot;java.util.Map&quot;,&quot;cn&quot;:1}],&quot;vt&quot;:&quot;java.util.Map&quot;,&quot;status&quot;:&quot;SUCCESS&quot;,&quot;lmd&quot;:13585},{&quot;nm&quot;:&quot;PROFILE&quot;,&quot;lv&quot;:[{&quot;v&quot;:{&quot;Party&quot;:null,&quot;Ads&quot;:null},&quot;vt&quot;:&quot;java.util.Map&quot;,&quot;cn&quot;:2}],&quot;vt&quot;:&quot;java.util.Map&quot;,&quot;status&quot;:&quot;SUCCESS&quot;,&quot;lmd&quot;:41962}]}


I need to convert the above JSON `String` into Pretty Print JSON Output (using Jackson), like below:

    {
        &quot;attributes&quot;: [
            {
                &quot;nm&quot;: &quot;ACCOUNT&quot;,
                &quot;lv&quot;: [
                    {
                        &quot;v&quot;: {
                            &quot;Id&quot;: null,
                            &quot;State&quot;: null
                        },
                        &quot;vt&quot;: &quot;java.util.Map&quot;,
                        &quot;cn&quot;: 1
                    }
                ],
                &quot;vt&quot;: &quot;java.util.Map&quot;,
                &quot;status&quot;: &quot;SUCCESS&quot;,
                &quot;lmd&quot;: 13585
            },
            {
                &quot;nm&quot;: &quot;PROFILE
                &quot;lv&quot;: [
                    {
                        &quot;v&quot;: {
                            &quot;Party&quot;: null,
                            &quot;Ads&quot;: null
                        },
                        &quot;vt&quot;: &quot;java.util.Map&quot;,
                        &quot;cn&quot;: 2
                    }
                ],
                &quot;vt&quot;: &quot;java.util.Map&quot;,
                &quot;status&quot;: &quot;SUCCESS&quot;,
                &quot;lmd&quot;: 41962
            }
        ]
    }

Can anyone provide me an example based on my example above? How to achieve this scenario? I know there are lot of examples, but I am not able to understand those properly. Any help will be appreciated with a simple example.

**Updated:**

Below is the code I am using:

    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    System.out.println(mapper.defaultPrettyPrintingWriter().writeValueAsString(jsonString));

But this doesn&#39;t works with the way I needed the output as mentioned above.

Here&#39;s is the POJO I am using for the above JSON:

    public class UrlInfo implements Serializable {
    
        private List&lt;Attributes&gt; attribute;
        
    }
    
    class Attributes {
        
        private String nm;
        private List&lt;ValueList&gt; lv;
        private String vt;
        private String status;
        private String lmd;
        
    }
    
    
    class ValueList {
        private String vt;
        private String cn;
        private List&lt;String&gt; v;
    }

Can anyone tell me whether I got the right POJO for the JSON or not?


**Updated:**


    String result = restTemplate.getForObject(url.toString(), String.class);
    
    ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
    Object json = mapper.readValue(result, Object.class);
    
    String indented = mapper.defaultPrettyPrintingWriter().writeValueAsString(json);
    
    System.out.println(indented);//This print statement show correct way I need

    model.addAttribute(&quot;response&quot;, (indented));

	
Below line prints out something like this:

    System.out.println(indented);


    {
      &quot;attributes&quot; : [ {
        &quot;nm&quot; : &quot;ACCOUNT&quot;,
        &quot;error&quot; : &quot;null SYS00019CancellationException in CoreImpl fetchAttributes\n java.util.concurrent.CancellationException\n\tat java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerGet(FutureTask.java:231)\n\tat java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.&quot;,
        &quot;status&quot; : &quot;ERROR&quot;
      } ]
    }

which is the way I needed to be shown. But when I add it to model like this:

    model.addAttribute(&quot;response&quot;, (indented));

And then shows it out in a resultform jsp page like below:


		&lt;fieldset&gt;
			&lt;legend&gt;Response:&lt;/legend&gt;
				&lt;strong&gt;${response}&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

		&lt;/fieldset&gt;

I get something like this:

    { &quot;attributes&quot; : [ { &quot;nm&quot; : &quot;ACCOUNT&quot;, &quot;error&quot; : &quot;null    
    SYS00019CancellationException in CoreImpl fetchAttributes\n 
    java.util.concurrent.CancellationException\n\tat 
    java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerGet(FutureTask.java:231)\n\tat 
    java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.&quot;, &quot;status&quot; : &quot;ERROR&quot; } ] }

which I don&#39;t need. I needed the way it got printed out above. Can anyone tell me why it happened this way?

Convert JSON String to Pretty Print JSON output using Jackson

A project for class involves parsing Twitter JSON data. I&#39;m getting the data and setting it to the file without much trouble, but it&#39;s all in one line. This is fine for the data manipulation I&#39;m trying to do, but the file is ridiculously hard to read and I can&#39;t examine it very well, making the code writing for the data manipulation part very difficult. 

Does anyone know how to do that from within Python (i.e. not using the command line tool, which I can&#39;t get to work)? Here&#39;s my code so far:

    header, output = client.request(twitterRequest, method=&quot;GET&quot;, body=None,
                                headers=None, force_auth_header=True)

    # now write output to a file
    twitterDataFile = open(&quot;twitterData.json&quot;, &quot;wb&quot;)
    # magic happens here to make it pretty-printed
    twitterDataFile.write(output)
    twitterDataFile.close()

**Note** I appreciate people pointing me to simplejson documentation and such, but as I have stated, I have already looked at that and continue to need assistance. A truly helpful reply will be more detailed and explanatory than the examples found there. *Thanks*

**Also:**
Trying this in the windows command line:

    more twitterData.json | python -mjson.tool &gt; twitterData-pretty.json

results in this:

    Invalid control character at: line 1 column 65535 (char 65535)

I&#39;d give you the data I&#39;m using, but it&#39;s very large and you&#39;ve already seen the code I used to make the file.


Pretty-Print JSON Data to a File using Python

When using Express for Node.js, I noticed that it outputs the HTML code without any newline characters or tabs. Though it may be more efficient to download, it&#39;s not very readable during development.

How can I get Express to output nicely formatted HTML?

How can I get Express to output nicely formatted HTML?

I would like my JSON output in Ruby on Rails to be &quot;pretty&quot; or nicely formatted. 

Right now, I call `to_json` and my JSON is all on one line.  At times this can be difficult to see if there is a problem in the JSON output stream.

Is there way to configure to make my JSON &quot;pretty&quot; or nicely formatted in Rails?


How to &quot;pretty&quot; format JSON output in Ruby on Rails

I&#39;m building a PHP script that feeds JSON data to another script. My script builds data into a large associative array, and then outputs the data using `json_encode`. Here is an example script:

    $data = array(&#39;a&#39; =&gt; &#39;apple&#39;, &#39;b&#39; =&gt; &#39;banana&#39;, &#39;c&#39; =&gt; &#39;catnip&#39;);
    header(&#39;Content-type: text/javascript&#39;);
    echo json_encode($data);

The above code yields the following output:

    {&quot;a&quot;:&quot;apple&quot;,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;banana&quot;,&quot;c&quot;:&quot;catnip&quot;}

This is great if you have a small amount of data, but I&#39;d prefer something along these lines: 

    {
        &quot;a&quot;: &quot;apple&quot;,
        &quot;b&quot;: &quot;banana&quot;,
        &quot;c&quot;: &quot;catnip&quot;
    }

Is there a way to do this in PHP without an ugly hack? It seems like someone at [Facebook][1] figured it out.


  [1]: https://graph.facebook.com/19292868552

Pretty-Printing JSON with PHP

I have a string that represents a non indented XML that I would like to pretty-print. For example:

    &lt;root&gt;&lt;node/&gt;&lt;/root&gt;

should become:

    &lt;root&gt;
      &lt;node/&gt;
    &lt;/root&gt;

Syntax highlighting is not a requirement. To tackle the problem I first transform the XML to add carriage returns and white spaces and then use a [*pre*][1] tag to output the XML. To add new lines and white spaces I wrote the following function: 


    function formatXml(xml) {
        var formatted = &#39;&#39;;
        var reg = /(&gt;)(&lt;)(\/*)/g;
        xml = xml.replace(reg, &#39;$1\r\n$2$3&#39;);
        var pad = 0;
        jQuery.each(xml.split(&#39;\r\n&#39;), function(index, node) {
            var indent = 0;
            if (node.match( /.+&lt;\/\w[^&gt;]*&gt;$/ )) {
                indent = 0;
            } else if (node.match( /^&lt;\/\w/ )) {
                if (pad != 0) {
                    pad -= 1;
                }
            } else if (node.match( /^&lt;\w[^&gt;]*[^\/]&gt;.*$/ )) {
                indent = 1;
            } else {
                indent = 0;
            }
    			
            var padding = &#39;&#39;;
            for (var i = 0; i &lt; pad; i++) {
                padding += &#39;  &#39;;
            }

            formatted += padding + node + &#39;\r\n&#39;;
            pad += indent;
        });
        
        return formatted;
    }



I then call the function like this:

    jQuery(&#39;pre.formatted-xml&#39;).text(formatXml(&#39;&lt;root&gt;&lt;node1/&gt;&lt;/root&gt;&#39;));


This works perfectly fine for me but while I was writing the previous function I thought that there must be a better way. So my question is do you know of any better way given an XML string to pretty-print it in an html page? Any javascript frameworks and/or plugins that could do the job are welcome. My only requirement is this to be done on the client side.


  [1]: http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/struct/text.html#h-9.3.4

Pretty printing XML with javascript

I am looking for a nice way to pretty-print a `Map`.

`map.toString()` gives me: `{key1=value1, key2=value2, key3=value3}`

I want more freedom in my map entry values and am looking for something more like this: `key1=&quot;value1&quot;, key2=&quot;value2&quot;, key3=&quot;value3&quot;`

I wrote this little piece of code:

    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    Iterator&lt;Entry&lt;String, String&gt;&gt; iter = map.entrySet().iterator();
    while (iter.hasNext()) {
    	Entry&lt;String, String&gt; entry = iter.next();
    	sb.append(entry.getKey());
    	sb.append(&#39;=&#39;).append(&#39;&quot;&#39;);
    	sb.append(entry.getValue());
    	sb.append(&#39;&quot;&#39;);
    	if (iter.hasNext()) {
    		sb.append(&#39;,&#39;).append(&#39; &#39;);
    	}
    }
    return sb.toString();

But I am sure there is a more elegant and concise way to do this.

Pretty-print a Map in Java

How can I display JSON in an easy-to-read (for human readers) format? I&#39;m looking primarily for indentation and whitespace, with perhaps even colors / font-styles / etc.


pretty-print JSON using JavaScript

I&#39;m looking for recommendations for HTML pretty printers which fulfill the following requirements:

* Takes HTML as input, and then output a nicely formatted/correctly indented but &quot;graphically equivalent&quot; version of the given input HTML.
* Must support command-line operation.
* Must be open-source and run under Linux.


A command-line HTML pretty-printer: Making messy HTML readable

I am writing a batch script in order to beautify JavaScript code. It needs to work on both **Windows** and **Linux**. 

How can I beautify JavaScript code using the command line tools? 


How can I beautify JavaScript code using Command Line?

If I want to print a markdown file from GitHub as it appears on screen, for example:
https://github.com/RestKit/RestKit/blob/master/Docs/Object%20Mapping.md

Then how can I accomplish that? What code do I need to change in the resulting github html page (that I save) such that the printout will honor the look &amp; feel of the markdown?

So far the only clue I have is this one:
https://makandracards.com/makandra/4947-how-to-print-github-wiki-pages
But it is more of a utilitarian (non-programmatic) workaround which doesn&#39;t really work because the markdown interpreter in use isn&#39;t as forgiving as the one running on the GitHub websites so it fumbles.

How to print from GitHub

I like the pprint module in Python. I use it a lot for testing and debugging. I frequently use the width option to make sure the output fits nicely within my terminal window.

It has worked fine until they added the new [ordered dictionary type][1] in Python 2.7 (another cool feature I really like). If I try to pretty-print an ordered dictionary, it doesn&#39;t show nicely. Instead of having each key-value pair on its own line, the whole thing shows up on one long line, which wraps many times and is hard to read:

```
&gt;&gt;&gt; from collections import OrderedDict
&gt;&gt;&gt; o = OrderedDict([(&quot;aaaaa&quot;, 1), (&quot;bbbbbb&quot;, 2), (&quot;ccccccc&quot;, 3), (&quot;dddddd&quot;, 4), (&quot;eeeeee&quot;, 5), (&quot;ffffff&quot;, 6), (&quot;ggggggg&quot;, 7)])
&gt;&gt;&gt; import pprint
&gt;&gt;&gt; pprint.pprint(o)
OrderedDict([(&#39;aaaaa&#39;, 1), (&#39;bbbbbb&#39;, 2), (&#39;ccccccc&#39;, 3), (&#39;dddddd&#39;, 4), (&#39;eeeeee&#39;, 5), (&#39;ffffff&#39;, 6), (&#39;ggggggg&#39;, 7)])
```

Does anyone here have a way to make it print nicely, like the old unordered dictionaries? I could probably figure something out, possibly using the PrettyPrinter.format method, if I spend enough time, but I am wondering if anyone here already knows of a solution.

**UPDATE:** I filed a bug report for this. You can see it at http://bugs.python.org/issue10592.

  [1]: https://docs.python.org/3/library/collections.html#collections.OrderedDict

Any way to properly pretty-print OrderedDict?

I&#39;m fixing some PHP scripts and I&#39;m missing ruby&#39;s pretty printer. i.e.

    require &#39;pp&#39;
    arr = {:one =&gt; 1}
    pp arr

will output {:one =&gt; 1}. This even works with fairly complex objects and makes digging into an unknown script much easier. Is there some way to duplicate this functionality in PHP?

Is there a pretty print for PHP?

I have two functions, one which produces messages like `Starting initialization...` and another which checks return codes and outputs `&quot;Ok&quot;`, `&quot;Warning&quot;` or `&quot;Error&quot;`. However, the output that is produced is of the different length:

    Starting initialization...Ok.
    Checking init scripts...Ok.

How can I get something like the following?

    Starting initialization...       Ok.
    Checking init scripts...         Ok.




How to format strings using printf() to get equal length in the output

What is the clearest way to comma-delimit a list in Java?

I know several ways of doing it, but I&#39;m wondering what the best way is (where &quot;best&quot; means clearest and/or shortest, not the most efficient.

I have a list and I want to loop over it, printing each value.  I want to print a comma between each item, but not after the last one (nor before the first one).

    List --&gt; Item ( , Item ) *
    List --&gt; ( Item , ) * Item


Sample solution 1:

    boolean isFirst = true;
    for (Item i : list) {
      if (isFirst) {
        System.out.print(i);        // no comma
        isFirst = false;
      } else {
        System.out.print(&quot;, &quot;+i);   // comma
      }
    }

Sample solution 2 - create a sublist:

    if (list.size()&gt;0) {
      System.out.print(list.get(0));   // no comma
      List theRest = list.subList(1, list.size());
      for (Item i : theRest) {
        System.out.print(&quot;, &quot;+i);   // comma
      }
    }

Sample solution 3:

      Iterator&lt;Item&gt; i = list.iterator();
      if (i.hasNext()) {
        System.out.print(i.next());
        while (i.hasNext())
          System.out.print(&quot;, &quot;+i.next());
      }


These treat the first item specially; one could instead treat the last one specially.

Incidentally, here is how `List` `toString` *is* implemented (it&#39;s inherited from `AbstractCollection`), in Java 1.6:

    public String toString() {
        Iterator&lt;E&gt; i = iterator();
        if (! i.hasNext())
            return &quot;[]&quot;;
    
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append(&#39;[&#39;);
        for (;;) {
            E e = i.next();
            sb.append(e == this ? &quot;(this Collection)&quot; : e);
            if (! i.hasNext())
                return sb.append(&#39;]&#39;).toString();
            sb.append(&quot;, &quot;);
        }
    }

It exits the loop early to avoid the comma after the last item.  BTW: this is the first time I recall seeing &quot;(this Collection)&quot;; here&#39;s code to provoke it:

    List l = new LinkedList();
    l.add(l);
    System.out.println(l);


I welcome any solution, even if they use unexpected libraries (regexp?); and also solutions in languages other than Java (e.g. I think Python/Ruby have an *intersperse* function - how is *that* implemented?).

*Clarification*: by libraries, I mean the standard Java libraries.  For other libraries, I consider them with other languages, and interested to know how they&#39;re implemented.

*EDIT* toolkit mentioned a similar question: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/285523/last-iteration-of-for-loop-in-java

And another:
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/156650/does-the-last-element-in-a-loop-deserve-a-separate-treatment


The simplest way to comma-delimit a list?

I&#39;ve got some Java code with SQL statements written as Java strings (please no OR/M flamewars, the embedded SQL is what it is - not my decision).

I&#39;ve broken the SQL statements semantically into several concatenated strings over several lines of code for ease of maintenance. So instead of something like:

    String query = &quot;SELECT FOO, BAR, BAZ FROM ABC WHERE BAR &gt; 4&quot;;

I have something like:

    String query =
        &quot;SELECT FOO, BAR, BAZ&quot; +
        &quot;  FROM ABC          &quot; +
        &quot; WHERE BAR &gt; 4      &quot;;

This style makes the SQL much easier to read and maintain (IMHO), especially for larger queries. For example, I can put my editor into &quot;overwrite&quot; mode and modify the text in-place fairly easily.

**Note that this issue generalizes beyond the particular example of SQL. Any code that is written with any vertical formatting, particularly tabular constructs, is susceptible to destruction by a pretty printer.**

Now, some project members use the Eclipse editor and the semantic formatting is often destroyed when they format an entire source file.

**Is there a way to instruct Eclipse to ignore certain lines of source with respect to formatting?**

I&#39;m looking for something like a special comment that toggles the Eclipse formatter. Ideally, such a comment could be configurable to be whatever we choose, and other formatters could be programmed to respect it as well:

    // STOP-ECLIPSE-FORMATTING
    String query =
        &quot;SELECT FOO, BAR, BAZ&quot; +
        &quot;  FROM ABC          &quot; +
        &quot; WHERE BAR &gt; 4      &quot;;
    // START-ECLIPSE-FORMATTING

Obviously, one &quot;solution&quot; is to have our team members standardize on some external formatter like [Jalopy](http://www.triemax.com/products/jalopy/) or [JIndent](http://www.jindent.com/), but that&#39;s not what this question is about (also, not my decision on this project): I&#39;m specifically looking for a way to avoid the Eclipse formatter on an ad-hoc basis.

Ideally, a solution will allow me to insert instructions for the Eclipse formatter **without requiring team members using Eclipse to do any IDE reconfiguration** (other than possibly choosing a formatter agnostic command comment: `STOP-ECLIPSE-FORMATTING` &amp;rarr; `STOP-FORMATTING`).


How to turn off the Eclipse code formatter for certain sections of Java code?

What is the best way (or are the various ways) to pretty print XML in Python?

Pretty printing XML in Python

I have a Java String that contains XML, with no line feeds or indentations. I would like to turn it into a String with nicely formatted XML. How do I do this?

    String unformattedXml = &quot;&lt;tag&gt;&lt;nested&gt;hello&lt;/nested&gt;&lt;/tag&gt;&quot;;
    String formattedXml = new [UnknownClass]().format(unformattedXml);

Note: My input is a **String**. My output is a **String**. 

(Basic) mock result:

&lt;!-- lang-all: xml --&gt;

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;root&gt;
      &lt;tag&gt;
        &lt;nested&gt;hello&lt;/nested&gt;
      &lt;/tag&gt;
    &lt;/root&gt;

How to pretty print XML from Java?

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2614862/how-can-i-beautify-json-programmatically  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

I know how to generate JSON from an object using JSON.stringify, or in my case the handy jquery-json from google code (https://github.com/krinkle/jquery-json).  

Now this works fine, but the output is hard to read for humans.  Is there an easy way / function / whatever to output a neatly formatted json file?

This is what I mean:

    JSON.stringify({a:1,b:2,c:{d:1,e:[1,2]}}); 

gives..

    &quot;{&quot;a&quot;:1,&quot;b&quot;:2,&quot;c&quot;:{&quot;d&quot;:1,&quot;e&quot;:[1,2]}}&quot;

I&#39;d like something like this instead:

    {
     &quot;a&quot;:1,
     &quot;b&quot;:2,
     &quot;c&quot;:{
        &quot;d&quot;:1,
        &quot;e&quot;:[1,2]
     }
    }

E.g. with newlines and tabs added. It&#39;s much easier to read for larger documents.

I&#39;d like to do this ideally without adding any huge libraries - e.g. not prototype or YUI or whatever.  

Javascript: How to generate formatted easy-to-read JSON straight from an object?

I am using [lxml.html][1] to generate some HTML. I want to pretty print (with indentation) my final result into an html file. How do I do that?

This is what I have tried and got till now
    

    import lxml.html as lh
    from lxml.html import builder as E
    sliderRoot=lh.Element(&quot;div&quot;, E.CLASS(&quot;scroll&quot;), style=&quot;overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;&quot;)
    scrollContainer=lh.Element(&quot;div&quot;, E.CLASS(&quot;scrollContainer&quot;), style=&quot;width: 4340px;&quot;)
    sliderRoot.append(scrollContainer)
    print lh.tostring(sliderRoot, pretty_print = True, method=&quot;html&quot;)

As you can see I am using the `pretty_print=True` attribute. I thought that would give indented code, but it doesn&#39;t really help. This is the output :

`&lt;div style=&quot;overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden;&quot; class=&quot;scroll&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;width: 4340px;&quot; class=&quot;scrollContainer&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;`


  [1]: http://lxml.de/lxmlhtml.html

How to Pretty Print HTML to a file, with indentation

Do you know of any &quot;JSON Beautifier&quot; for JavaScript?

**From**

```json
{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Steve&quot;,&quot;surname&quot;:&quot;Jobs&quot;,&quot;company&quot;:&quot;Apple&quot;}
```

**To**

```json
{
  &quot;name&quot; : &quot;Steve&quot;,
  &quot;surname&quot; : &quot;Jobs&quot;,
  &quot;company&quot; : &quot;Apple&quot;
}
```

**Example**

```lang-js
some_magic(jsonObj); // return beautified JSON
```

How can I beautify JSON programmatically?

I&#39;m curious, whether there is any way to print formatted `numpy.arrays`, e.g., in a way similar to this:

    x = 1.23456
    print &#39;%.3f&#39; % x


If I want to print the `numpy.array` of floats, it prints several decimals, often in &#39;scientific&#39; format, which is rather hard to read even for low-dimensional arrays. However, `numpy.array` apparently has to be printed as a string, i.e., with `%s`. Is there a solution for this? 


How to pretty-print a numpy.array without scientific notation and with given precision?

I would like to have a single template that once and for all takes care of pretty-printing all STL containers via `operator&lt;&lt;`. In pseudo code, I&#39;m looking for something like this:

    template&lt;container C, class T, String delim = &quot;, &quot;, String open = &quot;[&quot;, String close = &quot;]&quot;&gt;
    std::ostream &amp; operator&lt;&lt;(std::ostream &amp; o, const C&lt;T&gt; &amp; x)
    {
        o &lt;&lt; open;
        // for (typename C::const_iterator i = x.begin(); i != x.end(); i++) /* Old-school */
        for (auto i = x.begin(); i != x.end(); i++)
        {
            if (i != x.begin()) o &lt;&lt; delim;
            o &lt;&lt; *i;
        }
        o &lt;&lt; close;
        return o;
    }

Now I&#39;ve seen plenty of template magic here on SO that I never thought possible, so I&#39;m wondering if anyone can suggest something that would match all containers `C&lt;T&gt;`. Maybe something trait-ish that can figure out if something has the necessary iterator?



Pretty-print C++ STL containers

### Wanted

A command line HTML5 beautifier running under Linux.

### Input

Garbled, ugly HTML5 code. Possibly the result of multiple templates. You don&#39;t love it, it doesn&#39;t love you.

### Output

Pure beauty. The code is nicely indented, has enough line breaks, cares for it&#39;s whitespace. Rather than viewing it in a webbrowser, you would like to display the code on your website directly.

### Suspects

- **tidy** does too much (heck, it alters my doctype!), and it doesn&#39;t work well with HTML5. Maybe there is a way to make it cooperate and not alter *anything*?
- **vim** does too little. It only indents. I want the program to add and remove line breaks, and to play with the whitespace inside of tags.

## DEAD OR ALIVE!

Wanted: Command line HTML5 beautifier

I have a text box and I want to display a C# object in it in a human-readable way, just for debugging reasons. I don&#39;t want to use external libraries if possible. How do I do this?

A way to pretty print a C# object

How do I pretty-print a JSON file in Python?

How to prettyprint a JSON file?

# Background #

I am using SQLite to access a database and retrieve the desired information. I&#39;m using ElementTree in Python version 2.6 to create an XML file with that information.

# Code #

    import sqlite3
    import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

    # NOTE: Omitted code where I acccess the database,
    # pull data, and add elements to the tree
    
    tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
    
    # Pretty printing to Python shell for testing purposes
    from xml.dom import minidom
    print minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml(indent = &quot;   &quot;)
    
    #######  Here lies my problem  #######
    tree.write(&quot;New_Database.xml&quot;)


# Attempts #

I&#39;ve tried using &lt;code&gt;tree.write(&quot;New_Database.xml&quot;, &quot;utf-8&quot;)&lt;/code&gt; in place of the last line of code above, but it did not edit the XML&#39;s layout at all - it&#39;s still a jumbled mess.

I also decided to fiddle around and tried doing:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;code&gt;tree = minidom.parseString(ET.tostring(root)).toprettyxml(indent = &quot;   &quot;)&lt;br&gt;&lt;/code&gt; instead of printing this to the Python shell, which gives the error &lt;b&gt;AttributeError: &#39;unicode&#39; object has no attribute &#39;write&#39;&lt;/b&gt;.

# Questions #

When I write my tree to an XML file on the last line, is there a way to pretty print to the XML file as it does to the Python shell?

Can I use &lt;code&gt;toprettyxml()&lt;/code&gt; here or is there a different way to do this?

How do I get Python&#39;s ElementTree to pretty print to an XML file?

I know how to do this in other languages, but not in C++, which I am forced to use here.

I have a set of strings (`keywords`) that I&#39;m printing to `out` as a list, and the strings need a comma between them, but not a trailing comma. In Java, for instance, I would use a `StringBuilder` and just delete the comma off the end after I&#39;ve built my string. How can I do it in C++?

    auto iter = keywords.begin();
	for (iter; iter != keywords.end( ); iter++ )
	{
		out &lt;&lt; *iter &lt;&lt; &quot;, &quot;;
	}
	out &lt;&lt; endl;

I initially tried inserting the following block to do it (moving the comma printing here):

    if (iter++ != keywords.end())
        out &lt;&lt; &quot;, &quot;;
    iter--;

How can I print a list of elements separated by commas?

I have a compact JSON string, and I want to format it nicely in Java without having to deserialize it first -- e.g. just like [jsonlint.org][1] does it.  Are there any libraries out there that provides this?

A similar solution for XML would also be nice.


  [1]: http://jsonlint.org


How do I pretty-print existing JSON data with Java?

Using the following simple code:

	package test;
	
	import java.io.*;
	import javax.xml.transform.*;
	import javax.xml.transform.stream.*;
	
	public class TestOutputKeys {
		public static void main(String[] args) throws TransformerException {
	
			// Instantiate transformer input
			Source xmlInput = new StreamSource(new StringReader(
					&quot;&lt;!-- Document comment --&gt;&lt;aaa&gt;&lt;bbb/&gt;&lt;ccc/&gt;&lt;/aaa&gt;&quot;));
			StreamResult xmlOutput = new StreamResult(new StringWriter());
	
			// Configure transformer
			Transformer transformer = TransformerFactory.newInstance()
					.newTransformer(); // An identity transformer
			transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.DOCTYPE_SYSTEM, &quot;testing.dtd&quot;);
			transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, &quot;yes&quot;);
			transformer.transform(xmlInput, xmlOutput);
	
			System.out.println(xmlOutput.getWriter().toString());
		}
	
	}

I get the output:

	&lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
	&lt;!-- Document comment --&gt;&lt;!DOCTYPE aaa SYSTEM &quot;testing.dtd&quot;&gt;

	&lt;aaa&gt;
	&lt;bbb/&gt;
	&lt;ccc/&gt;
	&lt;/aaa&gt;

Question A: The doctype tag appears after the document comment. Is it possible to make it appear before the document comment?

Question B: How do I achieve indentation, using only the JavaSE 5.0 API?
This question is essentially identical to &lt;a href=&quot;https://stackoverflow.com/questions/139076/how-to-pretty-print-xml-from-java&quot;&gt;How to pretty-print xml from java&lt;/a&gt;, __however__ almost all answers in that question depend on external libraries. The only applicable answer (posted by a user named Lorenzo Boccaccia) which only uses java&#39;s api, is basically equal to the code posted above, but does not work for me (as shown in the output, i get no indentation).

I am guessing that you have to set the amount of spaces to use for indentation, as many of the answers with external libraries do, but I just cannot find where to specify that in the java api. Given the fact that the possibility to set an indentation property to &quot;yes&quot; exists in the java api, it must be possible to perform indentation somehow. I just can&#39;t figure out how.

All Pretty Print Solutions on Gang of Coders

Total of 45 Pretty Print Solutions