What problem do MOM (Message Oriented Middleware) solve? Scalability? Integration?

In which domain are they typically used and in which domains are they typically *not* used?

For example, say, is Google using such solution for it&#39;s main search engine or to power GMail?

What about big websites like Walmart, eBay, FedEx (pretty much a Java shop) and buy.com (pretty much an MS shop)? Does MOM solve a need there?

Does it make any sense when you&#39;re writing a Webapp where you control the server-side and have an homogenous environment (say tens of Amazon EC2 instances all running Linux + Java JVMs) there and where the clients are, well, Web browsers?

Does it make sense for desktop apps that need to communicate with a server?

Or is it &#39;only&#39; for big enterprise stuff where you typically have a happy mix of countless of different systems that needs to communicate in a way or another?  

I&#39;m a bit confused as to what they&#39;re useful for and I think that with example of where they&#39;re appropriate and where they&#39;re not appropriate I could better understand their use.


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In which domains are message oriented middleware like AMQP useful?