Using `&amp;` is fine for short commands, but that single line can get very long very quick. When that happens, switch to multi-line syntax.

    FOR /r %%X IN (*.txt) DO (
        ECHO %%X
        DEL %%X
    )
Placement of `(` and `)` matters. The round brackets after `DO` must be placed on the same line, otherwise the batch file will be incorrect.

See `if /?|find /V &quot;&quot;` for details.

    FOR /r %%X IN (*) DO (ECHO %%X &amp; DEL %%X)

SilverSkin and Anders are both correct. You can use parentheses to execute multiple commands. However, you have to make sure that the commands themselves (and their parameters) do not contain parentheses. `cmd` greedily searches for the first closing parenthesis, instead of handling nested sets of parentheses gracefully. This may cause the rest of the command line to fail to parse, or it may cause some of the parentheses to get passed to the commands (e.g. `DEL myfile.txt)`).

A workaround for this is to split the body of the loop into a separate function. Note that you probably need to jump around the function body to avoid &quot;falling through&quot; into it.

    FOR /r %%X IN (*.txt) DO CALL :loopbody %%X
    REM Don&#39;t &quot;fall through&quot; to :loopbody.
    GOTO :EOF

    :loopbody
    ECHO %1
    DEL %1
    GOTO :EOF


Oh C++ gurus, I seek thy wisdom. Speak standardese to me and tell my if C++ guarantees that the following program:

    #include &lt;iostream&gt;
    using namespace std;

    struct A
    {
    	A() { cout &lt;&lt; &quot;A::A&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; }
    	~A() { cout &lt;&lt; &quot;A::~&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; }
    };
    
    struct B
    {
    	B() { cout &lt;&lt; &quot;B::B&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; }
    	~B() { cout &lt;&lt; &quot;B::~&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; }
    };
    
    struct C
    {
    	C() { cout &lt;&lt; &quot;C::C&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; }
    	~C() { cout &lt;&lt; &quot;C::~&quot; &lt;&lt; endl; }
    };
    
    struct Aggregate
    {
    	A a;
    	B b;
    	C c;
    };
    
    int main()
    {
    	Aggregate a;
    	return 0;
    }

will always produce

    A::A
    B::B
    C::C
    C::~
    B::~
    A::~

In other words, are members guaranteed to be initialized by order of declaration and destroyed in reverse order?

Order of member constructor and destructor calls

I&#39;ve got a layer with some complex drawing code in its -drawInContext: method. I&#39;m trying to minimize the amount of drawing I need to do, so I&#39;m using -setNeedsDisplayInRect: to update just the changed parts. This is working splendidly. However, when the graphics system updates my layer, it&#39;s transitioning from the old to the new image using a cross-fade. I&#39;d like it to switch over instantly.

I&#39;ve tried using CATransaction to turn off actions and set the duration to zero, and neither work. Here&#39;s the code I&#39;m using:

	[CATransaction begin];
	[CATransaction setDisableActions: YES];
	[self setNeedsDisplayInRect: rect];
	[CATransaction commit];

Is there a different method on CATransaction I should use instead (I also tried -setValue:forKey: with kCATransactionDisableActions, same result).


Disabling implicit animations in -[CALayer setNeedsDisplayInRect:]

Is it possible in Windows batch file to call more than one command in a **single** `FOR` loop? Let&#39;s say for example I want to print the file name and after delete it:

    @ECHO OFF
    FOR /r %%X IN (*.txt) DO (ECHO %%X DEL %%X)
    REM the line above is invalid syntax.

I know in this case I could solve it by doing two distinct FOR loops: one for showing the name and one for deleting the file, but is it possible to do it in one loop only?


Windows batch: call more than one command in a FOR loop?

Is it possible in Windows batch file to call more than one command in a single <code>FOR</code> loop? Let's say for example I want to print the file name and after delete it:
<pre><code class="hljs language-vbnet">@ECHO OFF
FOR /r %%X IN (*.txt) DO (ECHO %%X DEL %%X)
REM the line above is invalid syntax.
</code></pre>
I know in this case I could solve it by doing two distinct FOR loops: one for showing the name and one for deleting the file, but is it possible to do it in one loop only?

Suppose I want to distribute a Java application.

Suppose I want to distribute it as a single executable. I could easily build a .jar with both the application and all its external dependencies in a single file (with some Ant hacking).

Now suppose I want to distribute it as an .exe file on Windows. That&#39;s easy enough, given the nice tools out there (such as Launch4j and the likes).

But suppose now that I also don&#39;t want to depend on the end user having the right JRE (or any JRE at all for that matter) installed. I want to distribute a JRE with my app, and my app should run on this JRE. It&#39;s easy enough to create a Windows installer executable, and embed a folder with all necessary JRE files in it. But then I&#39;m distributing an &lt;i&gt;installer&lt;/i&gt; and not a single-file app.

Is there a way to embed both the application, &lt;i&gt;and&lt;/i&gt; a JRE, into an .exe file acting as the application launcher (and not as an installer)?

Embed a JRE in a Windows executable?

I thought `fsync()` does `fflush()` internally, so using `fsync()` on a stream is OK. But I am getting an unexpected result when executed under network I/O.

My code snippet:

    FILE* fp = fopen(file, &quot;wb&quot;);
    /* multiple fputs() calls like: */
    fputs(buf, fp);
    ...
    ...
    fputs(buf.c_str(), fp);
    /* get fd of the FILE pointer */
    fd = fileno(fp);
    #ifndef WIN32
    ret = fsync(fd);
    #else
    ret = _commit(fd);
    fclose(fp);

But it seems `_commit()` is not flushing the data (I tried on Windows and the data was written on a Linux exported filesystem).

When I changed the code to be:

    FILE* fp = fopen(file, &quot;wb&quot;);
    /* multiple fputs() calls like: */
    fputs(buf, fp);   
    ...   
    ...
    fputs(buf.c_str(), fp);
    /* fflush the data */
    fflush(fp);
    fclose(fp);

it flushes the data.

I am wondering if `_commit()` does the same thing as `fflush()`. Any inputs?

Difference between fflush and fsync

Is there a command-line based version of `svn` for Windows? I know I can get TortoiseSVN, but that just doesn&#39;t work for me.

Command-line svn for Windows?

Is there a &quot;proper&quot; way to clear the console window in C, besides using `system(&quot;cls&quot;)`?

How do you clear the console screen in C?

Could you please explain to me the `WINAPI` word in the `WinMain()` function?

In the simplest way.. 

    #include &lt;windows.h&gt;
    
    int --&gt;WINAPI&lt;-- WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, 
        LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
    {
        MessageBox(NULL, &quot;Goodbye, cruel world!&quot;, &quot;Note&quot;, MB_OK);
        return 0;
    }

Is it just some Windows funky mode?

What does it do?  Or rather what is this C++ feature I haven&#39;t encountered yet?

What does &quot;WINAPI&quot; in main function mean?

I need to assign the output of a program to a variable using a MS batch file.

So in GNU Bash shell I would use `VAR=$(application arg0 arg1)`. I need a similar behavior in Windows using a batch file.

Something like `set VAR=application arg0 arg1`.

Assign output of a program to a variable using a MS batch file

I need to test if a variable is set or not.  I&#39;ve tried several techniques but they seem to fail whenever `%1` is surrounded by quotes such as the case when `%1` is `&quot;c:\some path with spaces&quot;`.

    IF NOT %1 GOTO MyLabel // This is invalid syntax
    IF &quot;%1&quot; == &quot;&quot; GOTO MyLabel // Works unless %1 has double quotes which fatally kills bat execution
    IF %1 == GOTO MyLabel // Gives an unexpected GOTO error.

According to [this site][1], these are the supported `IF` syntax types. So, I don&#39;t see a way to do it.

    IF [NOT] ERRORLEVEL number command
    IF [NOT] string1==string2 command
    IF [NOT] EXIST filename command

UPDATE: on 2020-10-25, I updated the accepted answer from using brackets to using a tilde.  Everyone says the tilde is better as it&#39;s more secure.  I&#39;m a little torn cause the tilde looks more complicated and is less clear as to what it&#39;s purpose is but nevertheless, I changed it.

  [1]: http://www.computerhope.com/if.htm

What is the proper way to test if a parameter is empty in a batch file?

I need to execute a command 100-200 times, and so far my research indicates that I would either have to copy/paste 100 copies of this command, OR use a `for` loop, but the `for` loop expects a list of items, hence I would need 200 files to operate on, or a list of 200 items, defeating the point.

I would rather not have to write a C program and go through the length of documenting why I had to write another program to execute my program for test purposes. Modification of my program itself is also not an option.

**So, given a command, `a`, how would I execute it `N` times via a batch script?**

*Note: I don&#39;t want an infinite loop*

For example, here is what it would look like in Javascript:

```js
var i;
for (i = 0; i &lt; 100; i++) {
  console.log( i );
} 
```

**What would it look like in a batch script running on Windows?**

Batch script loop

A windows batch file (`called.bat` or `called.cmd`) can be called from another batch file (`caller.bat` or `caller.cmd`) or interactive cmd.exe prompt in several ways:

 1. direct call: `called.bat`
 2. using call command: `call called.bat`
 3. using cmd command: `cmd /c called.bat`
 4. using start command: `start called.bat`

I&#39;m quite in trouble to differentiate their intended usage based on their help text: when to use which one? e.g. why I might use &#39;call&#39; command instead of direct call. What&#39;s different?

I&#39;m interested on some summary report that analyze all 4 possibilities (and others if any missing) from various point of views: recommended use cases for which they are designed to fit, process spawning, execution context, environment, return code processing.

Note: I&#39;m using Windows XP SP3.

Several ways to call a windows batch file from another one or from prompt. Which one in which case?

I have created an executable `.jar` file. How can I execute the `.jar` using a batch-file without mentioning a class path?

Run .jar from batch-file

**Question:**
How to use ssh &amp; scp from the Windows command prompt?

I remember I installed a program in the past that let me do this but can&#39;t remember now what it was. 

**Note:**
I do not want to use putty. 

Use ssh from Windows command prompt

How do i clear the MySQL screen, which I opened through the MySQL Command Line Client?

The operating system is Windows XP.

How to clear the MySQL screen opened through the MySQL Command Line Client on Windows XP

I have to create a `.BAT` file that does this:

 1. If `C:\myprogram\sync\data.handler` exists, exit;
 2. If `C:\myprogram\html\data.sql` does not exist, exit;
 3. In `C:\myprogram\sync\` delete all files and folders except (`test`, `test3` and `test2`)
 4. Copy `C:\myprogram\html\data.sql` to `C:\myprogram\sync\`
 5. Call other batch file with option `sync.bat myprogram.ini`.

If it was in the Bash environment it was easy for me, but I do not know how to test if a file or folder exists and if it is a file or folder.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Marco Demaio	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Windows	Anders	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Windows	Kalle	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Windows	bk1e	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Windows batch: call more than one command in a FOR loop?

Windows Problem Overview

Windows Solutions

Solution 1 - Windows

Solution 2 - Windows

Solution 3 - Windows

Disabling implicit animations in -[CALayer setNeedsDisplayInRect:]

Order of member constructor and destructor calls

Attributions