Why does "return list.sort()" return None, not the list?

I've been able to verify that the findUniqueWords does result in a sorted list. However, it does not return the list. Why?

def findUniqueWords(theList):
    newList = []
    words = []

    # Read a line at a time
    for item in theList:

        # Remove any punctuation from the line
        cleaned = cleanUp(item)

        # Split the line into separate words
        words = cleaned.split()

        # Evaluate each word
        for word in words:

            # Count each unique word
            if word not in newList:
                newList.append(word)

    answer = newList.sort()
    return answer

list.sort sorts the list in place, i.e. it doesn't return a new list. Just write

newList.sort()
return newList

The problem is here:

answer = newList.sort()

sort does not return the sorted list; rather, it sorts the list in place.

Use:

answer = sorted(newList)

Here is an email from Guido van Rossum in Python's dev list explaining why he choose not to return self on operations that affects the object and don't return a new one.

> This comes from a coding style (popular in various other languages, I believe especially Lisp revels in it) where a series of side effects on a single object can be chained like this: > > x.compress().chop(y).sort(z) > > which would be the same as > x.compress() x.chop(y) x.sort(z)

> I find the chaining form a threat to readability; it requires that the reader must be intimately familiar with each of the methods. The second form makes it clear that each of these calls acts on the same object, and so even if you don't know the class and its methods very well, you can understand that the second and third call are applied to x (and that all calls are made for their side-effects), and not to something else. > > I'd like to reserve chaining for operations that return new values, like string processing operations: > > y = x.rstrip("\n").split(":").lower()

Python has two kinds of sorts: a sort method (or "member function") and a sort function. The sort method operates on the contents of the object named -- think of it as an action that the object is taking to re-order itself. The sort function is an operation over the data represented by an object and returns a new object with the same contents in a sorted order.

Given a list of integers named l the list itself will be reordered if we call l.sort():

>>> l = [1, 5, 2341, 467, 213, 123]
>>> l.sort()
>>> l
[1, 5, 123, 213, 467, 2341]

This method has no return value. But what if we try to assign the result of l.sort()?

>>> l = [1, 5, 2341, 467, 213, 123]
>>> r = l.sort()
>>> print(r)
None

r now equals actually nothing. This is one of those weird, somewhat annoying details that a programmer is likely to forget about after a period of absence from Python (which is why I am writing this, so I don't forget again).

The function sorted(), on the other hand, will not do anything to the contents of l, but will return a new, sorted list with the same contents as l:

>>> l = [1, 5, 2341, 467, 213, 123]
>>> r = sorted(l)
>>> l
[1, 5, 2341, 467, 213, 123]
>>> r
[1, 5, 123, 213, 467, 2341]

Be aware that the returned value is not a deep copy, so be cautious about side-effecty operations over elements contained within the list as usual:

>>> spam = [8, 2, 4, 7]
>>> eggs = [3, 1, 4, 5]
>>> l = [spam, eggs]
>>> r = sorted(l)
>>> l
[[8, 2, 4, 7], [3, 1, 4, 5]]
>>> r
[[3, 1, 4, 5], [8, 2, 4, 7]]
>>> spam.sort()
>>> eggs.sort()
>>> l
[[2, 4, 7, 8], [1, 3, 4, 5]]
>>> r
[[1, 3, 4, 5], [2, 4, 7, 8]]

Python habitually returns None from functions and methods that mutate the data, such as list.sort, list.append, and random.shuffle, with the idea being that it hints to the fact that it was mutating.

If you want to take an iterable and return a new, sorted list of its items, use the sorted builtin function.

To understand why it does not return the list:

sort() doesn't return any value while the sort() method just sorts the elements of a given list in a specific order - ascending or descending without returning any value.

So problem is with answer = newList.sort() where answer is none.

Instead you can just do return newList.sort().

The syntax of the sort() method is:

list.sort(key=..., reverse=...)

Alternatively, you can also use Python's in-built function sorted() for the same purpose.

sorted(list, key=..., reverse=...)

Note: The simplest difference between sort() and sorted() is: sort() doesn't return any value while, sorted() returns an iterable list.

So in your case answer = sorted(newList).

A small piece of wisdom which I didn't see in other answers:

All methods for mutable objects in python (like lists) which modify the list return None. So, for lists this also includes list.append(), list.reverse(), etc. That's why the syntax should be

myList.sort()

Meanwhile, methods for any immutable object (like strings) must be assigned like so:

myString = myString.strip()

> you can use sorted() method if you want it to return the sorted list. > It's more convenient.

l1 = []
n = int(input())

for i in range(n):
  user = int(input())
  l1.append(user)
sorted(l1,reverse=True)

> list.sort() method modifies the list in-place and returns None.

if you still want to use sort you can do this.

l1 = []
n = int(input())

for i in range(n):
  user = int(input())
  l1.append(user)
l1.sort(reverse=True)
print(l1)