Why do Vim experts prefer buffers over tabs?

I don't understand buffers. When I open 3 files on the same tab and close my window, I'm generally annoyed to find out next time I open one of those files that there are strange swap files lingering and giving me pesky messages. But time and time again I read that these things are the productivity nirvana I'm missing out on and that tabs were made for the plebeians to use.

So I ask you, the Vim expert: what are the advantages of using buffers over tabs? I don't see how the difference could be profoundly different, but I would consider myself only at the beginner-intermediate level at operating Vim. Is :ls :b# really that much faster than gting around? I feel it must go deeper than this.

As ZyX said on #vim, this question sounds like "Why do Vim experts prefer tasty over warm?".

"Vim experts" don't prefer buffers over tabs: they use buffers as the file proxies they are and tab pages as the workspaces they are. Buffers and tab pages have different purposes so preferring one to the other makes no sense whatsoever.

The issue with buffers and tabs is one of confusion, caused by a combination of independent facts.

1. Most "modern" text editors and IDEs use a tab metaphor to represent loaded files. That metaphor acts as an information system — it shows the user what files are opened and their state — and as an interactive device — it allows the user to manipulate (reorder, select, close…) those opened files. Despite their many limitations, tabs are everywhere and people are used to them and expect them everywhere.

2. Vim introduced tab pages in 7.0 as a way for its users to create ad-hoc "workspaces". Nothing in their features, their specific options, their specific commands or their :help sections suggests that tab pages could or should be used as file proxies.

   Nothing except the name and the appearance of "tab pages", of course, which leads to much confusion.

3. Without :set hidden, which is disabled by default and not very easy to find, Vim makes it impossible to switch to another buffer without writing the current one or abandoning its changes. New users, unaware of that option, have no choice but to turn to heavy windows use or to the closest "tab-like" feature they can find: tab pages.

"Tab page" is an unfortunate name choice for that feature, especially in an era dominated by the idea that reading documentation is a waste of time.

In Vim, tab pages are an abstraction built on top of windows, themselves an abstraction built on top of buffers. Each new level adds useful features but restricts your workflow.

The "buffer way"

With a buffer-based workflow, the files you are working with are distributed along a single dimension. You can cycle through your buffers, you can access a specific buffer by typing part of its name (with completion) or its number, you can alternate between buffers, you can target them pretty easily. There's basically no friction.

1. Eight buffers open, only one visible:

   

2. Switching by number:

   

3. Switching by name:

   

Buffers are Vim's file-proxies. If you think in terms of files, you think in terms of buffers.

The "window way"

With a window-based workflow, your "files" are both distributed along the same single "virtual" dimension as they would if you only used buffers and along two other "physical" dimensions. But the cartesian spaces in which those dimensions are found are almost completely separated: moving to another buffer still means "moving to another file" but moving to another window doesn't. The buffer that corresponds to the desired file may be displayed in that window but it could also be displayed in another one, maybe in another tab page, or not at all.

With windows, navigating between open files either becomes too complex or too simplistic, even with 'switchbuf' and :sb. Mostly because you are forced to use two sets of commands for what is essentially the same thing: accessing a buffer.

Windows have their use, as described below, but they don't have what it takes to replace buffers in anybody's workflow.

Here I am working on a Vim colorscheme. The two windows are different views of the same buffer: the top one serves as reference, with a table of the color codes used in the colorscheme, and the bottom one is where I work:

Windows are not designed as file-proxies and can't be made into ones: they are "containers" or "viewports" designed to offer you a view into a buffer. No more, no less.

The "tab way"

With a tab-based workflow, you essentially try to mimic the user experience you are used to from your previous editor while completely ignoring the very nature of Vim's tab pages. If we forget for a moment that this strategy is generally very unproductive, it is also impossible, just like with windows, to force Vim to adhere to that "one file = one tab" paradigm without losing a lot of flexibility.

Still working with the same files as above, the tabline takes up a significant space for virtually no benefit. All my files and all my tabs are called javascript*.vim so I can't do 3gt and be confident I'll end up at the right place and it is impossible to reach a specific tab by name. Add to that the fact that its label can very well be the very unhelpful but perfectly logical [Quickfix List]… Since there is no practical way to tie a file/buffer to a tab page, you are basically left with only one practical way to navigate between tab pages/buffers/files: cycling.

And yeah, my tabline is clobbered with only 8 tabs, imagine if I had 20!

1. Eight buffers open in eight tab pages (wrong)

   

2. Two tabs for two specific tasks (right)

   

Tab pages are "containers" or "viewports" designed to contain one or more windows, themselves also "containers" designed to contain buffers.

In conclusion

"Vim experts" (let's assume I can speak as if I was one) don't prefer buffers over tabs: they just use Vim as it was designed and are perfectly comfortable with that design:

• "Vim experts" have 2, 30 or 97 buffers loaded and are very happy they don't have to deal with spatial distribution;

• when they need to compare two files or work in one part of the current buffer while keeping another as a reference, "Vim experts" use windows because that's how they are meant to be used;

• when they need to work for a while on a separate part of the project without messing with their current view, "Vim experts" load a brand new tab page.

I used to keep every buffer in a separate tab, but I grew tired of constantly gt and gT-ing around everywhere.

I also felt that buffers were too difficult to manage.

Here are some techniques that totally changed my earlier opinion:

• Buffer management: :b. You get surprisingly fast at this. See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16082991/vim-switching-between-files-rapidly
• Jump/Change lists (ctrl o/i and g;)
• Alternate file (^)
• tpope's Unimpaired plugin. Convenient mappings for flying through your buffers (among others).

Here is my typical workflow:

• Open Vim, and use :e (usually with a regex like :e src/**/F*Bar.js) to open a buffer
• Realize I need to open another file. Use :e for that as well. If I want to toggle between this buffer and the currently open buffer I will use :sp or :vsp to open it in a separate window.
• Repeat until I've got the 3-5 files that I will be switching between using the techniques in the above bulleted list to fly between your buffers.
• If I want to "start over" with my buffers, just close Vim and re-open.

I felt that after a week or so of forcing these new patterns, it became much easier to visualize which buffers I had open, and how to get to any one of them in only a few automatic strokes.

The downside of tabs is that you can only see the contents of one at a time. So if you use them like in a browser, you're losing out on viewing multiple buffers side by side, or even viewing separate parts of the same file in splits. Therefore, many recommend to use tabs only to segregate different workspaces (e.g. have one for a Java project, another for a todo list, a third to hack on a script on the side).

The problems you describe make it appear that you're using Vim wrong. Either have (mostly) a single, dedicated instance. Then, buffers that become hidden will simply "reappear" if you re-edit them (and you can now use the buffer list to recall them), and there won't be swap file messages. Or, use separate Vim instances per project / file / edit session, but then make it a habit to fully :quit each instance when you're done with the file.

Tosses 2c into the pile.

TLDR; :b *part-of-filename* is the best way to find a file you need in the buffer list i.e. it is FASTER and has LESS cognitive load than buffer numbers, tabs, or windows for tracking files.

It's nothing for me to have 30 buffers open (I.e. I haven't been housekeeping), and the beauty of buffers used-well is that it doesn't slow me down at all. In fact, it speeds things up when four days after I opened the file I need it, call :b *part-of-filename* and it magically appears, impressing co-workers and toady collectivists alike.

Buffers are for files.

To be effective:

• Open an important first file from a devilishly well chosen root directory
• Open subsequent files with :e
• Use ls ALL the time when you first start to get a good mental model (you can't grok what you can't see, mentally or literally)
• Never :q, it blows
• Enter :b into your muscle memory
• :b1 is good for the first file you know you opened, otherwise numbers and letters get clumsy quick
• :b# is good for switching to your last file, which is a common need
• :bd# is good for when you've switched to a temp file, done what you needed to do, switched back with :b#, and now want to close that temp file
• :b *part-of-filename* is otherwise the best way to find a file you need in the list i.e. it is FASTER and has LESS cognitive load than buffer numbers, tabs, or windows for tracking files.

The only annoyance of :b *part-of-filename* is that sometimes you haven't opened the file yet, and you need to go back and :e path/to/full-filename first.

Tabs are for differentiating truly unrelated files.

Or keeping a particular windows layout handy (disclaimer: I've never used it for this myself).

Or for files rarely used, but predictably needed. For me, that's usually a commitMessage file that I annotate as I work so I don't have to do too much thinking when it comes time to make a commit. gt is faster than :b com<enter> (if you're feeling lucky, otherwise :b com<tab><enter>)

• :tabe commitMessage
• gt or gT also a muscle memory favorite

Window splits are for visually comparing information

Or having immediate access to important information (truthfully, unless that info is somehow something I need to live update with :e i.e. a log file, I usually just pull the content into the current file and deal with it there).

• :vsp or C-w v opens a vertical split i.e. left | right, then use :b or :e to get the file you want
• :sp or C-w s open a horizontal split i.e. top / bottom
• C-w C-w i.e. double Ctrl-w, rotates you around the available windows
• C-w c close current window
• C-w o close all other windows, keep current ONLY

Another tip, when using the buffer name as the argument to :buffer, you don't have to specify entire names. However, if more than one buffer matches the given argument, the buffers won't be switched.

Any fragment of the buffer name can be used to match. For example, if you have the buffers request_manager.java and queue_manager.java then :buffer que or :b que matches both of them, but will switch to queue_manager.java as it matches at the beginning.

I use tabs, Ctrl-P and Vim sessions in my workflow and have for over a year now:

• I have ) and ( mapped to "go to next tab" and "go to previous tab" respectively. tn opens a new tab. I also make use of tabm to help keep things organized.

• I use Vim sessions for groups of files relating to the current story/bug I'm working on, usually done by category. These sessions get overwritten during the course of the process.

• I have yet to find anything better than Ctrl-P, but it does take a bit to process all the files for finding.

Tabs and Buffers are two different standards in Vi. Read these three definitions:

A buffer is the in-memory text of a file
A window is a viewport on a buffer.
A tab page is a collection of windows.

Read this article for more https://joshldavis.com/2014/04/05/vim-tab-madness-buffers-vs-tabs/

I load "selected" buffers as tabs to quickly (TAB/S-TAB) toggle between them. The framework of workspaces fits here as for me buffers VS tabs is mostly the visibility thing. I can pop important/work files in windows and tabs and hide the ones I don't currently need to utilize in the background on the fly without having to remember paths or take time to search and load them up again once the need arises. This allows for handling several tasks or projects in one VIM session, I guess this used to be important in low-memory machines but is also good for concentrating all editing tasks under one application frame. I also have buffer shifting shortcuts set to Ctrl-Right/Left so I can quickly shift through various buffers as well.

Bottom line, one can only split up to some windows for his uses as much as screen estate goes, but one can hold multiple windows settings in several tabs thus expanding one's workspace and improving workflow allowing the convenient division of complicated tasks revolving more than one file.

For the swap files, you can tell VIM to keep all of them in one folder of your designation. For this use :set directory.

I would like to suggest a brillent implementation from a good number of years ago: kien/tabman.vim. It clarifies the following:

• One can have as many buffers that are carefully hidden, somewhere;
• By design, tabs are meant to display bufferes in creative ways.
  • With some proper tabline plugin, one can display all the hidden buffers at the top row (tabline);
  • Per my experience with vim-airline, the tabline will show very few relevant information when I create a new tab.
  • Two tags will occupy the tabline slot, side by side, wasting the rest of the horizontal spaces
  • Worst still, I no longer have any idea of what are the buffers that are hidden.

It has been a wonderful rediscovery of this magic plugin, which should have been staying in my Vim configuration for a good number of years as well. While I would continue to look for some thing that also displays all the hidden buffers, TabMan is my superman when it comes to having a bird's eye view of how buffers were arranged across different tabs.

Add these to your .vimrc and start loving buffers:

:nnoremap <Tab> :n<cr>
:nnoremap <S-Tab> :N<cr>

That way you can cycle forward/backward through them in normal mode via Tab/ShiftTab.