On Linux it uses GTK+, on Mac OS X Cocoa, and on Windows a custom views library, see &lt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsvNebq1dRg&gt; and also documents from &lt;http://dev.chromium.org&gt;:

- &lt;http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/chromeviews&gt;
- &lt;http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/views-windowing&gt;

As of May 2014 Google Chrome uses it&#39;s own custom UI stack called [Aura](http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/aura). This is currently the case for all platforms except OSX.

References:

* [PSA: Aura Plans](https://groups.google.com/a/chromium.org/forum/#!topic/chromium-dev/UMwGGgP0P9c)
* [Google Replacing GTK2 With Aura in Chrome 35](http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=MTYyNzQ)

You probably want their document entitled &quot;[Conventions and patterns for multi-platform development][1].&quot; Your answer is

    Mac -&gt; Cocoa,
    Linux -&gt; GTK,
    Windows -&gt; Their own custom &quot;Windows Views&quot;

You&#39;ll also see have an experimental &quot;GTK Views&quot;, so it sounds like they&#39;re aiming for their own abstraction?

  [1]: http://dev.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/conventions-and-patterns-for-multi-platform-development &quot;Conventions and patterns for multi-platform development&quot;

On Windows [WTL][1] for the (well...) chrome, and WebKit for the HTML rendering.


  [1]: http://www.hanselman.com/blog/TheWeeklySourceCode33MicrosoftOpenSourceInsideGoogleChrome.aspx

WTL on Windows, as Shay said. All UI in the Mac and Linux versions is being written from scratch in Cocoa and GTK+ respectively. Only the logic (and WebKit, which renders the web pages) is fully cross-platform.

Is it possible for me to create and use a **database table** that contains no **:id** column in ActiveRecord, Ruby on Rails.

I don&#39;t merely want to ignore the **id column**, but I wish it to be absolutely non-existent. 

    Table Example
    
    :key_column                         :value_column
    0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661    0cc175b9c0f1b6a831c399e269772661
    4a8a08f09d37b73795649038408b5f33    0d61f8370cad1d412f80b84d143e1257
    92eb5ffee6ae2fec3ad71c777531578f    9d5ed678fe57bcca610140957afab571
    
Any more info ( like an :id_column ) would break the whole feature.

How would I implement something like this in rails?

Create an ActiveRecord database table with no :id column?

I have some code where I use a thread static object in C#.

    [ThreadStatic]
    private DataContext connection 

I was wondering, in this case, what if any change would I get if I put the static modifier on the thread static context?

    [ThreadStatic]
    private static DataContext connection 

With the first would there be one copy of the context per instance per thread, with the other only one copy per thread?

ThreadStatic Modified with Static C#

What GUI library does Google Chrome use? 



Which GUI library does Google Chrome use?

<p>What GUI library does Google Chrome use?</p>


I want to make some graphical dialogs for my script but don&#39;t know how.
I hear something about GTK-Server or something like that.
If someone knows how to link Bash with tcl/tk I also be satisfied.

Please do not post something like &quot;change to C++&quot; because my project
must be a script in Bash; there are no other options.

Any ideas?

**EDIT:** 
Thanks for answers but I don&#39;t want &quot;graphics&quot; as in colors in the console, but graphical windows which I can move, minimize etc.
I will test `xmessage`, but I don&#39;t think that will be what I am searching for.

**EDIT 2:**
I don&#39;t want make a simple dialog like yes/no, but some interface like progress bars and buttons, something like a game.

How to make a GUI for bash scripts?

In many applications, we have some progress bar for a file download, for a compression task, for a search, etc. We all often use progress bars to let users know something is happening. And if we know some details like just how much work has been done and how much is left to do, we can even give a time estimate, often by extrapolating from how much time it&#39;s taken to get to the current progress level.

[![compression ETA screenshot][1]][1]  
&lt;sub&gt;(source: [jameslao.com](http://jameslao.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/winrar-progress-bar.png))&lt;/sub&gt;  


But we&#39;ve also seen programs which this Time Left &quot;ETA&quot; display is just comically bad. It claims a file copy will be done in 20 seconds, then one second later it says it&#39;s going to take 4 days, then it flickers again to be 20 minutes.  It&#39;s not only unhelpful, it&#39;s confusing!
The reason the ETA varies so much is that the progress rate itself can vary and the programmer&#39;s math can be overly sensitive.


Apple sidesteps this by just avoiding any accurate prediction and just giving vague estimates! 
[![Apple&#39;s vague evasion][2]][2]  
&lt;sub&gt;(source: [autodesk.com][3])&lt;/sub&gt;  

That&#39;s annoying too, do I have time for a quick break, or is my task going to be done in 2 more seconds? If the prediction is too fuzzy, it&#39;s pointless to make any prediction at all.

**Easy but wrong methods**

As a first pass ETA computation, probably we all just make a function like if p is the fractional percentage that&#39;s done already, and t is the time it&#39;s taken so far, we output t*(1-p)/p as the estimate of how long it&#39;s going to take to finish.  This simple ratio works &quot;OK&quot; but it&#39;s also terrible especially at the end of computation. If your slow download speed keeps a copy slowly advancing happening overnight, and finally in the morning, something kicks in and the copy starts going at full speed at 100X faster, your ETA at 90% done may say &quot;1 hour&quot;, and 10 seconds later you&#39;re at 95% and the ETA will say &quot;30 minutes&quot; which is clearly an embarassingly poor guess.. in this case &quot;10 seconds&quot; is a much, much, much better estimate.

When this happens you may think to change the computation to use **recent** speed, not average speed, to estimate ETA. You take the average download rate or completion rate over the last 10 seconds, and use that rate to project how long completion will be. That performs quite well in the previous overnight-download-which-sped-up-at-the-end example, since it will give very good final completion estimates at the end.  But this still has big problems.. it causes your ETA to bounce wildly when your rate varies quickly over a short period of time, and you get the &quot;done in 20 seconds, done in 2 hours, done in 2 seconds, done in 30 minutes&quot; rapid display of programming shame.


**The actual question:**

What is the best way to compute an estimated time of completion of a task, given the time history of the computation?  I am not looking for links to GUI toolkits or Qt libraries.  I&#39;m asking about the **algorithm** to generate the most sane and accurate completion time estimates.

Have you had success with math formulas?  Some kind of averaging, maybe by using the mean of the rate over 10 seconds with the rate over 1 minute with the rate over 1 hour?  Some kind of artificial filtering like &quot;if my new estimate varies too much from the previous estimate, tone it down, don&#39;t let it bounce too much&quot;? Some kind of fancy history analysis where you integrate progress versus time advancement to find standard deviation of rate to give statistical error metrics on completion? 

What have you tried, and what works best?


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/QOIIx.png
  [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/Tu5Wf.png
 [3]: https://download.autodesk.com/esd/mudbox/help2009/images/MED/DaliSP1/English/Install_licensing/install_progress_MAC.png

Smart progress bar ETA computation

I&#39;m drawing a color selection button and I&#39;m looking for a nice and simple formula to get a good text color (foreground) for a given background color in RGB.  

A simple try would be to just take the complement color but this will produce an odd looking button for colors like pure blue or pure red.  
Is there something well known that does this?  

If it matters at all, I&#39;m using QT.

Good text foreground color for a given background color

Is it possible to use the JQuery Slider (range slider / dual slider) to have non-linear (non consistent &quot;step&quot; size) values?


I want to horizontal Slider to look like:

    |----|----|----|----|----|--------|--------|-------------------------|--------------------------|...
    0   500  750  1000  1250 1500     2000     2500                      75000                      100000...


For example, I want to have the following JQuery code:

	var values = [0, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500, 2000, 2500, 75000, 100000, 150000, 200000, 250000, 300000, 350000, 400000, 500000, 1000000];
	var slider = $(&quot;#price-range&quot;).slider({
		orientation: &#39;horizontal&#39;,
		range: true,
		min: 0,
		max: 1000000,
		values: [0, 1000000],
		slide: function(event, ui) {
				var includeLeft = event.keyCode != $.ui.keyCode.RIGHT;
				var includeRight = event.keyCode != $.ui.keyCode.LEFT;
				slider.slider(&#39;option&#39;, &#39;value&#39;, findNearest(includeLeft, includeRight, ui.value));
				$(&quot;#price-amount&quot;).html(&#39;$&#39; + ui.values[0] + &#39; - $&#39; + ui.values[1]);
				return false;
		},
		change: function(event, ui) { 
			getHomeListings();
		}
	});
	function findNearest(includeLeft, includeRight, value) {
		var nearest = null;
		var diff = null;
		for (var i = 0; i &lt; values.length; i++) {
				if ((includeLeft &amp;&amp; values[i] &lt;= value) || (includeRight &amp;&amp; values[i] &gt;= value)) {
						var newDiff = Math.abs(value - values[i]);
						if (diff == null || newDiff &lt; diff) {
								nearest = values[i];
								diff = newDiff;
						}
				}
		}
		return nearest;
	}

The code above is not exactly working but the snap to grid functionality doesn&#39;t work.


JQuery Slider, how to make &quot;step&quot; size change

I need to get the X,Y coordinates (relative to the document&#39;s top/left) for a DOM element.  I can&#39;t locate any plugins or jQuery property or method that can give these to me.  I can get the top and left of the DOM element, but that can be either relative to its current container/parent or to document. 



jQuery x y document coordinates of DOM object

When I go to our web site through HTTPS mode, Chome is reporting an error saying that the page contains secure and not secure items. However, I used Firebug, Fiddler, and HttpDebuggerPro, all which are telling me that everything is going through HTTPS. Is this a bug in Chrome?

Sorry but I&#39;m unable to give out the actual URL.

Why is Chrome reporting a secure / non secure warning when no other browsers aren&#39;t?

I have the following jQuery code (similar to [this question][1])  that works in Firefox and IE, but fails (no errors, just doesn&#39;t work) in Chrome and Safari. Any ideas for a workaround?

    $(&quot;#souper_fancy&quot;).focus(function() { $(this).select() });


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/480735/

Selecting text on focus using jQuery not working in Safari and Chrome

I&#39;m having a problem in `Chrome` with the following:

    var items = $(&quot;option&quot;, obj);  
    
    items.each(function(){

        $(this).click(function(){

            // alert(&quot;test&quot;);
            process($(this).html());
            return false;
        });
    });

The `click` event doesn&#39;t seem to fire in `Chrome`, but works in `Firefox`.

I wanna be able to `click` on a `option` element from a combo, if I do instead another kind of element, lets say `&lt;li&gt;` it works fine. Any ideas? Thanks.

Click event on select option element in chrome

I would like to debug my javascript application using **Google Chrome 3**&#39;s developer tools. Everything fine and ok, until I actually want to start debugging. I can set breakpoints etc., but I don&#39;t want to debug using a mouse but using keyboard.

In Firefox + Firebug I can use &lt;kbd&gt;F10&lt;/kbd&gt;, &lt;kbd&gt;F11&lt;/kbd&gt; and &lt;kbd&gt;F8&lt;/kbd&gt; for stepping over, into and run debugged script.

**Are there any keyboard shortcuts in Google Chrome&#39;s Javascript console window**?

System configuration (if relevant):

* Windows Server 2008 R2 (would probably work the same in Windows 7)
* Google Chrome 3.0.195.21

**Edit**  
I investigated this issue even further and it turns out to be some sort of a bug, because when I restart Chrome, &lt;kbd&gt;F8&lt;/kbd&gt;, &lt;kbd&gt;F10&lt;/kbd&gt; and &lt;kbd&gt;F11&lt;/kbd&gt; work as expected (same as Firebug).

Google Chrome&#39;s Javascript console keyboard shortcuts

I&#39;m trying to get google chrome to do page breaks.

I&#39;ve been told via a bunch of websites that `page-break-after: always;` is valid in chrome but I can not seem to get it to work even with a very simple example.   is there any way to force a page break when printing in chrome?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	hasen	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - User Interface	Paweł Hajdan	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - User Interface	Waylon Flinn	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - User Interface	G Huxley	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - User Interface	Shay Erlichmen	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - User Interface	Jesper	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Which GUI library does Google Chrome use?

User Interface Problem Overview

User Interface Solutions

Solution 1 - User Interface

Solution 2 - User Interface

Solution 3 - User Interface

Solution 4 - User Interface

Solution 5 - User Interface

ThreadStatic Modified with Static C#

Create an ActiveRecord database table with no :id column?

Attributions