You can see a short definition in &quot;[Git Commit Msg][1]&quot;:

&gt; **`chore`**: updating grunt tasks etc; no production code change

It is used in:

- &quot;[Semantic Commit Messages][2]&quot; and in 
- the project &quot;[`fteem/git-semantic-commits`][3]&quot;.

         git chore &quot;commit-message-here&quot; -&gt; git commit -m &#39;chore: commit-message-here&#39; 

Modifying the `.gitignore` would be part of the &quot;chores&quot;. 

&quot;`grunt task`&quot; means nothing that an external user would see: 

- implementation (of an *existing feature*, which doesn&#39;t involve a fix), 
- configuration (like the `.gitignore` or `.gitattributes`), 
- private internal methods...

Although [Owen S][4] mentions [in the comments][5]:

&gt; Looking at the [Karma page you link to][6], I suspect that `grunt task` may refer specifically to [Javascript&#39;s build tool `grunt`][7].  
In which case, they probably didn&#39;t have in mind changes involving implementation or private internal methods, but rather **tool changes, configuration changes, and changes to things that do not actually go into production at all**.  
(Our shop currently uses it for those, and also for simple refactoring.) 


  [1]: http://karma-runner.github.io/6.3/dev/git-commit-msg.html
  [2]: http://seesparkbox.com/foundry/semantic_commit_messages
  [3]: https://github.com/fteem/git-semantic-commits
  [4]: https://stackoverflow.com/users/329289/owen-s
  [5]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26944762/when-to-use-chore-as-type-of-commit-message/26944812#comment48206518_26944812
  [6]: http://karma-runner.github.io/6.3/dev/git-commit-msg.html
  [7]: http://gruntjs.com/

I need help in creating the &#39;libs&#39; folder in Android Studio for my project (It is not auto-generated in my project).

When I want to create a folder, it gives me lots of options, like AIDL, Assets, JNI, Java, Java Resources, Renderscripts, and &#39;res&#39; folders. I chose **Res** and added a libs folder but it didn&#39;t show up on my file structure on the left.

Can anyone help me?

I wanted to add a JAR file but I can&#39;t find libs to put in.


How to add &#39;libs&#39; folder in Android Studio?

I have some code and when it executes, it throws a `IOException`, saying that  

&gt; The process cannot access the file &#39;filename&#39; because it is being used by
&gt; another process

What does this mean, and what can I do about it?

  [1]: http://stackoverflow.com/q/4660142/1207195
  [2]: http://stackoverflow.com/q/20940979/1207195

IOException: The process cannot access the file &#39;file path&#39; because it is being used by another process

What is the use of `chore` in [semantic version control commit messages](http://seesparkbox.com/foundry/semantic_commit_messages)? Other types like **feat** or **fix** are clear, but I don&#39;t know when to use &quot;chore&quot;.

Can anyone provide a couple of examples of its use?

Another maybe not related question: What&#39;s the proper type of messages of commits for modifying files like `.gitignore`?



When to use &quot;chore&quot; as type of commit message?

What is the use of <code>chore</code> in <a href="http://seesparkbox.com/foundry/semantic_commit_messages" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">semantic version control commit messages</a>? Other types like feat or fix are clear, but I don't know when to use "chore".
Can anyone provide a couple of examples of its use?
Another maybe not related question: What's the proper type of messages of commits for modifying files like <code>.gitignore</code>?



    $ git remote add origin git@github.com:lut/EvolutionApp.git
    fatal: remote origin already exists.

    $ git push -u origin master
    fatal: &#39;EvolutionApp&#39; does not appear to be a git repository
    fatal: Could not read from remote repository.

    Please make sure you have the correct access rights
    and the repository exists.

My keys were added succesfully

     $ ssh -T git@github.com
     Hi lut! You&#39;ve successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.

The Github article https://help.github.com/articles/generating-ssh-keys/ says that &quot;Shell access&quot; should not be an issue? What could the problem be?



Github Authentication Failed - ... GitHub does not provide shell access

`git checkout -b foo` switches on `foo` branch (even if it doesn&#39;t exist, it is created), but if the `foo` branch already exists it throws an error like this:

    fatal: A branch named &#39;foo&#39; already exists.

What&#39;s the command that does the following check?

 - if the branch already exists, just switch on it (`git checkout foo`)
 - if the branch doesn&#39;t exist, create it and switch on it (`git checkout -b foo`)



Switch on another branch (create if not exists), without checking if already exists?

I would like to walk through a range of commits and perform a shell command on each.  If the command fails, I would like the walk to stop, otherwise keep going.  I have looked at `filter-branch`, but I don&#39;t want to re-write the commits, just check them out.  `for-each-ref` does not seem to allow you to specify a range to act on.

My specific problem is that I created a bunch of commits and I would like to ensure that each commit is buildable.  I would like to do something like:

    git foreach origin/master..master &#39;git submodule update &amp;&amp; make clean &amp;&amp; make&#39;

I could of course write a shell script to do this, but it seems like the sort of thing that git might have a nice way to do.

Git run shell command for each commit

It&#39;s failed when I used Git command &quot;git pull&quot; to update my repository, messages as below:
fatal: unable to access &#39;...&#39;: Empty reply from server. 

And the I tried to use the GitHub App, but alert this: 

    Cloning into &#39;renren_mobile&#39;...
    warning: templates not found /Applications/GitHub.app/Contents/Resources/git/templates
    2014-11-23 13:58:57.975 GitHub for Mac Login[659:11891] AskPass with arguments: (
        &quot;/Applications/GitHub.app/Contents/MacOS/GitHub for Mac Login&quot;,
        &quot;Username for &#39;https://github.com&#39;: &quot;
    )
    2014-11-23 13:58:58.032 GitHub for Mac Login[660:11915] AskPass with arguments: (
        &quot;/Applications/GitHub.app/Contents/MacOS/GitHub for Mac Login&quot;,
        &quot;Password for &#39;&#39;: &quot;
    )
    fatal: unable to access &#39;...&#39;: Empty reply from server
     (128)

How to resolve &quot;git pull,fatal: unable to access &#39;https://github.com...\&#39;: Empty reply from server&quot;

I want to clone a GitHub repository from Visual Studio, and the default path is `C:\Users\[User]\Sources\Repos\[NameOfProject]`.

![Snapshot][1]

How do I change it? Every time I create or clone a repo, the path remains the same.


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/gsAJx.png

Visual Studio: Change default path for repositories for GIT plugin

I&#39;m looking for ways to reduce the size of a `git` repository. Searching leads me to `git gc --aggressive` most of the times. I have also read that this isn&#39;t the preferred approach.  

Why? what should I be aware of if I&#39;m running `gc --aggressive`?

`git repack -a -d --depth=250 --window=250` is recommended over `gc --aggressive`. Why? How does `repack` reduce the size of a repository? Also, I&#39;m not quite clear about the flags `--depth` and `--window`.

What should I choose between `gc` and `repack`? When should I use `gc` and `repack`?

git gc --aggressive vs git repack

Visual Studio 2015 creates a new folder called &quot;.vs&quot;. What is the purpose of it and should I add it to source control?

Should I add the Visual Studio 2015 .vs folder to source control?

I know similar questions have already been asked.

But, I believe my issue is due to a mistake I have previously made and therefore is different: let me explain.

Everything was working smoothly, as I could:

 - `git add .` all the files from my local repository.
 - `git commit -m &quot;message here&quot;` to add messages to my commits.
 - `git push origin master` to upload my files to GitHub.
 - `git push heroku master` to upload my files to Heroku.

However, at some point, I created a new branch locally called `add-calendar-model` in case next steps of the app development would go south...

... which is exactly what happened.

However, despite many attempts, I did not manage to get the initial code — i.e. the code from before I created the new branch — from the `master` branch to my local repository.

So, I decided to manually delete all the files from my local repository and `git clone` my `master` branch from GitHub.

This way, I got all my files back, but now, I cannot push any more to the remote repository.

Any time I try to run `git push origin add-calendar-model` or `git push origin master`, I get the following error:

    fatal: &#39;origin&#39; does not appear to be a git repository
    fatal: Could not read from remote repository.
    
    Please make sure you have the correct access rights
    and the repository exists.

I am not very comfortable with Git and GitHub, as you may have guessed by now, and I have to admit that I have no clue about how to fix this.

Any idea?

Git push: &quot;fatal &#39;origin&#39; does not appear to be a git repository - fatal Could not read from remote repository.&quot;

I&#39;m attempting to clone a repo from my BitBucket account to my Windows 10 laptop (running GitBash). I&#39;ve completed all of the steps necessary to connect (set up my SSH key, verified by successfully SSHing git@bitbucket.org, etc). However, whenever I attempt to clone a repo, the prompt continually hangs up after confirming that I want to cache Bitbucket&#39;s key.  

    User@Laptop MINGW64 /C/Repos
    $ git clone git@bitbucket.org:mygbid/test.git
    Cloning into &#39;test&#39;...
    The server&#39;s host key is not cached in the registry. You
    have no guarantee that the server is the computer you
    think it is.
    The server&#39;s rsa2 key fingerprint is:
    ssh-rsa 2048 97:8c:1b:f2:6f:14:6b:5c:3b:ec:aa:46:46:74:7c:40
    If you trust this host, enter &quot;y&quot; to add the key to
    PuTTY&#39;s cache and carry on connecting.
    If you want to carry on connecting just once, without
    adding the key to the cache, enter &quot;n&quot;.
    If you do not trust this host, press Return to abandon the
    connection.
    Store key in cache? (y/n) y

No files are cloned, and the result is an empty repo. Trying to initiate a git pull origin master from this repo also asks to cache the key, then hangs with no feedback. Despite not asking for the key to be cached when I do a test SSH, git operations always ask for the key every time before failing.

With no error messages to work with, I&#39;m really at a loss as to what is wrong. I&#39;ve tried multiple repos, including very small ones, with no success at all.

Git clone / pull continually freezing at &quot;Store key in cache?&quot;

I create a new branch like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
git branch dev-itt-9
&lt;/pre&gt;

However, it only creates a new branch on local

&lt;pre&gt;
git branch -a

* dev-itt-9
  master
  testing

  remotes/origin/HEAD -&gt; origin/master
  remotes/origin/development
  remotes/origin/master
  remotes/origin/testing
&lt;/pre&gt;

What is the proper way to create a new branch on both local and remote?

I am quite new to git. Sorry if my question is stupid.


How to create a new branch on both local and remote? GIT

I have an existing Angular/Laravel app in which Laravel acts as an API to the angular frontend serving only JSON data.  The page that loads the angular app, `index.php`, is currently served by Laravel. From there, Angular takes over. 

I&#39;m have a very difficult time trying to get started with Karma/Jasmine.  When running my tests using `karma start` or `karma start karma.conf.js` from the root directory of my project, I get the following error:

`ReferenceError: module is not defined`

Full output:

    INFO [karma]: Karma v0.12.28 server started at http://localhost:9876/
    INFO [launcher]: Starting browser Chrome
    WARN [watcher]: Pattern &quot;/Users/raph/coding/webroot/digitalocean/rugapp/public/rugapp/*.js&quot; does not match any file.
    INFO [Chrome 39.0.2171 (Mac OS X 10.9.5)]: Connected on socket 3OCUMp_xhrGtlGHwiosO with id 7897120
    Chrome 39.0.2171 (Mac OS X 10.9.5) hello world encountered a declaration exception FAILED
    	ReferenceError: module is not defined
    	    at Suite.&lt;anonymous&gt; (/Users/raph/coding/webroot/digitalocean/rugapp/tests/js/test.js:3:16)
    	    at jasmineInterface.describe (/Users/raph/coding/webroot/digitalocean/rugapp/node_modules/karma-jasmine/lib/boot.js:59:18)
    	    at /Users/raph/coding/webroot/digitalocean/rugapp/tests/js/test.js:1:1
    Chrome 39.0.2171 (Mac OS X 10.9.5): Executed 2 of 2 (1 FAILED) (0.005 secs / 0.003 secs)

However, the chrome broswer does launch with the following displayed:

![enter image description here][1]

My `karma.conf.js` file is as follows:

    // Karma configuration
    // Generated on Mon Dec 22 2014 18:13:09 GMT-0500 (EST)
    
    module.exports = function(config) {
      config.set({
    
        // base path that will be used to resolve all patterns (eg. files, exclude)
        basePath: &#39;public/rugapp/&#39;,
    
    
        // frameworks to use
        // available frameworks: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-adapter
        frameworks: [&#39;jasmine&#39;],
    
    
        // list of files / patterns to load in the browser
        files: [
          &#39;*.html&#39;,
          &#39;**/*.js&#39;,
          &#39;../../tests/js/test.js&#39;,
          &#39;../../tests/js/angular/angular-mocks.js&#39;
        ],
    
    
        // list of files to exclude
        exclude: [
    
        ],
    
    
        // preprocess matching files before serving them to the browser
        // available preprocessors: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-preprocessor
        preprocessors: {
        },
    
    
        // test results reporter to use
        // possible values: &#39;dots&#39;, &#39;progress&#39;
        // available reporters: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-reporter
        reporters: [&#39;progress&#39;],
    
    
        // web server port
        port: 9876,
    
    
        // enable / disable colors in the output (reporters and logs)
        colors: true,
    
    
        // level of logging
        // possible values: config.LOG_DISABLE || config.LOG_ERROR || config.LOG_WARN || config.LOG_INFO || config.LOG_DEBUG
        logLevel: config.LOG_INFO,
    
    
        // enable / disable watching file and executing tests whenever any file changes
        autoWatch: true,
    
    
        // start these browsers
        // available browser launchers: https://npmjs.org/browse/keyword/karma-launcher
        browsers: [&#39;Chrome&#39;],
    
    
        // Continuous Integration mode
        // if true, Karma captures browsers, runs the tests and exits
        singleRun: false
      });
    };



My `package.json` file is shown below:

    {
      &quot;devDependencies&quot;: {
        &quot;gulp&quot;: &quot;^3.8.8&quot;,
        &quot;karma&quot;: &quot;^0.12.28&quot;,
        &quot;karma-chrome-launcher&quot;: &quot;^0.1.7&quot;,
        &quot;karma-jasmine&quot;: &quot;^0.3.2&quot;,
        &quot;laravel-elixir&quot;: &quot;*&quot;
      }
    }


`test.js`

    describe(&quot;hello world&quot;, function() {
        var CreateInvoiceController;
        beforeEach(module(&quot;MobileAngularUiExamples&quot;));
        beforeEach(inject(function($controller) {
            CreateInvoiceController = $controller(&quot;CreateInvoiceController&quot;);
        }));
    
        describe(&quot;CreateInvoiceController&quot;, function() {
            it(&quot;Should say hello&quot;, function() {
                expect(CreateInvoiceController.message).toBe(&quot;Hello&quot;);
            });
        });
    });
    
    describe(&quot;true&quot;, function() {
        it(&quot;Should be true&quot;, function() {
            expect(true).toBeTruthy();
        });
    });

Any help would be *greatly* appreciated.


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/a1pD5.jpg

ReferenceError: module is not defined - Karma/Jasmine configuration with Angular/Laravel app

So, I&#39;ve been looking all over for this, found &quot;similar&quot; answers here, but not exactly what I want.

Right now if I want to test a single file with karma, I need to do `fit()`, `fdescribe()` on the file in question...

However, what I do want is to be able to just call karma, with the config file, and direct it to a specific file, so I don&#39;t need to modify the file at all, ie:

`karma run --conf karma.conf.js --file /path/to/specific/test_file.js`

is it possible to do this? Or with any helper? (using grunt or gulp?)

Karma: Running a single test file from command line

We have a pattern for resolving promises in our Angular app that has served us well up until Angular 1.6.0:

        resource.get().$promise
            .then(function (response) {
            // do something with the response
            }, function (error) {
                // pass the error the the error service
                return errorService.handleError(error);
            });

And here is how we are triggering the error in Karma:

        resourceMock.get = function () {
            var deferred = $q.defer();
            deferred.reject(error);
            return { $promise: deferred.promise };
        };

Now, with the update to 1.6.0, Angular is suddenly complaining in our unit tests (in Karma) for rejected promises with a &quot;Possibly unhandled rejection&quot; error. But we are handling the rejection in the second function that calls our error service.

What exactly is Angular looking for here? How does it want us to &quot;handle&quot; the rejection? 

Angular 1.6.0: &quot;Possibly unhandled rejection&quot; error

Is there a way to run `ng test` for a single file instead of for the entire test suite?  Ideally, I&#39;d like to get the quickest possible feedback loop when I&#39;m editing a file, but `karma` executes the whole suite on each save, which is a bit slow when you build up a big enough test suite.

---

This is different from https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40683673/how-to-execute-only-one-test-spec-with-angular-cli in that that question is about running an individual spec.  This is about running an individual file.  The solution involves the same Jasmine spec feature, but the nature of the question is slightly different.

Running a single test file

I want to debug Karma tests in VS Code but I did not find out how. Is there any way to do that or will I have to use another IDE (WebStorm)?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Alireza Mirian	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Git	VonC	View Answer on Stackoverflow

When to use "chore" as type of commit message?

Git Problem Overview

Git Solutions

Solution 1 - Git

IOException: The process cannot access the file 'file path' because it is being used by another process

How to add 'libs' folder in Android Studio?

Attributions