I&#39;ve only used one, but I&#39;ve had good results with Michael Foord&#39;s Mock: [http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/][1].

Michael&#39;s introduction says it better than I could:

&gt; There are already several Python mocking libraries available, so why another one?
&gt;
&gt; Most mocking libraries follow the &#39;record -&gt; replay&#39; pattern of mocking. I prefer the &#39;action -&gt; assertion&#39; pattern, which is more readable and intuitive particularly when working with the Python unittest module.
&gt;
&gt; ...
&gt;
&gt; It also provides utility functions / objects to assist with testing, particularly monkey patching.


  [1]: http://www.voidspace.org.uk/python/mock/

[Mox](http://code.google.com/p/pymox/), from Google

[Mocker](http://labix.org/mocker) from Gustavo Niemeyer.

It&#39;s not perfect, but it is very powerful and flexible.

[Dingus][1], by Gary Bernhardt.

  [1]: http://pypi.python.org/pypi/dingus/

I&#39;m the author for mocktest. I think it&#39;s pretty fully featured and easy to use, but I might be biased:

http://gfxmonk.net/dist/doc/mocktest/doc/

[pyDoubles][1] the test doubles framework for Python, by iExpertos.com. It supports mocks, stubs, spies and matchers, including Hamcrest matchers

  [1]: http://www.pydoubles.org

I&#39;ve used [pMock][1] in the past, and didn&#39;t mind it, it had pretty decent docs too. However, Foord&#39;s Mock as mentioned above is also nice.

[1]: http://pmock.sourceforge.net/

Using C#, I want to get the total amount of RAM that my computer has.
With the PerformanceCounter I can get the amount of Available ram, by setting:

    counter.CategoryName = &quot;Memory&quot;;
    counter.Countername = &quot;Available MBytes&quot;;

But I can&#39;t seem to find a way to get the total amount of memory.  How would I go about doing this?

**Update:**

MagicKat: I saw that when I was searching, but it doesn&#39;t work - &quot;Are you missing an assembly or reference?&quot;. I&#39;ve looked to add that to the References, but I don&#39;t see it there.

How do you get total amount of RAM the computer has?

I am the maintainer of a site that has allegedly &#39;lost&#39; the source code to a flash swf file.  How do I decompile this source?

Are there any programs online or offline that I could use?

How do you decompile a swf file

What is your single favorite mocking library for Python?

What is your favorite Python mocking library?

<p>What is your single favorite mocking library for Python?</p>


I want to use the Django template engine in my (Python) code, but I&#39;m not building a Django-based web site.  How do I use it without having a settings.py file (and others) and having to set the DJANGO\_SETTINGS\_MODULE environment variable?

If I run the following code:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import django.template
    &gt;&gt;&gt; from django.template import Template, Context
    &gt;&gt;&gt; t = Template(&#39;My name is {{ my_name }}.&#39;)

I get:

    ImportError: Settings cannot be imported, because environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is undefined.



How do I use Django templates without the rest of Django?

What are metaclasses? What are they used for?

What are metaclasses in Python?

Given a `datetime.time` value in Python, is there a standard way to add an integer number of seconds to it, so that `11:34:59` + 3 = `11:35:02`, for example?

These obvious ideas don&#39;t work:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; datetime.time(11, 34, 59) + 3
    TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: &#39;datetime.time&#39; and &#39;int&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; datetime.time(11, 34, 59) + datetime.timedelta(0, 3)
    TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: &#39;datetime.time&#39; and &#39;datetime.timedelta&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; datetime.time(11, 34, 59) + datetime.time(0, 0, 3)
    TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: &#39;datetime.time&#39; and &#39;datetime.time&#39;

In the end I have written functions like this:

    def add_secs_to_time(timeval, secs_to_add):
        secs = timeval.hour * 3600 + timeval.minute * 60 + timeval.second
        secs += secs_to_add
        return datetime.time(secs // 3600, (secs % 3600) // 60, secs % 60)

I can&#39;t help thinking that I&#39;m missing an easier way to do this though.

### Related

* [python time + timedelta equivalent][1]


  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/656297/python-time-timedelta-equivalent

What is the standard way to add N seconds to datetime.time in Python?

I have a large source repository split across multiple projects. I would like to produce a report about the health of the source code, identifying problem areas that need to be addressed.

Specifically, I&#39;d like to call out routines with a high cyclomatic complexity, identify repetition, and perhaps run some lint-like static analysis to spot suspicious (and thus likely erroneous) constructs.

How might I go about constructing such a report?

How can I analyze Python code to identify problematic areas?

I&#39;ve seen several examples of code like this:

    if not someobj:
        #do something

But I&#39;m wondering why not doing:

    if someobj == None:
        #do something

Is there any difference? Does one have an advantage over the other?

Why is &quot;if not someobj:&quot; better than &quot;if someobj == None:&quot; in Python?

I work with a lot of web applications that are driven by databases of varying complexity on the backend. Typically, there&#39;s an &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-relational_mapping&quot;&gt;ORM&lt;/a&gt; layer separate from the business and presentation logic. This makes unit-testing the business logic fairly straightforward; things can be implemented in discrete modules and any data needed for the test can be faked through object mocking.

But testing the ORM and database itself has always been fraught with problems and compromises. 

Over the years, I have tried a few strategies, none of which completely satisfied me.

  - Load a test database with known data. Run tests against the ORM and confirm that the right data comes back. The disadvantage here is that your test DB has to keep up with any schema changes in the application database, and might get out of sync. It also relies on artificial data, and may not expose bugs that occur due to stupid user input. Finally, if the test database is small, it won&#39;t reveal inefficiencies like a missing index. (OK, that last one isn&#39;t really what unit testing should be used for, but it doesn&#39;t hurt.)
 
  - Load a copy of the production database and test against that. The problem here is that you may have no idea what&#39;s in the production DB at any given time; your tests may need to be rewritten if data changes over time. 

Some people have pointed out that both of these strategies rely on specific data, and a unit test should test only functionality. To that end, I&#39;ve seen suggested:

  - Use a mock database server, and check only that the ORM is sending the correct queries in response to a given method call.

What strategies have you used for testing database-driven applications, if any? What has worked the best for you?

What&#39;s the best strategy for unit-testing database-driven applications?

Where can I find comprehensive documentation for MOQ? I&#39;m just starting with mocking and am having difficulty getting my head around it. I&#39;ve read through all the links at http://code.google.com/p/moq/wiki/QuickStart but can&#39;t seem to find a tutorial or gentle introduction.

I have also looked briefly at Rhino Mocks but found it very confusing.

---

Yes - I read Stephen Walthers article - very helpful. I also went through the links. I can&#39;t seem to watch the video at &lt;strike&gt;http://www.bestechvideos.com/2008/06/08/dimecasts-net-introduction-to-mocking-with-moq&lt;/strike&gt; &lt;sup&gt;[broken link]&lt;/sup&gt;


Specifically I am trying to determine whether an event was raised from the mocked class. I can&#39;t get the example for events on the QuickStarts page to compile. On the google groups, Daniel explained that CreateEventHandler can only handle an event of type `EventHandler&lt;TEventArgs&gt;`, but even then I can&#39;t get the code to compile.

More specifically I have a class that implements `INotifyChanged`. 

    public class Entity : INotifyChanged
    {
        public event PropertyChangingEventHandler PropertyChanging;
    
        public int Id 
          { 
              get {return _id;}
              set {
                     _id = value;
                     OnPropertyChanged(&quot;Id&quot;);
                  }
          }
    
         protected void OnPropertyChanged(string property)
          {
             if (PropertyChanged != null)
                PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
          }
     etc .....    
    }

How do I mock the class to test whether the `PropertyChanged` event was fired? I can&#39;t rewrite the event to `public event EventHandler&lt;PropertyChangedEventArgs&gt;` becuase I get this error:

&gt; Error	1	&#39;CoreServices.Notifier&#39; does not implement interface member  System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged.PropertyChanged&#39;. &#39;CoreServices.Notifier.PropertyChanged&#39; cannot implement &#39;System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged.PropertyChanged&#39; because it does not have the matching return type of &#39;System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler&#39;.



Where is the MOQ documentation?

I&#39;ve got a PHPUnit mock object that returns `&#39;return value&#39;` no matter what its arguments:

    // From inside a test...
    $mock = $this-&gt;getMock(&#39;myObject&#39;, &#39;methodToMock&#39;);
    $mock-&gt;expects($this-&gt;any))
         -&gt;method(&#39;methodToMock&#39;)
         -&gt;will($this-&gt;returnValue(&#39;return value&#39;));

What I want to be able to do is return a different value based on the arguments passed to the mock method. I&#39;ve tried something like:

    $mock = $this-&gt;getMock(&#39;myObject&#39;, &#39;methodToMock&#39;);
    
    // methodToMock(&#39;one&#39;)
    $mock-&gt;expects($this-&gt;any))
         -&gt;method(&#39;methodToMock&#39;)
         -&gt;with($this-&gt;equalTo(&#39;one&#39;))
         -&gt;will($this-&gt;returnValue(&#39;method called with argument &quot;one&quot;&#39;));
    
    // methodToMock(&#39;two&#39;)
    $mock-&gt;expects($this-&gt;any))
         -&gt;method(&#39;methodToMock&#39;)
         -&gt;with($this-&gt;equalTo(&#39;two&#39;))
         -&gt;will($this-&gt;returnValue(&#39;method called with argument &quot;two&quot;&#39;));

But this causes PHPUnit to complain if the mock isn&#39;t called with the argument `&#39;two&#39;`, so I assume that the definition of `methodToMock(&#39;two&#39;)` overwrites the definition of the first.

So my question is: Is there any way to get a PHPUnit mock object to return a different value based on its arguments? And if so, how?

How can I get PHPUnit MockObjects to return different values based on a parameter?

I need to test a function that needs to query a page on an external server using urllib.urlopen (it also uses urllib.urlencode). The server could be down, the page could change; I can&#39;t rely on it for a test.

What is the best way to control what urllib.urlopen returns?

How can one mock/stub python module like urllib

I am attempting to mock a call to an indexed property. I.e. I would like to moq the following:

    object result = myDictionaryCollection[&quot;SomeKeyValue&quot;];

and also the setter value

    myDictionaryCollection[&quot;SomeKeyValue&quot;] = myNewValue;

I am doing this because I need to mock the functionality of a class my app uses. 

Does anyone know how to do this with MOQ? I&#39;ve tried variations on the following:

    Dictionary&lt;string, object&gt; MyContainer = new Dictionary&lt;string, object&gt;();
    mock.ExpectGet&lt;object&gt;( p =&gt; p[It.IsAny&lt;string&gt;()]).Returns(MyContainer[(string s)]);

But that doesn&#39;t compile.

Is what I am trying to achieve possible with MOQ, does anyone have any examples of how I can do this?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Daryl Spitzer	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Daryl Spitzer	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	John Millikin	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	ddaa	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Python	John Eikenberry	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 5 - Python	gfxmonk	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 6 - Python	Carlos Ble	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 7 - Python	William Keller	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What is your favorite Python mocking library?

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How do you decompile a swf file

How do you get total amount of RAM the computer has?

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