Google gives a hint pointing to [CA1308: Normalize strings to uppercase](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb386042.aspx)

It says:

&gt; Strings should be normalized to uppercase. A small group of characters, when they are converted to lowercase, cannot make a round trip. To make a round trip means to convert the characters from one locale to another locale that represents character data differently, and then to accurately retrieve the original characters from the converted characters. 

So, yes - ToUpper is more reliable than ToLower.


In the future I suggest googling first - I do that for all those FxCop warnings I get thrown around ;) Helps a lot to read the corresponding documentation ;)

Besides what TomTom says, .net is optimized for string comparison in upper case. So using upper invariant is theoretically faster than lowerinvariant.

This is indeed stated in CLR via C# as pointed out in the comments.
Im not sure if this is of course really true since there is nothing to be found on MSDN about this topic. The string comparison guide on msdn mentions that toupperinvariant and tolowerinvariant are equal and does not prefer the former.

I have a list of links that all go to a google maps api.

the links already have the `daddr` (destination) parameter in them as static. I am using Geo-Location to find the users position and I want to add the `saddr` (source address) to the links once I get the data.

so basically I will need to add something like `&amp;saddr=50.1234567,-50.03452` at the tail end of all the links pointing to google maps

All the links have a class called `directions-link`


and from [this page][1] I have figured out how to change them:

 

    $(&quot;a.directions-link&quot;).attr(&quot;href&quot;, &quot;http://www.google.com/&quot;);

However I only want to append my value to the end of the href without changing what the href already is.

How can I do that?

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/179713/how-to-change-the-href-for-a-hyperlink-using-jquery

How to update (append to) an href in jquery?

How do I kill a process which is running in bash - for example, suppose I open a file:

&gt; $ gedit file.txt

is there any way within the command prompt to close it? This example is fairly trivial, since I could just close the window, but it seems to come up a bit, particularly when I mistype commands.

Also is there any way to escape an executable which is running? This probably has the same solution, but I thought I&#39;d ask anyway.

Thanks

kill a process in bash

I have the following line of code:

    var connectionString = configItems.
                    Find(item =&gt; item.Name.ToLowerInvariant() == &quot;connectionstring&quot;);

VS 2010 code analysis is telling me the following:

&gt;Warning	7	CA1308 : Microsoft.Globalization : In method ... replace the call to &#39;string.ToLowerInvariant()&#39; with String.ToUpperInvariant().	

Does this mean `ToUpperInvariant()` is more reliable?


What is wrong with ToLowerInvariant()?

I have the following line of code:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">var connectionString = configItems.
 Find(item => item.Name.ToLowerInvariant() == "connectionstring");
</code></pre>
VS 2010 code analysis is telling me the following:
>Warning	7	CA1308 : Microsoft.Globalization : In method ... replace the call to 'string.ToLowerInvariant()' with String.ToUpperInvariant().
Does this mean <code>ToUpperInvariant()</code> is more reliable?

        public void log(String msg, Color c = Color.black)
        {
            loggerText.ForeColor = c;
            loggerText.AppendText(&quot;\n&quot; + msg);

        }

This results in an error that c must be a compile-time constant.  I&#39;ve read up on this a little and most examples are dealing with strings and ints.  I&#39;ve figured out I can use the colorconverter class but I&#39;m not sure it will be very efficient.  Is there a way to just pass a basic color as an optional parameter?

        public void log(String msg, String c = &quot;Black&quot;)
        {
            ColorConverter conv = new ColorConverter();
            Color color = (Color)conv.ConvertFromString(c);

            loggerText.ForeColor = color;
            loggerText.AppendText(&quot;\n&quot; + msg);
        }


C# 4.0: Can I use a Color as an optional parameter with a default value?

I need an accurate timer, and DateTime.Now seems not accurate enough. From the descriptions I read, System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch seems to be exactly what I want. 

But I have a phobia. I&#39;m nervous about using anything from System.Diagnostics in actual production code. (I use it extensively for debugging with Asserts and PrintLns etc, but never yet for production stuff.) I&#39;m not merely trying to use a timer to benchmark my functions - my app needs an actual timer. I&#39;ve read on another forum that System.Diagnostics.StopWatch is only for benchmarking, and shouldn&#39;t be used in retail code, though there was no reason given. Is this correct, or am I (and whoever posted that advice) being too closed minded about System.Diagnostics? ie, is it ok to use System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch in production code? 
Thanks
Adrian

Can Stopwatch be used in production code?

I&#39;m trying to get the key of the maximum value in the `Dictionary&lt;string, double&gt; results`.

This is what I have so far:

    double max = results.Max(kvp =&gt; kvp.Value);
    return results.Where(kvp =&gt; kvp.Value == max).Select(kvp =&gt; kvp.Key).First();

However, since this seems a little inefficient, I was wondering whether there was a better way to do this.

Good way to get the key of the highest value of a Dictionary in C#

Something like the following:

ref example:

    void changeString(ref String str) {
        str = &quot;def&quot;;
    }
    
    void main() {
        String abc = &quot;abc&quot;;
        changeString(ref abc);
        System.out.println(abc); //prints &quot;def&quot;
    }

out example:

    void changeString(out String str) {
        str = &quot;def&quot;;
    }
    
    void main() {
        String abc;
        changeString(out abc);
        System.out.println(abc); //prints &quot;def&quot;
    }



Does Java have something like C#&#39;s ref and out keywords?

I know, I know... Eric Lippert&#39;s answer to this kind of question is usually something like &quot;*because it wasn&#39;t worth the cost of designing, implementing, testing and documenting it*&quot;.

But still, I&#39;d like a better explanation... I was reading [this blog post about new C# 4 features][1], and in the section about COM Interop, the following part caught my attention :

&gt; By the way, this code uses one more new feature: indexed properties (take a closer look at those square brackets after Range.) **But this feature is available only for COM interop; you cannot create your own indexed properties in C# 4.0**.

OK, but why ? I already knew and regretted that it wasn&#39;t possible to create indexed properties in C#, but this sentence made me think again about it. I can see several good reasons to implement it :

- the CLR supports it (for instance, `PropertyInfo.GetValue` has an `index` parameter), so it&#39;s a pity we can&#39;t take advantage of it in C#
- it is supported for COM interop, as shown in the article (using dynamic dispatch)
- it is implemented in VB.NET
- it is already possible to create indexers, i.e. to apply an index to the object itself, so it would probably be no big deal to extend the idea to properties, keeping the same syntax and just replacing `this` with a property name

It would allow to write that kind of things :

    public class Foo
    {
        private string[] _values = new string[3];
        public string Values[int index]
        {
            get { return _values[index]; }
            set { _values[index] = value; }
        }
    }

Currently the only workaround that I know is to create an inner class (`ValuesCollection` for instance) that implements an indexer, and change the `Values` property so that it returns an instance of that inner class.

This is very easy to do, but annoying... So perhaps the compiler could do it for us ! An option would be to generate an inner class that implements the indexer, and expose it through a public generic interface :

    // interface defined in the namespace System
    public interface IIndexer&lt;TIndex, TValue&gt;
    {
        TValue this[TIndex index]  { get; set; }
    }

    public class Foo
    {
        private string[] _values = new string[3];
        
        private class &lt;&gt;c__DisplayClass1 : IIndexer&lt;int, string&gt;
        {
            private Foo _foo;
            public &lt;&gt;c__DisplayClass1(Foo foo)
            {
                _foo = foo;
            }
        
            public string this[int index]
            {
                get { return _foo._values[index]; }
                set { _foo._values[index] = value; }
            }
        }
        
        private IIndexer&lt;int, string&gt; &lt;&gt;f__valuesIndexer;
        public IIndexer&lt;int, string&gt; Values
        {
            get
            {
                if (&lt;&gt;f__valuesIndexer == null)
                    &lt;&gt;f__valuesIndexer = new &lt;&gt;c__DisplayClass1(this);
                return &lt;&gt;f__valuesIndexer;
            }
        }
    }

But of course, in that case the property would *actually* return a `IIndexer&lt;int, string&gt;`, and wouldn&#39;t really be an indexed property... It would be better to generate a real CLR indexed property.

What do you think ? Would you like to see this feature in C# ? If not, why ?

  [1]: http://blogs.msdn.com/csharpfaq/archive/2010/04/12/get-ready-for-c-4-0.aspx



Why C# doesn&#39;t implement indexed properties?

I know this is almost a duplicate of : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1269706/the-error-login-failed-for-user-nt-authority-iusr-in-asp-net-and-sql-server-2 and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/97594/login-failed-for-user-username-system-data-sqlclient-sqlexception-with-linq-i but some things don&#39;t add up compared to other appliations on my server and I am not sure why.

**Boxes being used:**

Web Box  
SQL Box  
SQL Test Box

**My Application:**

I have an ASP.NET Web Application, which references a class library that uses LINQ-to-SQL. Connection string set up properly in the class library. As per https://stackoverflow.com/questions/97594/login-failed-for-user-username-system-data-sqlclient-sqlexception-with-linq-i I also added this connection string to the Web Application. 

The connection string uses SQL credentials as so (in both web app and class library):

     &lt;add name=&quot;Namespace.My.MySettings.ConnectionStringProduction&quot;
            connectionString=&quot;Data Source=(SQL Test Box);Initial Catalog=(db name);Persist Security Info=True;User ID=ID;Password=Password&quot;
            providerName=&quot;System.Data.SqlClient&quot; /&gt;

This connection confirmed as working via adding it to Server Explorer. This is the connection string my .dbml file is using.

**The problem:**

I get the following error:

    System.Data.SqlClient.SqlException: Login failed for user &#39;DOMAIN\MACHINENAME$&#39;.

Now referencing this https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1269706/the-error-login-failed-for-user-nt-authority-iusr-in-asp-net-and-sql-server-2 it says that&#39;s really the local network service and using any other non-domain name will not work. 

But I am confused because I&#39;ve checked both SQL Box and SQL Test Box SQL Management Studio and both have `NT AUTHORITY/NETWORK SERVICE` under Security -&gt; Logins, at the database level, that isn&#39;t listed under Security -&gt; Users, but at the database level Security -&gt; Users I have the user displayed in the connection string.

At NTFS level on web server, the permissions have NETWORK SERVICE has full control.

The reason why I am confused is because I have many other web applications on my Web Server, that reference databases on both SQL Box and SQL Test Box, and they all work. But I cannot find a difference between them and my current application, other than I am using a class library. Will that matter? Checking NTFS permissions, setup of Security Logins at the server and databases levels, connection string and method of connecting (SQL Server credentials), and IIS application pool and other folder options, are all the same.

Why do these applications work without adding the machinename$ to the permissions of either of my SQL boxes? But that is what the one link is telling me to do to fix this problem.


Login failed for user &#39;DOMAIN\MACHINENAME$&#39;

I have a task to clean up a large number of directories.  I want to start at a directory and delete any sub-directories (no matter how deep) that contain no files (files will never be deleted, only directories).  The starting directory will then be deleted if it contains no files or subdirectories.  I was hoping someone could point me to some existing code for this rather than having to reinvent the wheel.  I will be doing this using C#.

C# Remove all empty subdirectories

How do I switch between debug and release in Visual C# 2010 Express?

I have looked in the project properties, but it seems to be missing. What am I missing?


How to switch between debug and release in Visual C# 2010 Express?

I started doing more and more work with [Unity][1].  I notice that Resolver method takes a *params* argument *ResolverOverride*.

Can someone give me an example how I can use *ResolverOverride* or point me some other source where I can get more clues.


  [1]: http://unity.codeplex.com/

Unity 2.0: How to use Resolve with ResolverOverride?

Once my program is installed on a client machine, how do I force my program to run as an administrator on **Windows 7?**


How do I force my .NET application to run as administrator?

Since I upgraded my project to visual studio 2010 project format, my C++/CLI project is targeted to .net framework 4.0. 

It is easy to switch the framework version to another version from a C# project, but I have no clue how to do this in a C++/CLI project, I see no setting for this in the project property pages.


Change C++/CLI project to another framework than 4.0 with vs2010

There are a few minor places where code for my project may be able to be drastically improved if the target framework were a newer version. I&#39;d like to be able to better leverage conditional compilation in C# to switch these as needed.

Something like:

    #if NET40
    using FooXX = Foo40;
    #elif NET35
    using FooXX = Foo35;
    #else NET20
    using FooXX = Foo20;
    #endif

Do any of these symbols come for free? Do I need to inject these symbols as part of the project configuration? It seems easy enough to do since I&#39;ll know which framework is being targeted from MSBuild.

    /p:DefineConstants=&quot;NET40&quot;

How are people handling this situation? Are you creating different configurations? Are you passing in the constants via the command line?



Conditional compilation and framework targets

C#, .NET 4.0, VS2010.

New to WPF.  I have a ComboBox on my MainWindow.  I hooked the SelectionChanged event of said combo box.  However, if I examine the value of the combo box in the event handler, it has the old value.  This sounds more like a &quot;SelectionChanging&quot; event, than a SelectionChanged event.  

How do I get the new value of the ComboBox after the selection has actually happend?

Currently:

    this.MyComboBox.SelectionChanged += new SelectionChangedEventHandler(OnMyComboBoxChanged);

    ...
    private void OnMyComboBoxChanged(object sender, SelectionChangedEventArgs e)
    {
        string text = this.MyComboBox.Text;
    }
    

Note, I get the same behaviour if I use the object being passed in the event args, e.g. e.OriginalSource.

ComboBox- SelectionChanged event has old value, not new value

For Visual Studio 2010 Web based application we have Config Transformation features by which we can maintain multiple configuration files for different environments. But the same feature is not available for App.Config files for Windows Services/WinForms or Console Application. 

There is a workaround available as suggested here: [Applying XDT magic to App.Config][1].

However it is not straightforward and requires a number of steps. Is there an easier way to achieve the same for app.config files?


  [1]: http://vishaljoshi.blogspot.com/2010/05/applying-xdt-magic-to-appconfig.html

App.Config Transformation for projects which are not Web Projects in Visual Studio?

I am experiencing a strange issue with VS2010. We use TFS to build our API dlls and we used to reference them in our projects usign a mapped network drive that was fully trusted. We have been working like that for at least two years and everything worked perfectly.

Today, I converted a webapp to vs2010 and when I compile it in Release, it&#39;s giving me:

&gt; SGEN : error : Could not load file or
&gt; assembly &#39;file:///L:\Api\Release
&gt; API_20100521.1\Release\CS.API.Exceptions.dll&#39; or one of its dependencies. Operation
&gt; is not supported. (Exception from
&gt; HRESULT: 0x80131515)

The strange thing is that it&#39;s working when it&#39;s under the Debug profile...

I tried adding the

    &lt;runtime&gt;
       &lt;loadFromRemoteSources enabled=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
    &lt;/runtime&gt;

into app.config and still no luck (See http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/msbuild/thread/d12f6301-85bf-4b9e-8e34-a06398a60df0 and http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd409252(VS.100).aspx)

I am pretty sure that this issue is from visual studio or msbuild, as our code won&#39;t run from a network share when in prod because all the referenced dll&#39;s are copied into the bin folder.

If anyone has an solution (or just an idea for a search path) please let me know !

Edit : It turns out that it was working in Debug mode because generation of serialisation assemblies was turned Off. As the title say, it&#39;s really a SGEN problem since it is this utility that says that the path is not trusted... 

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	JL.	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C#	TomTom	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C#	Henri	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What is wrong with ToLowerInvariant()?

C# Problem Overview

C# Solutions

Solution 1 - C#

Solution 2 - C#

kill a process in bash

How to update (append to) an href in jquery?

Attributions