You should use `application/octet-stream`.

You should use the proper MIME type:

    application/python-pickle

This is the de-facto standard (this mean: it is not application/pickle or application/pickle-python).

RFC2046 states:

***4.5.3. Other Application Subtypes** It is expected that many other subtypes of &quot;application&quot; will be defined in the future. MIME implementations must at a minimum treat any unrecognized subtypes as being equivalent to &quot;application/octet- stream&quot;.*

So, to a non-pickle-aware system, the stream will look like any other octet-stream (you are not doing anything which will break existing apps), but to a pickle-aware system this is vital information.


I have a scroll page that I specified two fingers minimum. It works on my device, but don&#39;t know how to mimic this gesture on Simulator. I can mimic one-finger scroll without problem. I&#39;ve tried option/ctrl/shift etc, but couldn&#39;t get it work. Maybe my combination is wrong. Anyone knows how? Thanks.

How to mimic two-finger scroll/drag gesture on ios simulator?

I&#39;ve been watching Scott Meyers&#39; [talk on Universal References](http://channel9.msdn.com/Shows/Going+Deep/Cpp-and-Beyond-2012-Scott-Meyers-Universal-References-in-Cpp11) from the C++ and Beyond 2012 conference, and everything makes sense so far. However, an audience member asks a question at around 50 minutes in that I was also wondering about. Meyers says that he does not care about the answer because it is non-idiomatic and would silly his mind, but I&#39;m still interested.

The code presented is as follows:

    // Typical function bodies with overloading:
    void doWork(const Widget&amp; param)   // copy
    {
      // ops and exprs using param
    }
    void doWork(Widget&amp;&amp; param)        // move
    {
      // ops and exprs using std::move(param)
    }

    // Typical function implementations with universal reference:
    template &lt;typename T&gt;
    void doWork(T&amp;&amp; param)             // forward =&gt; copy and move
    {
      // ops and exprs using std::forward&lt;T&gt;(param)
    }

The point being that when we take an rvalue reference, we know we have an rvalue, so we should `std::move` it to preserve the fact that it&#39;s an rvalue. When we take a universal reference (`T&amp;&amp;`, where `T` is a deduced type), we want `std::forward` to preserve the fact that it may have been an lvalue or an rvalue.

So the question is: since `std::forward` preserves whether the value passed into the function was either an lvalue or an rvalue, and `std::move` simply casts its argument to an rvalue, could we just use `std::forward` everywhere? Would `std::forward` behave like `std::move` in all cases where we would use `std::move`, or are there some important differences in behaviour that are missed out by Meyers&#39; generalisation?

I&#39;m not suggesting that anybody should do it because, as Meyers correctly says, it&#39;s completely non-idiomatic, but is the following also a valid use of `std::move`:

    void doWork(Widget&amp;&amp; param)         // move
    {
      // ops and exprs using std::forward&lt;Widget&gt;(param)
    }

Can I typically/always use std::forward instead of std::move?

What is the HTTP &quot;content-type&quot; to use when returning a blob of bytes in response to a client&#39;s GET request?

In this case, the information payload is an object serialized using Python&#39;s [Pickle][1] library.


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/pickle.html

What is the HTTP &quot;content-type&quot; to use for a blob of bytes?

<p>What is the HTTP "content-type" to use when returning a blob of bytes in response to a client's GET request?</p>
<p>In this case, the information payload is an object serialized using Python's <a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/pickle.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Pickle</a> library.</p>


I&#39;m using HAProxy for load balancing and only want my site to support https. Thus, I&#39;d like to redirect all requests on port 80 to port 443. 

How would I do this?

Edit: We&#39;d like to redirect to the same url on https, preserving query params. Thus, http://foo.com/bar would redirect to https://foo.com/bar

HAProxy redirecting http to https (ssl)

I am trying to automate download of historic stock data using python. The URL I am trying to open responds with a CSV file, but I am unable to open using urllib2. I have tried changing user agent as specified in few questions earlier, I even tried to accept response cookies, with no luck. Can you please help. 

*Note: The same method works for yahoo Finance.*

**Code:**

    import urllib2,cookielib
    
    site= &quot;http://www.nseindia.com/live_market/dynaContent/live_watch/get_quote/getHistoricalData.jsp?symbol=JPASSOCIAT&amp;fromDate=1-JAN-2012&amp;toDate=1-AUG-2012&amp;datePeriod=unselected&amp;hiddDwnld=true&quot;
    
    hdr = {&#39;User-Agent&#39;:&#39;Mozilla/5.0&#39;}
    
    req = urllib2.Request(site,headers=hdr)
    
    page = urllib2.urlopen(req)

**Error**
  

&gt; File &quot;C:\Python27\lib\urllib2.py&quot;, line 527, in http_error_default
&gt;     raise HTTPError(req.get_full_url(), code, msg, hdrs, fp) urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden


Thanks for your assistance

urllib2.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden

May i know how to assign a file-name to a a-href file download.

    &lt;a href=&quot;http://localhost:8080/couch/getFile?dbName=xxx&amp;file=test.xml&quot;&gt;get-file&lt;/a&gt;

On right-clicking and Save as: A services running on the background will return test.xml contents and the user can save it locally. But here everytime user needs to type a filename for saving. Instead i&#39;m thinking to pull the test.xml. May i know how to tell the browser to use &quot;test.xml&quot; as a download file name?

Will setting headers on HTTP response would work? if so may i know how we can do that?

http download file name

Let&#39;s say you want to get list of users by calling `GET` to `api/users`, but currently the table was truncated so there are no users. What is the proper response for this scenario: `404` or `204`?

Proper REST response for empty table?

I am trying to send a `DELETE` request with a url parameter using CURL. I am doing:

    curl -H application/x-www-form-urlencoded -X DELETE http://localhost:5000/locations` -d &#39;id=3&#39;

However, the server is not seeing the parameter id = 3. I tried using some GUI application and when I pass the url as: `http://localhost:5000/locations?id=3`, it works. I really would rather use CURL rather than this GUI application. Can anyone please point out what I&#39;m doing wrong?

CURL Command Line URL Parameters

I&#39;m trying to make my Go application specify itself as a specific `UserAgent`, but can&#39;t find anything on how to go about doing this with `net/http`. I&#39;m creating an `http.Client`, and using it to make `Get` requests, via `client.Get()`.

Is there a way to set the `UserAgent` in the Client, or at all?

Set UserAgent in http request

&gt; Duplicate headers received from server
&gt;
&gt; The response from the server contained duplicate headers. This problem is generally the result of a misconfigured website or proxy. Only the website or proxy administrator can fix this issue.
&gt;
&gt; Error 349 (net::ERR_RESPONSE_HEADERS_MULTIPLE_CONTENT_DISPOSITION): Multiple distinct Content-Disposition headers received. This is disallowed to protect against HTTP response splitting attacks.

 I found this error while exporting to pdf in chrome.

    Response.Buffer = false;
    Response.ClearHeaders();
    string ext = objProp.PACKAGEFILENAME.Substring(objProp.PACKAGEFILENAME.LastIndexOf(&quot;.&quot;));
    string ext1 = ext.Substring(1);
    Response.ContentType = ext1;
    Response.AddHeader(&quot;Content-Disposition&quot;, &quot;target;_blank,attachment; filename=&quot; + objProp.PACKAGEFILENAME);
    const int ChunkSize = 1024;
    byte[] binary = objProp.PACKAGEDOCUMENT;
    System.IO.MemoryStream ms = new System.IO.MemoryStream(binary);
    int SizeToWrite = ChunkSize;

    for (int i = 0; i &lt; binary.GetUpperBound(0) - 1; i = i + ChunkSize)
    {
        if (!Response.IsClientConnected) return;
        if (i + ChunkSize &gt;= binary.Length) SizeToWrite = binary.Length - i;
        byte[] chunk = new byte[SizeToWrite];
        ms.Read(chunk, 0, SizeToWrite);
        Response.BinaryWrite(chunk);
        Response.Flush();
    }
    Response.Close();

How to fix this?

Duplicate headers received from server

I have a php site running in cloud server.When ever i add new files css, js or images the browser is loading the same old js, css and image files stored in cache.

My site has a doctype and meta tag as below



    &lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC &quot;-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN&quot; &quot;http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd&quot;&gt;
    
      &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=iso-8859-1&quot;&gt;
      &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Page-Enter&quot; content=&quot;blendTrans(Duration=1.0)&quot;&gt;
      &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Page-Exit&quot; content=&quot;blendTrans(Duration=1.0)&quot;&gt;
      &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Site-Enter&quot; content=&quot;blendTrans(Duration=1.0)&quot;&gt;
      &lt;meta http-equiv=&quot;Site-Exit&quot; content=&quot;blendTrans(Duration=1.0)&quot;&gt;




Because of the above doctype and meta code am i loading the same files cached in browser instead of new one






How to prevent Browser cache for php site

I want to add a custom header for the response received from the server behind nginx.

While `add_header` works for nginx-processed responses, it does nothing when the `proxy_pass` is used.

How to add a response header on nginx when using proxy_pass?

After reading about the `Cache-Control` field of the HTTP header, 

I understand that the `Cache-Control` field in the HTTP response header (server to client) specifies the directives for the intermediate proxy servers/client browser on how to handle the response, by sending different values for the `Cache-Control` field: `private`, `public`, `no-cache`, or `no-store` in the response header.

But I don&#39;t get why we need to send `Cache-Control` as a request header (client to server)?

Why is Cache-Control attribute sent in request header (client to server)?

I am using PHP `mail()` function:
 
        $to      = &#39;AAAA &lt;postmaster@xxx.xx&gt;&#39;;
        $subject = &#39;BBBB&#39;;
        $message = &quot;CCCC\r\nCCCC CCCC \r CCC \n CCC \r\n CCC \n\r CCCC&quot;;
        $headers = &#39;From: DDD&lt;postmaster@xxx.xx&gt;&#39; . &quot;\r\n&quot;;
        $headers .= &quot;Content-Type: text/html; charset=\&quot;UTF-8\&quot;; format=flowed \r\n&quot;;
        $headers .= &quot;Mime-Version: 1.0 \r\n&quot;; 
        $headers .= &quot;Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable \r\n&quot;;
        mail($to, $subject, $message, $headers);
When I receive this email it looks like this:

    CCCC CCCC CCCC CCC CCC CCC CCCC

I would expect something like this:

    
    CCCC
    CCCC CCCC CCC 
    CCC 
    CCC 
    CCCC

&lt;br&gt;
It works fine without [`Content-Type`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Type) HTTP header. How can I make *new lines* and still use my &quot;Content-Type&quot; declaration?

New lines (\r\n) are not working in email body

How to overwrite default Content-Type in nginx? Currently when I request 01.dae file, there&#39;s            

    Content-Type: application/octet-stream;

And I want it to be 

    Content-Type: application/xml;

I tried something like 

    location ~* \.dae$ {
      types { };
      default_type application/xml;
    }

and

    location ~* \.dae$ {
      add_header Content-Type application/xml;
    }

but nothing works.

Force nginx to send specific Content-Type

I&#39;ve just declared a constant for the &quot;application/json&quot; content type in one of my classes.

    public const string JsonContentType = &quot;application/json&quot;;

I&#39;m not sure it is a good practice.

Does .NET framework have a predefined const for &quot;application/json&quot;?

&quot;application/json&quot; constant in .NET framework

What is the exact difference between    

 1. Content-type: text/json 
 2. Content-type: application/json

I&#39;ve been using them randomly and never find any output difference in both http headers?



What is the exact difference between content-type: text/json and application/json?

I have to validate the `Content-Type` header value before passing it to an HTTP request.

Is there a specific list for all the possible values of `Content-Type`?

Otherwise, is there a way to validate the content type before using it in an HTTP request?


What are all the possible values for HTTP &quot;Content-Type&quot; header?

I&#39;m using python3.3 and I&#39;m having a cryptic error when trying to pickle a simple dictionary. 

Here is the code:

    import os
    import pickle
    from pickle import *
    os.chdir(&#39;c:/Python26/progfiles/&#39;)

    def storvars(vdict):      
        f = open(&#39;varstor.txt&#39;,&#39;w&#39;)
        pickle.dump(vdict,f,)
        f.close()
        return

    mydict = {&#39;name&#39;:&#39;john&#39;,&#39;gender&#39;:&#39;male&#39;,&#39;age&#39;:&#39;45&#39;}
    storvars(mydict)

and I get:

    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;C:/Python26/test18.py&quot;, line 31, in &lt;module&gt;
        storvars(mydict)
      File &quot;C:/Python26/test18.py&quot;, line 14, in storvars
        pickle.dump(vdict,f,)
    TypeError: must be str, not bytes


Using pickle.dump - TypeError: must be str, not bytes

I am using pickle module in Python and trying different file IO modes:

    # works on windows.. &quot;rb&quot;
    with open(pickle_f, &#39;rb&#39;) as fhand:
            obj = pickle.load(fhand)
    
    # works on linux.. &quot;r&quot;
    with open(pickle_f, &#39;r&#39;) as fhand:
            obj = pickle.load(fhand)
    
    # works on both &quot;r+b&quot;
    with open(pickle_f, &#39;r+b&#39;) as fhand:
            obj = pickle.load(fhand)

I never read about &quot;r+b&quot; mode anywhere, but found mentioning about it in the [documentation][1].

I am getting `EOFError` on Linux if I use `&quot;rb&quot;` mode and on Windows if `&quot;r&quot;` is used. I just gave `&quot;r+b&quot;` mode a shot and it&#39;s working on both.

What&#39;s `&quot;r+b&quot;` mode? What&#39;s the difference between &quot;rb&quot; and &quot;r+b&quot;? Why does it work when the others don&#39;t?

  [1]: http://docs.python.org/2/tutorial/inputoutput.html

What is the difference between rb and r+b modes in file objects

I&#39;m learning how to use pickle. I&#39;ve created a namedtuple object, appended it to a list, and tried to pickle that list. However, I get the following error:

    pickle.PicklingError: Can&#39;t pickle &lt;class &#39;__main__.P&#39;&gt;: it&#39;s not found as __main__.P

I found that if I ran the code without wrapping it inside a function, it works perfectly. Is there an extra step required to pickle an object when wrapped inside a function?

Here is my code:

    from collections import namedtuple
    import pickle
    
    def pickle_test():
        P = namedtuple(&quot;P&quot;, &quot;one two three four&quot;)
        my_list = []
        abe = P(&quot;abraham&quot;, &quot;lincoln&quot;, &quot;vampire&quot;, &quot;hunter&quot;)
        my_list.append(abe)
        with open(&#39;abe.pickle&#39;, &#39;wb&#39;) as f:
            pickle.dump(abe, f)
        
    pickle_test()

How to pickle a namedtuple instance correctly

I have a defaultdict that looks like this:

    dict1 = defaultdict(lambda: defaultdict(int))

The problem is, I can&#39;t pickle it using cPickle. One of the solution that I found here is to use module-level function instead of a lambda. My question is, what is module-level function? How can I use the dictionary with cPickle?

Can&#39;t pickle defaultdict

The problem I am having is when I try to load the **[pickled][1]** object. I have tried using both `pickle.loads` and `pickle.load` Here are the results:

`pickle.loads`:
&gt; TypeError: &#39;str&#39; does not support the buffer interface

`pickle.load`:
&gt; TypeError: file must have &#39;read&#39; and &#39;readline&#39; attributes

Can someone please tell me what I am doing wrong in this process?

    elif str(parser) == &quot;SwissWithdrawn_Parser&quot;:
        # swissprot name changes
        print(&quot;Gathering SwissProt update info...&quot;)
        cache_hits = 0
        cache_misses = 0
        files = set()

        for f in os.listdir(&quot;out/cache/&quot;):
            if os.path.isfile(&quot;out/cache/&quot; + f):
                files.add(f)

        for name in sp_lost_names:

            cached = False
            url = (
                &quot;http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/?query=mnemonic%3a&quot;
                + name
                + &quot;+active%3ayes&amp;format=tab&amp;columns=entry%20name&quot;
            )
            hashed_url = str(hash(url))

            ################### For Testing Only - use cache ##################
            if hashed_url in files:
                cached = True
                cache_hits += 1
                content = pickle.loads(&quot;out/cache/&quot; + hashed_url)  # &lt;-- problematic line
            else:
                cache_misses += 1
                content = urllib.request.urlopen(url)

            # get the contents returned from the HTTPResponse object
            content_list = [x.decode().strip() for x in content.readlines()]
            if not cached:
                with open(&quot;out/cache/&quot; + hashed_url, &quot;wb&quot;) as fp:
                    pickle.dump(content_list, fp)
            ####################################################################

            # no replacement
            if len(content_list) is 0:
                change_log[&quot;swiss-names&quot;] = {name: &quot;withdrawn&quot;}
            # get the new name
            else:
                new_name = content_list[1]
                change_log[&quot;swiss-names&quot;] = {name: new_name}



  [1]: http://docs.python.org/3/library/pickle.html

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Chris Dutrow	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Http	SLaks	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Http	thedayofcondor	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What is the HTTP "content-type" to use for a blob of bytes?

Http Problem Overview

Http Solutions

Solution 1 - Http

Solution 2 - Http

Can I typically/always use std::forward instead of std::move?

How to mimic two-finger scroll/drag gesture on ios simulator?

Attributions