Runtime is the version of the CLR (or .NET framework) the DLL needs (usually as a minimum), version is the DLL&#39;s version.

So long as you have the minimum runtime installed, it should be usable. However as a general rule it is usually best to select the latest version of the library for the latest runtime support etc.

I have often experienced while developing my web applications that pressing &lt;kbd&gt;F5&lt;/kbd&gt; or refresh doesn&#39;t produce or refresh the proper result. But when we hit &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;F5&lt;/kbd&gt; it generates the correct result. What is the basic difference between simple &lt;kbd&gt;F5&lt;/kbd&gt; and &lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;F5&lt;/kbd&gt;?

I have often also experienced that pressing simple &lt;kbd&gt;F5&lt;/kbd&gt; and pressing the &lt;kbd&gt;Refresh&lt;/kbd&gt; button in the browser also generate different results.

What is the basic difference among all these requests?


Difference between F5, Ctrl + F5 and click on refresh button?

I&#39;im trying to find all combinations of items in several arrays.
The number of arrays is random (this can be 2, 3, 4, 5...).
The number of elements in each array is random too...

For exemple, I have the 3 arrays :

    $arrayA = array(&#39;A1&#39;,&#39;A2&#39;,&#39;A3&#39;);
    $arrayB = array(&#39;B1&#39;,&#39;B2&#39;,&#39;B3&#39;);
    $arrayC = array(&#39;C1&#39;,&#39;C2&#39;);

I would like to generate an array with 3 x 3 x 2 = 18 combinations :

- A1, B1, C1
- A1, B1, C2
- A1, B2, C1
- A1, B2, C2
- A1, B3, C1
- A1, B3, C2
- A2, B1, C1
- A2, B1, C2
...

The problem is to create a function with a variable number of source arrays...



How to generate in PHP all combinations of items in multiple arrays

When I open the properties window of one of the referenced dlls in my project in Visual Studio I see a Version and also a runtime version .

Actually it is Rhino.Mocks library I am checking. And I see 

* Runtime Version : v2.0.50727
* Version : 3.6.0.0

What is the difference? (Does it mean I am not able to use 3.6.0.0 of the Rhino Mocks?)

What is the difference between Version and &#39;Runtime Version&#39; in .Net?

When I open the properties window of one of the referenced dlls in my project in Visual Studio I see a Version and also a runtime version .
Actually it is Rhino.Mocks library I am checking. And I see
<ul>
<li>Runtime Version : v2.0.50727</li>
<li>Version : 3.6.0.0</li>
</ul>
What is the difference? (Does it mean I am not able to use 3.6.0.0 of the Rhino Mocks?)

How to see the **Check-In History of a particular** user in TFS (TFS-2008)?

How to see the Check-In History of a particular user in TFS?

Is there an elegant to emulate the `StreamReader.ReadToEnd` method with `BinaryReader`? Perhaps to put all the bytes into a byte array?

I do this:

    read1.ReadBytes((int)read1.BaseStream.Length);

...but there must be a better way.

An elegant way to consume (all bytes of a) BinaryReader?

I have been receiving this error for a while when using devenv on an automatic build. I have gone through every website I can find, and the usual answers mention refreshing dependencies (Which I believe fixes it for manual deployment, but not for automatic) and removing the source control coding from the projects, which hasn&#39;t helped me. 

The error does not occur every time I build, but it seems random on different deployment projects each time.

Does anyone have any advice on why exactly this error occurs and how to go about fixing it?

An error occurred while validating. HRESULT = &#39;8000000A&#39;

I am doing some performance tests and noticed that a LINQ expression like

    result = list.First(f =&gt; f.Id == i).Property

is slower than

    result = list.Where(f =&gt; f.Id == i).First().Property

This seems counter intuitive.  I would have thought that the first expression would be faster because it can stop iterating over the list as soon as the predicate is satisfied, whereas I would have thought that the `.Where()` expression might iterate over the whole list before calling `.First()` on the resulting subset.  Even if the latter does short circuit it should not be faster than using First directly, but it is. 

Below are two really simple unit tests that illustrate this.  When compiled with optimisation on TestWhereAndFirst is about 30% faster than TestFirstOnly on .Net and Silverlight 4.  I have tried making the predicate return more results but the performance difference is the same.

Can any one explain why `.First(fn)` is slower than `.Where(fn).First()`?  I see a similar counter intuitive result with `.Count(fn)` compared to `.Where(fn).Count()`. 

    private const int Range = 50000;

    private class Simple
    {
       public int Id { get; set; }
       public int Value { get; set; }
    }

    [TestMethod()]
    public void TestFirstOnly()
    {
       List&lt;Simple&gt; list = new List&lt;Simple&gt;(Range);
       for (int i = Range - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i)
       {
          list.Add(new Simple { Id = i, Value = 10 });
       }

       int result = 0;
       for (int i = 0; i &lt; Range; ++i)
       {
          result += list.First(f =&gt; f.Id == i).Value;
       }

       Assert.IsTrue(result &gt; 0);
    }

    [TestMethod()]
    public void TestWhereAndFirst()
    {
       List&lt;Simple&gt; list = new List&lt;Simple&gt;(Range);
       for (int i = Range - 1; i &gt;= 0; --i)
       {
          list.Add(new Simple { Id = i, Value = 10 });
       }

       int result = 0;
       for (int i = 0; i &lt; Range; ++i)
       {
          result += list.Where(f =&gt; f.Id == i).First().Value;
       }

       Assert.IsTrue(result &gt; 0);
    }

Why is LINQ .Where(predicate).First() faster than .First(predicate)?

I have an `error.aspx` page.  If a user comes to that page then it will fetch the error path in `page_load()` method URL using `Request.QueryString[&quot;aspxerrorpath&quot;]` and it works fine.

But if a user directly accesses that page the it will generate an exception because `aspxerrorpath` is not there.

How can I check that `aspxerrorpath` is there or not?

How to check that Request.QueryString has a specific value or not in ASP.NET?

I&#39;m having some compatibility issues with old versions of node.js.

Is there any way to get the node.js version at runtime?

Get the node.js version at runtime

I am currently furiously digging through all the docs, and haven&#39;t quite found what I&#39;m looking for. I suspect it is a real d&#39;oh! answer.

I simply need to find the active storyboard in the main bundle, and want to know the best way to do this.

This is so that I can use the &lt;code&gt;[UIStoryboard storyboardWithName:@&quot;XXX&quot; bundle:mainBundle]&lt;/code&gt; to extract the running storyboard.

I know how to kludge it by switching on the idiom, but I feel that this is a...kludge.

What&#39;s a correct way of doing this?

UIStoryboard: What&#39;s the Correct Way to Get the Active Storyboard?

My iPhone application connects to three different servers, say: **production**, **staging** and **testing**. There is a bunch of configuration values that the application uses depending on to which server it connects to, e.g. Facebook App ID, TestFlight team key, etc.

I&#39;d like to have all the settings in GIT and only select which configuration the application supposed to use when compiling or releasing. For example, when **testing** is selected, *Product -&gt; Run* in Xcode runs the debug version of the app connecting to **testing**, and *Product -&gt; Archive* creates the IPA file with the release version that also connects to **testing**.

I don&#39;t want to create more build configurations than debug and release (because that would mean 6 different combinations of build configurations/run-time configurations). The ideal solution, as I see it, would be that I have three schemes: **production**, **testing** and **staging**, and each scheme selects one of three Info.plist files to use with the application. That would allow me to not only define different run-time settings, but also different application versions or bundle identifiers depending on the back-end server. But it doesn&#39;t look like I can configure the Archive action in any other way apart from selecting a different build configuration. Any ideas if that could be achieved in any way?

**Edit:** To make it a bit more clear, **production/staging/testing** is the back-end server, not the version of the iOS application. The iOS app comes in two versions: **debug/release**. In other words I may want to run a **debug** version of the application connecting to the **production** server for example to debug a crash caused by JSON returned from that server. I could have named the servers as A, B and C for the sake of clarity.

How to configure independent sets of runtime settings in Xcode

C++ is a static, compiled language, templates are resolved during compile time and so on...

But is it possible to create a function during runtime, that is not described in the source code and has not been converted to machine language during compilation, so that a user can throw at it data that has not been anticipated in the source?

I am aware this cannot happen in a straightforward way, but surely it must be possible, there are plenty of programing languages that are not compiled and create that sort of stuff dynamically that are implemented in either C or C++.

Maybe if factories for all primitive types are created, along with suitable data structures to organize them into more complex objects such as user types and functions, this is achievable?

Any info on the subject as well as pointers to online materials are welcome. Thanks!

EDIT: I am aware it is possible, it is more like I am interested in implementation details :)

Is it possible to create a function dynamically, during runtime in C++?

How to dynamically create a function in Python?

I saw a few answers here but I couldn&#39;t find one which would describe the most general case.

Consider:

    def a(x):
        return x + 1

How to create such function on-the-fly? Do I have to `compile(&#39;...&#39;, &#39;name&#39;, &#39;exec&#39;)` it? But what then? Creating a dummy function and replacing its code object for then one from the compile step?

Or should I use `types.FunctionType`? How?

I would like to customize everything: number of argument, their content, code in function body, the result, ...

Python: dynamically create function at runtime

I have to run a Python script on a Windows server. How can I know which version of Python I have, and does it even really matter?

I was thinking of updating to the latest version of Python.






Which version of Python do I have installed?

I&#39;m trying to find out all the remotely available versions of a specified gem.

I tried using:

    gem list rhc --remote

But it shows:

    *** REMOTE GEMS ***
    rhc (0.84.15)
    rhcp (0.2.18)
    rhcp_shell (0.2.12)

Any ideas?

How do I list all versions of a gem available at a remote site?

Is there a way to get the version set in `package.json` in a nodejs app? I would want something like this

    var port = process.env.PORT || 3000
    app.listen port
    console.log &quot;Express server listening on port %d in %s mode %s&quot;, app.address().port, app.settings.env, app.VERSION


Is there a way to get version from package.json in nodejs code?

I saw this list of major version numbers for Java in another post:

&gt; * Java 1.2 uses major version 46
&gt; * Java 1.3 uses major version 47
&gt; * Java 1.4 uses major version 48
&gt; * Java 5 uses major version 49
&gt; * Java 6 uses major version 50
&gt; * Java 7 uses major version 51
&gt; * Java 8 uses major version 52
&gt; * Java 9 uses major version 53
&gt; * Java 10 uses major version 54
&gt; * Java 11 uses major version 55
&gt; * Java 12 uses major version 56
&gt; * Java 13 uses major version 57
&gt; * Java 14 uses major version 58
&gt; * Java 15 uses major version 59
&gt; * Java 16 uses major version 60
&gt; * Java 17 uses major version 61
&gt; * Java 18 uses major version 62
&gt; * Java 19 uses major version 63

Where does this list come from? Is there a specific reference for this? Preferably something that shows minor versions too?

List of Java class file format major version numbers?

I have been using a shell script as part of my Xcode build process to increment the build number within the *plist* file, however it&#39;s making Xcode 4.2.1 crash frequently (with an error about the target not belonging to a project; I&#39;m guessing the changing of the *plist* file is confusing Xcode in some way).

The shell script did this so that the build number is only incremented by `agvtool` when a file is newer than the *plist* file (so just building didn&#39;t increment the value):

    if [ -n \&quot;`find ProjDir -newer ProjDir/Project-Info.plist`\&quot; ]; then agvtool -noscm next-version -all; else echo \&quot;Version not incremented\&quot;; fi

Is there a way to increment the build number (in the *plist* file, or anywhere else) that doesn&#39;t break Xcode?

**FINAL EDIT**:  I now do this kind of stuff using a python script which I have just made public on [github](https://github.com/trojanfoe/xcodedevtools).  It&#39;s not well documented but shouldn&#39;t be difficult to work out.  As a bonus this repo also contains a useful script to automatically bundle 3rd party library into an app bundle. 

Better way of incrementing build number?

OK, now I&#39;m really confused.

I originally had [this problem][1], which is, according to posters, an issue with the version of Castle.DynamicProxy that&#39;s ILMerged into the latest Rhino.Mocks library. It has, according to several authorities on the subject, been fixed in the latest Castle, but that library has not made it into a new Rhino.Mocks. Most people are saying &quot;just download the Rhino source and the latest Castle and build your own version&quot;.

So, I did exactly that; I grabbed a ZIP of the Rhino trunk source from Ayende&#39;s GitHub, opened it up, and built it. Then, like a good little TDDer, I created a unit test to make sure my changes worked (because the latest Castle folds DynamicProxy into Core, requiring some significant referencing changes):

        [Test]
        public void MockOfInterfaceMethodWithInterfaceGTR()
        {
            var mock = mocks.DynamicMock&lt;ITestRestrictedInterface&gt;();
            Assert.NotNull(mock);
            Expect.Call(mock.TestMethod(new Object2())).IgnoreArguments().Return(5);
            mocks.ReplayAll();
            Assert.AreEqual(5, mock.TestMethod(new Object2()));
        }

    ...

    internal interface ITestGenericInterface&lt;TRest&gt; where TRest:IObject1
    {
        int TestMethod&lt;T&gt;(T input) where T : TRest;
    }

    internal interface ITestRestrictedInterface:ITestGenericInterface&lt;IObject2&gt; { }

    internal interface IObject1 { }
    internal interface IObject2:IObject1 { }

    internal class Object2:IObject2 { } 


The result, when run in my own production code with the latest released Rhino? Failure with the following message: 

&gt; System.TypeLoadException : Method &#39;TestMethod&#39; on type
&gt; &#39;ITestRestrictedInterfaceProxy83ad369cdf41472c857f61561d434436&#39; from
&gt; assembly &#39;DynamicProxyGenAssembly2, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral,
&gt; PublicKeyToken=null&#39; tried to implicitly implement an interface method
&gt; with weaker type parameter constraints.

    

...However, when I copy and paste this test into a fixture in the Rhino.Mocks.Tests project, without making any changes to referenced libraries, the test PASSES. I have made zero changes to the downloaded source. I have made ZERO changes to the test method and related interfaces/objects on both sides. I built a new Rhino.Mocks DLL (without IL-merging the Castle libs) and copied it with Castle libs back to my production solution, re-ran the test, and it still fails with the same message.

WTF?

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4382624/cant-get-rhinomocks-to-emit-a-mock-that-follows-the-generic-type-restriction-ru

Castle DynamicProxy - Failure when creating proxy involving a GTP used as a GTR

I want to view the folders and sub folders in [GAC][1]. Also want to know about adding and removing from [GAC][1].

   

To install we write this lines in command prompt by opening  `Visual Studio command prompt`:-

 `gacutil /i [assembly path]`

But to uninstall we need only:-

  `gacutil /u [assembly name]`

Why?


  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Assembly_Cache

How to view the Folder and Files in GAC?

I have found plenty of information out there about this error: &#39;ERROR: Could not load file or assembly &#39;*.dll&#39; or one of its dependencies. Access is denied.’ 
But i haven&#39;t found answer specific to my scenario. 
My site is deploy on 6 different production servers, only on one server i am facing this issue. The issue is random, but after it happens once, it continues until the site is recompile by done a small modification in web.config file(i know trick, after modification in web.config recompile the web application) and site on that server start working.
Yesterday, issue was reproducing after one month period of working.
We can&#39;t afford this issue on production.  
Issue detail:

&gt;Server Error in &#39;/&#39; Application.
    ________________________________________
    Could not load file or assembly &#39;MainCore.DbImpl, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null&#39; or one of its dependencies. Access is denied.
    Description: An unhandled exception occurred during the execution of the current web request. Please review the stack trace for more information about the error and where it originated in the code. 
    
&gt;Exception Details: System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly &#39;MainCore.DbImpl, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null&#39; or one of its dependencies. Access is denied.
    
&gt;Source Error:
    An unhandled exception was generated during the execution of the current web request. Information regarding the origin and location of the exception can be identified using the exception stack trace below.
    
&gt;Assembly Load Trace: The following information can be helpful to determine why the assembly &#39;MainCore.DbImpl, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null&#39; could not be loaded.
     
&gt;WRN: Assembly binding logging is turned OFF.
    To enable assembly bind failure logging, set the registry value [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog] (DWORD) to 1.
    Note: There is some performance penalty associated with assembly bind failure logging.
    To turn this feature off, remove the registry value [HKLM\Software\Microsoft\Fusion!EnableLog].
    
&gt;Stack Trace:
     
&gt;[FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly &#39;MainCore.DbImpl, Version=0.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null&#39; or one of its dependencies. Access is denied.]
       ...DbImpl.Event.TTCEventController.GetEventFields(Int32 eventId) +0
       WebSuite.SportChannel.ModelImpl.TTCModelController.AddEventFieldList(XmlElement eventNode, ITTCEventController ctrl, Int32 eventId, PlayerType stupidType) in ...root\SportChannel\ModelImpl\Ttc\TTCModelController.cs:171
    ...ModelImpl.TTCModelController.GetLatestFourTourSchedulesXml() in ...root\SportChannel\ModelImpl\Ttc\TTCModelController.cs:283
       ...WebRoot.UserControls.HeadlinesTab.Page_Load(Object sender, EventArgs e) +491
       System.Web.Util.CalliHelper.EventArgFunctionCaller(IntPtr fp, Object o, Object t, EventArgs e) +25
       System.Web.Util.CalliEventHandlerDelegateProxy.Callback(Object sender, EventArgs e) +42
       System.EventHandler.Invoke(Object sender, EventArgs e) +0
       System.Web.UI.Control.OnLoad(EventArgs e) +132
       System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +66
       System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +191
       System.Web.UI.Control.LoadRecursive() +191
       System.Web.UI.Page.ProcessRequestMain(Boolean includeStagesBeforeAsyncPoint, Boolean includeStagesAfterAsyncPoint) +2428     
    ________________________________________

&gt;Version Information: Microsoft .NET Framework Version:2.0.50727.5446; ASP.NET Version:2.0.50727.5420



Could not load file or assembly or one of its dependencies. Access is denied. The issue is random, but after it happens once, it continues

I have a collection of DLLs(say 20). How do I find out all the DLLs on which one specific DLL (say DLL A) is depending upon?

Find out dependencies of all DLLs?

I am using VS2010 and I tried to add a few assemblies from local hard disk to my C# project through file reference. Peeking into the `csproj` file, I found sometimes the file reference appears as

    &lt;Reference Include=&quot;name&quot;&gt;

However sometimes it appears as

    &lt;Reference Include=&quot;name, Version=xxx, Culture=neutral, 
                                              processorArchitecture=MSIL&quot;&gt;

What could cause the difference?

---

Inspired by k3b&#39;s answer, I did another test. I created a new class library project.

 1. Add a file reference. The initial value of *Specific Version* in *Properties* pane is *False*. The `csproj` file look like

        &lt;Reference Include=&quot;Name&quot;&gt;
          &lt;HintPath&gt;...&lt;/HintPath&gt;
        &lt;/Reference&gt;

 2. Change *Specific Version* in *Properties* pane to *True*. VS adds version in the `Include` attribute.

        &lt;Reference Include=&quot;Name, Version=...&quot;&gt;
          &lt;HintPath&gt;...&lt;/HintPath&gt;
        &lt;/Reference&gt;

 3. Change *Specific Version* in *Properties* pane to *False* again. VS adds a child element `SpecificVersion`.

        &lt;Reference Include=&quot;Name, Version=...&quot;&gt;
          &lt;HintPath&gt;...&lt;/HintPath&gt;
          &lt;SpecificVersion&gt;False&lt;/SpecificVersion&gt;
        &lt;/Reference&gt;

So it seems that the rule is:

 - When *Version* is present in *Include* attribute and there is no `SpecificVersion` child element, the file assembly is configured to be Specific Version
 - The `SpecificVersion` child element is only appended with value *False*.

One thing I still do not understand:

 - For my new test project, if I remove the file reference and add it back again, it goes back to format in point 1, which is the default.
 - For my existing project, if I remove the file reference and add it back again, I get back format in point 3. Although it also means that Specific Version is not used, I am wondering why it does not go back to format in point 1.

Understanding a csproj assembly reference

In my Visual Studio 2013 RC project, I&#39;m getting this err msg:

&gt; &quot;*The type &#39;System.Net.Http.Formatting.MediaTypeFormatter&#39; is defined
&gt; in an assembly that is not referenced. You must add a reference to
&gt; assembly &#39;System.Net.Http.Formatting, Version=4.0.0.0,
&gt; Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=31bf3856ad364e35&#39;*&quot;

...on the `&quot;var response = &quot;` line of code in a Controller:

    public HttpResponseMessage PostDelivery(Delivery delivery)
    {
        delivery = repository.Add(delivery);
        var response = Request.CreateResponse&lt;Delivery&gt;(HttpStatusCode.Created, delivery);

        string uri = Url.Link(&quot;DefaultApi&quot;, new { id = delivery.Id });
        response.Headers.Location = new Uri(uri);
        return response;
    }

Searching my hard drive for the required assembly (&quot;System.Net.Http.Formatting&quot;), it shows me several locations where it exists, but they are all within existing projects, as is seen here:

![enter image description here][1]

Surely there is another location from which System.Net.Http.Formatting.dll can be referenced! But where?

UPDATE
------

Trying to follow the clue here: http://www.nuget.org/packages/System.Net.Http.Formatting

IOW, by selecting Tools &gt; Library Package Manager &gt; Package Manager Console, and entering: 

    Install-Package System.Net.Http.Formatting -Version 4.0.20710

...I see the red bulls of Pamplona (not the beverage) descending wild-eyed upon me:

![enter image description here][2]

UPDATE 2
--------

I added the System.Net.Http.Formatting.dll from here:

    C:\Users\clay\My Documents\Visual Studio 2013\Projects\MvcApplication1\MvcApplication1\bin

...and it now compiles and runs and works as expected, but that is obviously &quot;not the preferred method&quot;

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/UJlOi.png
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/P45oN.png


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	pencilCake	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - .Net	Adam Houldsworth	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What is the difference between Version and 'Runtime Version' in .Net?

.Net Problem Overview

.Net Solutions

Solution 1 - .Net

How to generate in PHP all combinations of items in multiple arrays

Difference between F5, Ctrl + F5 and click on refresh button?

Attributions