What is stdClass in PHP?

Please define what stdClass is.

stdClass is just a generic 'empty' class that's used when casting other types to objects. Despite what the other two answers say, stdClass is not the base class for objects in PHP. This can be demonstrated fairly easily:

class Foo{}
$foo = new Foo();
echo ($foo instanceof stdClass)?'Y':'N';
// outputs 'N'

I don't believe there's a concept of a base object in PHP

stdClass is PHP's generic empty class, kind of like Object in Java or object in Python (Edit: but not actually used as universal base class; thanks @Ciaran for pointing this out).

It is useful for anonymous objects, dynamic properties, etc.

An easy way to consider the StdClass is as an alternative to associative array. See this example below that shows how json_decode() allows to get an StdClass instance or an associative array. Also but not shown in this example, SoapClient::__soapCall returns an StdClass instance.

<?php
//Example with StdClass
$json = '{ "foo": "bar", "number": 42 }';
$stdInstance = json_decode($json);
echo $stdInstance->foo . PHP_EOL; //"bar"
echo $stdInstance->number . PHP_EOL; //42
//Example with associative array
$array = json_decode($json, true);
echo $array['foo'] . PHP_EOL; //"bar"
echo $array['number'] . PHP_EOL; //42

See Dynamic Properties in PHP and StdClass for more examples.

stdClass is a another great PHP feature. You can create a anonymous PHP class. Lets check an example.

$page=new stdClass();
$page->name='Home';
$page->status=1;

now think you have a another class that will initialize with a page object and execute base on it.

<?php
class PageShow {

	public $currentpage;

	public function __construct($pageobj)
	{
		$this->currentpage = $pageobj;
	}

	public function show()
	{
		echo $this->currentpage->name;
		$state = ($this->currentpage->status == 1) ? 'Active' : 'Inactive';
		echo 'This is ' . $state . ' page';
	}
}

Now you have to create a new PageShow object with a Page Object.

Here no need to write a new Class Template for this you can simply use stdClass to create a Class on the fly.

    $pageview=new PageShow($page);
    $pageview->show();

Also worth noting, an stdClass object can be created from the use of json_decode() as well.

Using stdClass you can create a new object with it's own properties. Consider the following example that represents the details of a user as an associative array.

$array_user = array();
$array_user["name"] = "smith john";
$array_user["username"] = "smith";
$array_user["id"] = "1002";
$array_user["email"] = "[email protected]";

If you need to represent the same details as the properties of an object, you can use stdClass as below.

$obj_user = new stdClass;
$obj_user->name = "smith john";
$obj_user->username = "smith";
$obj_user->id = "1002";
$obj_user->email = "[email protected]";

If you are a Joomla developer refer this example in the Joomla docs for further understanding.

Likewise,

$myNewObj->setNewVar = 'newVal'; 

yields a stdClass object - auto casted

I found this out today by misspelling:

$GLOBASLS['myObj']->myPropertyObj->myProperty = 'myVal';

Cool!

stdClass is not an anonymous class or anonymous object

Answers here includes expressions that stdClass is an anonymous class or even anonymous object. It's not a true.

stdClass is just a regular predefined class. You can check this using instanceof operator or function get_class. Nothing special goes here. PHP uses this class when casting other values to object.

In many cases where stdClass is used by the programmers the array is better option, because of useful functions and the fact that this usecase represents the data structure not a real object.

The reason why we have stdClass is because in PHP there is no way to distinguish a normal array from an associate array (like in Javascript you have {} for object and [] for array to distinguish them).

So this creates a problem for empty objects. Take this for example.

PHP:

$a = [1, 2, 3]; // this is an array
$b = ['one' => 1, 'two' => 2]; // this is an associate array (aka hash)
$c = ['a' => $a, 'b' => $b]; // this is also an associate array (aka hash)

Let's assume you want to JSON encode the variable $c

echo json_encode($c);
// outputs => {'a': [1,2,3], 'b': {one: 1, two: 2}}

Now let's say you deleted all the keys from $b making it empty. Since $b is now empty (you deleted all the keys remember?), it looks like [] which can be either an array or object if you look at it.

So if you do a json_encode again, the output will be different

echo json_encode($c);
// outputs => {'a': [1,2,3], 'b': []}

This is a problem because we know b that was supposed to be an associate array but PHP (or any function like json_encode) doesn't.

So stdClass comes to rescue. Taking the same example again

$a = [1, 2, 3]; // this is an array
$b = (object) ['one' => 1, 'two' => 2]; // this makes it an stdClass
$c = ['a' => $a, 'b' => $b]; // this is also an associate array (aka hash)

So now even if you delete all keys from $b and make it empty, since it is an stdClass it won't matter and when you json_encode it you will get this:

echo json_encode($c);
// outputs => {'a': [1,2,3], 'b': {}}

This is also the reason why json_encode and json_decode by default return stdClass.

 $c = json_decode('{"a": [1,2,3], "b": {}}', true); //true to deocde as array
 // $c is now ['a' => [1,2,3], 'b' => []] in PHP
 // if you json_encode($c) again your data is now corrupted

Its also worth noting that by using Casting you do not actually need to create an object as in the answer given by @Bandula. Instead you can simply cast your array to an object and the stdClass is returned. For example:

$array = array(
	'Property1'=>'hello',
	'Property2'=>'world',
	'Property3'=>'again',
);

$obj = (object) $array;
echo $obj->Property3;

Output: again

Actually I tried creating empty stdClass and compared the speed to empty class.

class emp{}

then proceeded creating 1000 stdClasses and emps... empty classes were done in around 1100 microseconds while stdClasses took over 1700 microseconds. So I guess its better to create your own dummy class for storing data if you want to use objects for that so badly (arrays are a lot faster for both writing and reading).

stdClass objects in use

The stdClass allows you to create anonymous classes and with object casting you can also access keys of an associative array in OOP style. Just like you would access the regular object property.

Example

class Example {

  private $options;

  public function __construct(Array $setup)
  {
    // casting Array to stdClass object
    $this->options = (object) $setup;

    // access stdClass object in oop style - here transform data in OOP style using some custom method or something...
    echo $this->options->{'name'}; // ->{'key'}
    echo $this->options->surname;  // ->key
  }

}

$ob1 = new Example(["name" => "John", "surname" => "Doe"]);

will echo

> John Doe

php.net manual has a few solid explanation and examples contributed by users of what stdClass is, I especially like this one http://php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.basic.php#92123, https://stackoverflow.com/a/1434375/2352773.

> stdClass is the default PHP object. stdClass has no properties, > methods or parent. It does not support magic methods, and implements > no interfaces. > > When you cast a scalar or array as Object, you get an instance of > stdClass. You can use stdClass whenever you need a generic object > instance. > > stdClass is NOT a base class! PHP classes do not automatically inherit > from any class. All classes are standalone, unless they explicitly > extend another class. PHP differs from many object-oriented languages > in this respect. > > You could define a class that extends stdClass, but you would get no > benefit, as stdClass does nothing.

If you wanted to quickly create a new object to hold some data about a book. You would do something like this:

$book = new stdClass;
$book->title = "Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban";
$book->author = "J. K. Rowling";
$book->publisher = "Arthur A. Levine Books";
$book->amazon_link = "http://www.amazon.com/dp/0439136369/";

Please check the site - http://www.webmaster-source.com/2009/08/20/php-stdclass-storing-data-object-instead-array/ for more details.

[tag:stdclass] is a way in which the [tag:php] avoid stopping interpreting the script when there is some data must be put in a class , but unfortunately this class was not defined

Example :

 return $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS  , 'Tasks');

Here the data will be put in the predefined 'Tasks' . But, if we did the code as this :

 return $statement->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_CLASS );

then the [tag:php] will put the results in [tag:stdclass] .

simply [tag:php] says that : look , we have a good KIDS[Objects] Here but without Parents . So , we will send them to a infant child Care Home [tag:stdclass] :)

Please bear in mind that 2 empty stdClasses are not strictly equal. This is very important when writing mockery expectations.

php > $a = new stdClass();
php > $b = new stdClass();
php > var_dump($a === $b);
bool(false)
php > var_dump($a == $b);
bool(true)
php > var_dump($a);
object(stdClass)#1 (0) {
}
php > var_dump($b);
object(stdClass)#2 (0) {
}
php >

stClass is an empty class created by php itself , and should be used by php only, because it is not just an "empty" class , php uses stdClass to convert arrays to object style if you need to use stdClass , I recommend two better options : 1- use arrays (much faster than classes) 2- make your own empty class and use it

//example 1
$data=array('k1'=>'v1' , 'k2'=>'v2',....);

//example 2
//creating an empty class is faster than instances an stdClass
class data={}
$data=new data();
$data->k1='v1';
$data->k2='v2';

what makes someone to think about using the object style instead of array style???

You can also use object to cast arrays to an object of your choice:

Class Example
{
   public $name;
   public $age;
}

Now to create an object of type Example and to initialize it you can do either of these:

$example = new Example();
$example->name = "some name";
$example->age = 22;

OR

$example = new Example();
$example = (object) ['name' => "some name", 'age' => 22];

The second method is mostly useful for initializing objects with many properties.

stdClass in PHP is classic generic class. It has no built-in properties or methods. Basically, It's used for casting the types, creating objects with dynamic properties, etc. If you have the javascript background, You can determine as

$o = new \stdClass();

is equivalent to

const o = {};

It creates empty object, later populated by the program control flow.