It is heuristic cycle detection. You can turn it off from toolbar or from menu &quot;View-&gt;Detect cycles&quot; or &quot;View-&gt;Do cycle detection&quot;. 

Cycle is something like recursion, both direct ( `f() -&gt; f() -&gt; f()` where `-&gt;` means call  ) and indirect ( ` f()-&gt;g()-&gt;f()-&gt;g()-&gt;f()`)

Callgring format (used in kcachegrind) is not saving full call stack, it stores only pairs caller-callee and it may be hard to restore longer cycles from this information

Although @osgx mentions that you *can* turn off Cycle Detection, I just wanted to point out here that if you feel that `&lt;cycle 1&gt;` is hiding something of interest to you, that you probably **should** turn off cycle detection as he explains.

Disabling cycle detection in my case actually revealed some key pieces of information that were missing before.

Apparently, we can pass complex class instances to functions, but why can&#39;t we pass arrays to functions?

Why can&#39;t we pass arrays to function by value?

When I create a new mock I need to call the expects method. What exactly it does? What about its arguments?

    $todoListMock = $this-&gt;getMock(&#39;\Model\Todo_List&#39;);
            $todoListMock-&gt;expects($this-&gt;any())
                -&gt;method(&#39;getItems&#39;)
                -&gt;will($this-&gt;returnValue(array($itemMock)));

I can&#39;t find the reason anywhere (I&#39;ve tried docs). I&#39;ve read the sources but I can&#39;t understand it.

PHPUnit: expects method meaning

I have an xdebug profile on a php script that I parsed with kcachegrind. Here is a screenshot showing that the most time spent inside any given function was spent inside `&lt;cycle 1&gt;` and the top &#39;Callers&#39; were made from &#39;include&#39; and &#39;include_once&#39; in index.php.

![kcachegrind of xdebug profile showing cycle 1][1]

This profile was run during a stress-test using apache &#39;ab&#39; so there were many concurrent connections occurring.

What does `&lt;cycle 1&gt;` indicate on an xdebug profile?

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/PSguD.png

What is &quot;&lt;Cycle 1&gt;&quot; an indication of in Xdebug?

I have an xdebug profile on a php script that I parsed with kcachegrind. Here is a screenshot showing that the most time spent inside any given function was spent inside <code>&#x3C;cycle 1></code> and the top 'Callers' were made from 'include' and 'include_once' in index.php.
<img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/PSguD.png" alt="kcachegrind of xdebug profile showing cycle 1">
This profile was run during a stress-test using apache 'ab' so there were many concurrent connections occurring.
What does <code>&#x3C;cycle 1></code> indicate on an xdebug profile?

I am using cProfile on a module named bot4CA.py so in the console I type: 

    python -m cProfile -o thing.txt bot4CA.py


After the module runs and exits, it creates a file named thing.txt and when I open it, there is some information there, and the rest is a jumble of characters instead of a neatly organized file of data which is what I want. Does any one know how to use cProfile and end up with neatly organized table of data like when using it normally on command line, except in a file?
Here&#39;s an example of some of the data in the .txt file:

 

    {(   s)   build\bdist.win32\egg\colorama\winterm.pyi&#39;   t	   reset_all(   i   i   gp&#224;&#194;s% ?geO&#217;H&#204;œE?{(   s-   build\bdist.win32\egg\colorama\ansitowin32.pyi&#165;

What I really want is what happens when you invoke cProfile.run() which results in a neatly organized table printed showing the execution times of all the functions except instead of printed, saved in a file as this program is fairly large and runs a lot of functions.

cProfile saving data to file causes jumbles of characters

Let&#39;s say I wanted to benchmark two programs: foo.py and bar.py.

Are a couple thousand runs and the respective averages of `time python foo.py` and `time python bar.py` adequate enough for profiling and comparing their speed?
&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Edit:&lt;/b&gt; Additionally, if the execution of each program was sub-second (assume it wasn&#39;t for the above), would `time` still be okay to use?

Is the UNIX `time` command accurate enough for benchmarks?

What is a standard way of profiling Scala method calls?

What I need are hooks around a method, using which I can use to start and stop Timers.

In Java I use aspect programming, aspectJ, to define the methods to be profiled and inject bytecode to achieve the same.

Is there a more natural way in Scala, where I can define a bunch of functions to be called before and after a function without losing any static typing in the process?



How to profile methods in Scala?

I want to find out what the maximum amount of RAM allocated during the call to a function is (in Python). There are other questions on SO related to tracking RAM usage:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/110259/python-memory-profiler

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/552744/how-do-i-profile-memory-usage-in-python

but those seem to allow you more to track memory usage at the time the ``heap()`` method (in the case of guppy) is called. However, what I want to track is a function in an external library which I can&#39;t modify, and which grows to use a lot of RAM but then frees it once the execution of the function is complete. Is there any way to find out what the total amount of RAM used during the function call was?

Tracking *maximum* memory usage by a Python function

I&#39;m using `python -m cProfile -s calls myscript.py`

`python -m cProfile -s percall myscript.py` does not work.

The Python documentation says &quot;Look in the Stats documentation for valid sort values.&quot;: http://docs.python.org/library/profile.html#module-cProfile, which I cannot find.

Sort cProfile output by percall when profiling a Python script

I want a team using different computers to be able to debug PHP on a **remote** server, but I am having a hard time getting Xdebug to work in NetBeans 7.0.1. I’ve tried many online tips, but to no avail.

For the record, I have successfully installed Xdebug **locally** on a Windows 7 machine running WampServer. So I *can* debug PHP with breakpoints in NetBeans, provided I set the *Project Properties-&gt;Run Configuration-&gt;Run As* property to *Local Web Site*. However, as stated above my goal is to debug in NetBeans on a *Remote Web Site*. 

My server is a Ubuntu 11.04 machine. I have used the output from [http://www.xdebug.org/find-binary.php][1] to put the proper binary on the machine. I have modified all `php.ini` files I could find (in both the `php5/apache2` and `php5/cli` directories) to include these lines:

    zend_extension=&quot;/usr/lib/php5/20090626+lfs/xdebug.so&quot;
    xdebug.remote_enable=1
    xdebug.remote_handler=dbgp
    xdebug.remote_host=localhost
    xdebug.remote_port=9000

If I check the `phpinfo.php` web page, it says: 

    This program makes use of the Zend Scripting Language Engine:
    Zend Engine v2.3.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2010 Zend Technologies
        with Xdebug v2.1.2, Copyright (c) 2002-2011, by Derick Rethans

So Xdebug does seem to be installed properly. Still, when I try debugging in NetBeans, I get the endless status bar message *Waiting For Connection (netbeans-xdebug)*. When I hit the stop button I get *No connection from xdebug was detected within X seconds. The reason could be that xdebug is not installed or not properly configured*.

Maybe I&#39;m confusing local settings with server settings here? [A post][2] said `xdebug.remote_host` should be set to the *IP of the machine running NetBeans*, but I want a team to be able to debug using machines with different IP addresses. A problem could be port 9000, but I have checked that it is not blocked.

Any help that could clarify this would be appreciated!


  [1]: http://www.xdebug.org/find-binary.php
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4528569/xdebug-and-netbeans-problem

Xdebug for remote server not connecting

I have made a function that finds all the URLs within an html file and repeats the same process for each html content linked to the discovered URLs. The function is recursive and can go on endlessly. However, I have put a limit on the recursion by setting a global variable which causes the recursion to stop after 100 recursions.

However, php returns this error:

&gt;  Fatal error: Maximum function nesting level of &#39;100&#39; reached,
&gt; aborting! in
&gt; D:\wamp\www\crawler1\simplehtmldom_1_5\simple_html_dom.php on line
&gt; 1355

![ERROR](http://i.stack.imgur.com/J6cIy.png)

I found a solution here: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4293775/increasing-nesting-functions-calls-limit but this is not working in my case.

*I am quoting one of the answers from the link mentioned above. Please do consider it.*

&gt;&quot;Do you have Zend, IonCube, or xDebug installed? If so, that is probably where you are getting this error from.
&gt;
&gt;I ran into this a few years ago, and it ended up being Zend putting that limit there, not PHP. Of course removing it will let &gt;you go past the 100 iterations, but you will eventually hit the memory limits.&quot;


Is there a way to increase the maximum function nesting level in PHP


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/J6cIy.png

Solution for &quot;Fatal error: Maximum function nesting level of &#39;100&#39; reached, aborting!&quot; in PHP

I think that my server became slow since I installed XDebug.
So, in order to test my hypothesis I want to disable XDebug completely.
I&#39;ve been searching for tutorials on how to do this but I can&#39;t find such information.


How to disable XDebug

I am using [xdebug][1] (php_xdebug-2.1.2-5.3-vc9.dll) on [WAMP][2]. When I use `var_dump` on a large object or variable it does not show the full variable.

    array
    &#39;node&#39; =&gt; 
      array
        &#39;my_form&#39; =&gt; 
          array
            &#39;form&#39; =&gt; 
              array
                ...

Without xdebug it shows as should be expected.  I looked at the documentation but did not see a solution. Does anyone know how I can fix this so xdebug `var_dump` shows the *full* object?


  [1]: http://xdebug.org/
  [2]: http://www.wampserver.com/en/

How to get xdebug var_dump to show full object/array

I&#39;ve tried running the following CLI command:

    phpunit -d xdebug.profiler_enable=on XYZTestCase.php

but it just runs as normal.  Can anyone point me in the right direction??  Thx!

Here&#39;s the XDebug settings: 

    xdebug
    
    xdebug support =&gt; enabled
    Version =&gt; 2.1.2
    
    Supported protocols =&gt; Revision
    DBGp - Common DeBuGger Protocol =&gt; $Revision: 1.145 $
    
    Directive =&gt; Local Value =&gt; Master Value
    xdebug.auto_trace =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.collect_assignments =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.collect_includes =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.collect_params =&gt; 0 =&gt; 0
    xdebug.collect_return =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.collect_vars =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.default_enable =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.dump.COOKIE =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.ENV =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.FILES =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.GET =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.POST =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.REQUEST =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.SERVER =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump.SESSION =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.dump_globals =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.dump_once =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.dump_undefined =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.extended_info =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.file_link_format =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.idekey =&gt; Nam =&gt; no value
    xdebug.manual_url =&gt; http://www.php.net =&gt; http://www.php.net
    xdebug.max_nesting_level =&gt; 100 =&gt; 100
    xdebug.overload_var_dump =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.profiler_aggregate =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.profiler_append =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.profiler_enable =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.profiler_enable_trigger =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.profiler_output_dir =&gt; c:/wamp/tmp =&gt; c:/wamp/tmp
    xdebug.profiler_output_name =&gt; cachegrind.out.%t.%p =&gt; cachegrind.out.%t.%p
    xdebug.remote_autostart =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.remote_connect_back =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.remote_cookie_expire_time =&gt; 3600 =&gt; 3600
    xdebug.remote_enable =&gt; On =&gt; On
    xdebug.remote_handler =&gt; dbgp =&gt; dbgp
    xdebug.remote_host =&gt; localhost =&gt; localhost
    xdebug.remote_log =&gt; no value =&gt; no value
    xdebug.remote_mode =&gt; req =&gt; req
    xdebug.remote_port =&gt; 9000 =&gt; 9000
    xdebug.scream =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.show_exception_trace =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.show_local_vars =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.show_mem_delta =&gt; Off =&gt; Off
    xdebug.trace_format =&gt; 0 =&gt; 0
    xdebug.trace_options =&gt; 0 =&gt; 0
    xdebug.trace_output_dir =&gt; \ =&gt; \
    xdebug.trace_output_name =&gt; trace.%c =&gt; trace.%c
    xdebug.var_display_max_children =&gt; 128 =&gt; 128
    xdebug.var_display_max_data =&gt; 512 =&gt; 512
    xdebug.var_display_max_depth =&gt; 3 =&gt; 3

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Derek Downey	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Profiling	osgx	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Profiling	Cory Klein	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What is "<Cycle 1>" an indication of in Xdebug?

Profiling Problem Overview

Profiling Solutions

Solution 1 - Profiling

Solution 2 - Profiling

PHPUnit: expects method meaning

Why can't we pass arrays to function by value?

Attributions