It&#39;s called `Nullable types`.

Which defines `?int` as either `int` or `null`.

&gt; Type declarations for parameters and return values can now be marked as nullable by prefixing the type name with a question mark. This signifies that as well as the specified type, NULL can be passed as an argument, or returned as a value, respectively.

Example : 

    function nullOrInt(?int $arg){
        var_dump($arg);
    }

    nullOrInt(100);
    nullOrInt(null);

function `nullOrInt` will accept both null and int.

Ref: http://php.net/manual/en/migration71.new-features.php

JUnit 5 does not invoke my method in a test class that is annotated with the `@BeforeEach` annotation, where I initialize some fields of the test object that are needed in the tests. When trying to access these fields inside a test method (method annotated with `@Test`) I obviously get a NullpointerException. So I added some output messages to the methods.

    import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.assertEquals;
    
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
    import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
    
    public class TestClass {
       private String s;
    
       public TestClass() {
    
       }
    
       @BeforeEach
       public void init() {
          System.out.println(&quot;before&quot;);
          s = &quot;not null&quot;;
       }
    
       @Test
       public void test0() {
          System.out.println(&quot;testing&quot;);
          assertEquals(&quot;not null&quot;, s.toString());
       }
    
    }

In the output of the tests when running `mvn clean test` I get the &quot;testing&quot; message from the `test0()` method annotated with `@Test` annotation, but the &quot;before&quot; message is not printed.

    Running de.dk.spielwiese.TestClass
    !!!testing!!!
    Tests run: 1, Failures: 1, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0 sec &lt;&lt;&lt; FAILURE!
    de.dk.spielwiese.TestClass.test0()  Time elapsed: 0 sec  &lt;&lt;&lt; FAILURE!
    java.lang.NullPointerException
            at de.dk.spielwiese.TestClass.test0(TestClass.java:24)

The very obvious and only reason that I can think of is that the `init()` method is not invoked. The documentation of `@BeforeEach` says

&gt; @BeforeEach is used to signal that the annotated method should be
&gt; executed before each @Test, @RepeatedTest, @ParameterizedTest,
&gt; @TestFactory, and @TestTemplate method in the current test class.

I also tried running the tests in eclipse and there they always pass without any errors.

I am using maven 3.5.3.
I declared JUnit Jupiter 5.1.0 as dependency in my pom.xml

    &lt;project xmlns=&quot;http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0&quot;
	xmlns:xsi=&quot;http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance&quot;
	xsi:schemaLocation=&quot;http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd&quot;&gt;
	&lt;modelVersion&gt;4.0.0&lt;/modelVersion&gt;

	&lt;groupId&gt;de.dk&lt;/groupId&gt;
	&lt;artifactId&gt;spielwiese&lt;/artifactId&gt;
	&lt;version&gt;0-SNAPSHOT&lt;/version&gt;
	&lt;packaging&gt;jar&lt;/packaging&gt;

	&lt;name&gt;Spielwiese&lt;/name&gt;

	&lt;properties&gt;
		&lt;project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;UTF-8&lt;/project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;
	&lt;/properties&gt;
	&lt;build&gt;
		&lt;plugins&gt;
			&lt;plugin&gt;
				&lt;artifactId&gt;maven-assembly-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
				&lt;version&gt;3.0.0&lt;/version&gt;
				&lt;configuration&gt;
					&lt;archive&gt;
						&lt;manifest&gt;
							&lt;mainClass&gt;de.dk.spielwiese.Spielwiese&lt;/mainClass&gt;
						&lt;/manifest&gt;
					&lt;/archive&gt;
					&lt;descriptorRefs&gt;
						&lt;descriptorRef&gt;jar-with-dependencies&lt;/descriptorRef&gt;
					&lt;/descriptorRefs&gt;
					&lt;appendAssemblyId&gt;false&lt;/appendAssemblyId&gt;
					&lt;finalName&gt;Spielwiese&lt;/finalName&gt;
				&lt;/configuration&gt;
				&lt;executions&gt;
					&lt;execution&gt;
						&lt;id&gt;assemble-all&lt;/id&gt;
						&lt;phase&gt;package&lt;/phase&gt;
						&lt;goals&gt;
							&lt;goal&gt;single&lt;/goal&gt;
						&lt;/goals&gt;
					&lt;/execution&gt;
				&lt;/executions&gt;
			&lt;/plugin&gt;
			&lt;plugin&gt;
				&lt;artifactId&gt;maven-compiler-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
				&lt;version&gt;3.6.2&lt;/version&gt;
				&lt;configuration&gt;
					&lt;source&gt;1.8&lt;/source&gt;
					&lt;target&gt;1.8&lt;/target&gt;
				&lt;/configuration&gt;
			&lt;/plugin&gt;
			&lt;plugin&gt;
				&lt;artifactId&gt;maven-jar-plugin&lt;/artifactId&gt;
				&lt;version&gt;3.0.2&lt;/version&gt;
			&lt;/plugin&gt;
		&lt;/plugins&gt;
	&lt;/build&gt;

	&lt;dependencies&gt;
		&lt;dependency&gt;
			&lt;groupId&gt;de.dk&lt;/groupId&gt;
			&lt;artifactId&gt;util&lt;/artifactId&gt;
			&lt;version&gt;0.0.1&lt;/version&gt;
		&lt;/dependency&gt;
		&lt;dependency&gt;
			&lt;groupId&gt;org.junit.jupiter&lt;/groupId&gt;
			&lt;artifactId&gt;junit-jupiter-engine&lt;/artifactId&gt;
			&lt;version&gt;5.1.0&lt;/version&gt;
			&lt;scope&gt;test&lt;/scope&gt;
		&lt;/dependency&gt;
	&lt;/dependencies&gt;
&lt;/project&gt;

Why is my `init()` method not invoked?

JUnit 5 does not execute method annotated with BeforeEach

I build react native app and I use with scrollView for header with list of text horizontal.
The issue is that the height of the scroll view takes half size of the screen. Even after declared it as a style, it still stays as it is.

screen with the scrollView

&lt;!-- language-all: lang-js --&gt;
    
                &lt;View style={Style.container} &gt;
                    {this.props.ExtendedNavigationStore.HeaderTitle ? &lt;BackHeader header={this.props.ExtendedNavigationStore.HeaderTitle} onPressBack={this.goBack} /&gt; : &lt;Header openDrawer={this.openDrawer} /&gt;}
                    &lt;ScrollView  contentContainerStyle={{flexGrow:1}} style={Style.scrollableView} horizontal showsHorizontalScrollIndicator={false}&gt;
                        {this.renderScrollableHeader()}
                    &lt;/ScrollView&gt;
                    &lt;Routes /&gt; /* stack with dashboard screen */
                &lt;/View&gt;
            &lt;/Drawer&gt;

        )
    }


styles

    import {StyleSheet} from &#39;react-native&#39;
    import {calcSize} from &#39;../../utils&#39;
    
    
    const Styles = StyleSheet.create({
        container : {
            flex:1,  
            backgroundColor:&quot;#e9e7e8&quot;      
        },
        scrollableView:{
            height: calcSize(40),
            backgroundColor: &#39;#000&#39;,
    
        },
        textCategory:{
            fontSize: calcSize(25),
            color:&#39;#fff&#39;
        },
        scrollableButton:{
            flex:1,
            margin:calcSize(30)
        }
    })
    
    export default Styles

[![enter image description here][1]][1]


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/YOiAq.png

As you can see the black size is the scroll View, 
I want it to be small.

In routes stack into dashboard screen, the style:

    const Style = StyleSheet.create({
        container: {
            backgroundColor: &#39;#9BC53D&#39;,
            flex: 1,
            justifyContent: &#39;space-around&#39;,
            alignItems: &#39;center&#39;
        },
        text: {
            fontSize: 35,
            color: &#39;white&#39;,
            margin: 10,
            backgroundColor: &#39;transparent&#39;
        },
        button: {
            width: 100,
            height: 75,
            margin: 20,
            borderWidth: 2,
            borderColor: &quot;#ecebeb&quot;,
            justifyContent: &quot;center&quot;,
            alignItems: &quot;center&quot;,
            borderRadius: 40
        }
    })

react native scrollView Height always stays static and does not change

I have seen this code in https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/master/src/Symfony/Component/Console/Output/Output.php line number 40 they are using ?int.

    public function __construct(?int $verbosity = self::VERBOSITY_NORMAL, bool $decorated = false, OutputFormatterInterface $formatter = null)
        {
            $this-&gt;verbosity = null === $verbosity ? self::VERBOSITY_NORMAL : $verbosity;
            $this-&gt;formatter = $formatter ?: new OutputFormatter();
            $this-&gt;formatter-&gt;setDecorated($decorated);
        }

What does question mark (?) before type declaration means in php (?int)

I have seen this code in <a href="https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/master/src/Symfony/Component/Console/Output/Output.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">https://github.com/symfony/symfony/blob/master/src/Symfony/Component/Console/Output/Output.php</a> line number 40 they are using ?int.
<pre><code class="hljs language-php">public function __construct(?int $verbosity = self::VERBOSITY_NORMAL, bool $decorated = false, OutputFormatterInterface $formatter = null)
 {
 $this->verbosity = null === $verbosity ? self::VERBOSITY_NORMAL : $verbosity;
 $this->formatter = $formatter ?: new OutputFormatter();
 $this->formatter->setDecorated($decorated);
 }
</code></pre>

I am calling my java webservice (POST request) via POSTMAN in the following manner which works perfectly fine (i.e. I can see my records getting inserted into the database):

[![enter image description here][1]][1]


And, here&#39;s how the contents inside the `Headers(1)` tab looks like:

[![enter image description here][2]][2]


Instead of calling it via POSTMAN, I have to call the same request in PHP using CURL. I am wondering if there&#39;s a way to export this command to `curl` command so that I could use it in my PHP code? I have found opposite approach at many places online where someone is asking to convert Curl based request to POSTMAN but couldn&#39;t figure out how to do the opposite.

Some [article][3]s I found for curl to postman


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/M1D5Y.png
  [2]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/uwVrt.png
  [3]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27957943/simulate-a-specific-curl-in-postman

Converting a POSTMAN request to Curl

`phpMyAdmin` worked fine with v4.7.9. Now after updating to v4.8.0 today (replacing the old `phpmyadmin` folder against the new one) I&#39;m getting this message in phpMyAdmin:

&gt; The $cfg[&#39;TempDir&#39;] (./tmp/) is not accessible. phpMyAdmin is not able
&gt; to cache templates and will be slow because of this.

I added the folder `./tmp/` like like this: `/usr/share/tmp`

phpMyAdmin is on: `/usr/share/phpmyadmin`

This didn&#39;t change anything.

Who know this error? What can I do?

Error in phpMyAdmin after updating to v4.8.0: The $cfg[&#39;TempDir&#39;] (./tmp/) is not accessible

I recently format my mac book pro, after cloning the proyect from github and install the things I need like MySql and Sequel Pro I tried to migrate the database information but I get this error:

       Illuminate\Database\QueryException  : SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1231 Variable &#39;sql_mode&#39; can&#39;t be set to the value of &#39;NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER&#39; (SQL: select * from information_schema.tables where table_schema = fisica and table_name = migrations)
    
      Exception trace:
    
      1   PDOException::(&quot;SQLSTATE[42000]: Syntax error or access violation: 1231 Variable &#39;sql_mode&#39; can&#39;t be set to the value of &#39;NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER&#39;&quot;)

Versions: 

Mysql  8.0.11

Laravel 5.6.12

PHP 7.1.14 (cli)


    DB_CONNECTION=mysql
    DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
    DB_PORT=3306
    DB_DATABASE=fisica
    DB_USERNAME=xxx
    DB_PASSWORD=xxx

I created the database from Sequel PRO GUI

Laravel mysql migrate error

I am using php `mysqli_connect` for login to a MySQL database (all on localhost)

    &lt;?php
    //DEFINE (&#39;DB_USER&#39;, &#39;user2&#39;);
    //DEFINE (&#39;DB_PASSWORD&#39;, &#39;pass2&#39;);
    DEFINE (&#39;DB_USER&#39;, &#39;user1&#39;);
    DEFINE (&#39;DB_PASSWORD&#39;, &#39;pass1&#39;);
    DEFINE (&#39;DB_HOST&#39;, &#39;127.0.0.1&#39;);
    DEFINE (&#39;DB_NAME&#39;, &#39;dbname&#39;);

    $dbc = mysqli_connect(DB_HOST, DB_USER, DB_PASSWORD, DB_NAME);
    
    if(!$dbc){
    	die(&#39;error connecting to database&#39;);	
    }
    ?&gt;

this is the mysql.user table:
[![mysql.user table][1]][1]

MySQL Server ini File:

    [mysqld]
    # The default authentication plugin to be used when connecting to the server
    default_authentication_plugin=caching_sha2_password
    #default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

with `caching_sha2_password` in the MySQL Server ini file, it&#39;s not possible at all to login with user1 or user2;

&gt; error: mysqli_connect(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in...

with `mysql_native_password` in the MySQL Server ini file, it&#39;s possible to login with user1, but with user2, same error;


----------


how can I login using `caching_sha2_password` on the mySql Server?


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/fyMXv.jpg

php mysqli_connect: authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password]

I have 2 columns in table servers.

I have columns `ip` and `hostname`.

I have validation:

    &#39;data.ip&#39; =&gt; [&#39;required&#39;, &#39;unique:servers,ip,&#39;.$this-&gt;id]

This working only for column `ip`. But how to do that it would work and for column `hostname`? 

I want validate data.ip with columns `ip` and `hostname`.
Because can be duplicates in columns ip and hostname, when user write ip.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Jagadesha NH	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Php	Ataur Rahman	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What does question mark (?) before type declaration means in php (?int)

Php Problem Overview

Php Solutions

Solution 1 - Php

react native scrollView Height always stays static and does not change

JUnit 5 does not execute method annotated with BeforeEach

Attributions