The `-D` flag is the shortcut for: `--save-dev`. Source: [https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install][1]

&gt; **-D, --save-dev**: Package will appear in your **devDependencies**.


  [1]: https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install

As described in the [NPM Install Docs](https://docs.npmjs.com/cli/install):

&gt; -D, `--save-dev`: Package will appear in your `devDependencies.`

Which means that the package will **not** be installed if you do `npm install --production`.

A detailed explanation of the different types of dependencies: [SO-Answer](https://stackoverflow.com/a/22004559/4508555)

Flag `-D` is often used along with `i` which stands for &quot;install&quot;

For example: 
`npm i -D package-name`



I would like to have PostgreSQL return the result of a query as one JSON array. Given

    create table t (a int primary key, b text);

    insert into t values (1, &#39;value1&#39;);
    insert into t values (2, &#39;value2&#39;);
    insert into t values (3, &#39;value3&#39;);

I would like something similar to

    [{&quot;a&quot;:1,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;value1&quot;},{&quot;a&quot;:2,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;value2&quot;},{&quot;a&quot;:3,&quot;b&quot;:&quot;value3&quot;}]
or 

    {&quot;a&quot;:[1,2,3], &quot;b&quot;:[&quot;value1&quot;,&quot;value2&quot;,&quot;value3&quot;]}

(actually it would be more useful to know both). I have tried some things like

    select row_to_json(row) from (select * from t) row;
    select array_agg(row) from (select * from t) row;
    select array_to_string(array_agg(row), &#39;&#39;) from (select * from t) row;

And I feel I am close, but not there really. Should I be looking at other documentation except for [9.15. JSON Functions and Operators][1]?

By the way, I am not sure about my idea. Is this a usual design decision? My thinking is that I could, of course, take the result (for example) of the first of the above 3 queries and manipulate it slightly in the application before serving it to the client, but if PostgreSQL can create the final JSON object directly, it would be simpler, because I still have not included any dependency on any JSON library in my application. 


  [1]: http://www.postgresql.org/docs/9.3/static/functions-json.html &quot;9.15. JSON Functions and Operators&quot;

PostgreSQL return result set as JSON array?

I am a bit confused on what `random.seed()` does in Python. For example, why does the below trials do what they do (consistently)? 

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import random
    &gt;&gt;&gt; random.seed(9001)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; random.randint(1, 10)
    1
    &gt;&gt;&gt; random.randint(1, 10)
    3
    &gt;&gt;&gt; random.randint(1, 10)
    6
    &gt;&gt;&gt; random.randint(1, 10)
    6
    &gt;&gt;&gt; random.randint(1, 10)
    7

I couldn&#39;t find good documentation on this.

random.seed(): What does it do?

I am about to install [this](https://github.com/firstandthird/load-grunt-config) npm package and it says `npm install -D load-grunt-config`, what does the -D flag do?

what does npm -D flag mean?

<p>I am about to install <a href="https://github.com/firstandthird/load-grunt-config" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">this</a> npm package and it says <code>npm install -D load-grunt-config</code>, what does the -D flag do?</p>


I am getting `npm ERR! network getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND` error while trying to install any package using NPM. I know there are numerous threads on the same issue but I could not find any thread which can help me. 

I have set the proxy &amp; I think its something to do with proxy not being set correctly\not using the correct url. 

    npm config set proxy http://proxy.company.com:8080
    npm config set https-proxy http://proxy.company.com:8080

Is there any way to check the URL I am using while setting proxy is correct? Are there any steps I need to take in order rectify this issue?

![enter image description here][1]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/CKKnI.png

npm ERR! network getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND

I&#39;m trying to install github private repository by npm that includes other private github repositories as dependency.

Have tried a lot of ways and posts but none is working. Here is what i&#39;m doing :

    npm install git+https://github.com/myusername/mygitrepository.git

in package.json  is like : 

    &quot;dependencies&quot;: {
        &quot;repository1name&quot;: &quot;git+https://github.com/myusername/repository1.git&quot;,
        &quot;repository2name&quot;: &quot;git+https://github.com/myusername/repository2.git&quot;
    }

What is the the right way to do it?


npm install private github repositories by dependency in package.json

I&#39;m running npm on Windows and would like to use &amp; style parallel operations in run-scripts
but running in parallel in cmd is kind of messy 
in my package.json file I&#39;d like to write- 

    scripts: { &quot;go&quot;: &quot;cmd1 &amp; cmd2&quot;} 

but npm executes the script under cmd.exe which does not know about `;`  I could change this to
scripts: `{ &quot;go&quot;: &quot;bats/bat1.bat&quot;)` where bat1.bat is a cmd bat file that uses the windows style call or start commands to run commands in parallel. which works but gives me a script that only works on Windows.

It would be a lot simpler if I could get npm to run the script under a bash clone or cygwin.

I tried 
`config: { &quot;shell&quot;: &quot;bash&quot;}`
but that still ran cmd.exe

Is there any way to tell npm to run-scripts using a specific shell (not cmd.exe)?



How to set shell for npm run-scripts in Windows

You build node.js app with express v4.x then start your app by **npm start**. My question is how to stop the app? Is there **npm stop**?

**EDIT** to include the error when implement __npm stop__

	/home/nodetest2# npm stop

	&gt; nodetest2@0.0.1 stop /home/nodetest2
	&gt; pkill -s SIGINT nodetest2

	pkill: invalid argument for option &#39;s&#39; -- SIGINT

	npm ERR! nodetest2@0.0.1 stop: `pkill -s SIGINT nodetest2`
	npm ERR! Exit status 2


How to stop app that node.js express &#39;npm start&#39;

I am new to nodejs and browserify. I started with this [link][1] .

I have file main.js which contains this code

    var unique = require(&#39;uniq&#39;);
    
    var data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6];
    
    this.LogData =function(){
    console.log(unique(data));
    };

Now I Install the uniq module with npm:

     npm install uniq

Then I bundle up all the required modules starting at main.js into a single file called bundle.js with the browserify command: 

    browserify main.js -o bundle.js


The generated file looks like this:

    (function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require==&quot;function&quot;&amp;&amp;require;if(!u&amp;&amp;a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);throw new Error(&quot;Cannot find module &#39;&quot;+o+&quot;&#39;&quot;)}var f=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(f.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},f,f.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require==&quot;function&quot;&amp;&amp;require;for(var o=0;o&lt;r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})({1:[function(require,module,exports){
    var unique = require(&#39;uniq&#39;);
    
    var data = [1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6];
    
    this.LogData =function(){
    console.log(unique(data));
    };
    
    },{&quot;uniq&quot;:2}],2:[function(require,module,exports){
    &quot;use strict&quot;
    
    function unique_pred(list, compare) {
      var ptr = 1
        , len = list.length
        , a=list[0], b=list[0]
      for(var i=1; i&lt;len; ++i) {
        b = a
        a = list[i]
        if(compare(a, b)) {
          if(i === ptr) {
            ptr++
            continue
          }
          list[ptr++] = a
        }
      }
      list.length = ptr
      return list
    }
    
    function unique_eq(list) {
      var ptr = 1
        , len = list.length
        , a=list[0], b = list[0]
      for(var i=1; i&lt;len; ++i, b=a) {
        b = a
        a = list[i]
        if(a !== b) {
          if(i === ptr) {
            ptr++
            continue
          }
          list[ptr++] = a
        }
      }
      list.length = ptr
      return list
    }
    
    function unique(list, compare, sorted) {
      if(list.length === 0) {
        return []
      }
      if(compare) {
        if(!sorted) {
          list.sort(compare)
        }
        return unique_pred(list, compare)
      }
      if(!sorted) {
        list.sort()
      }
      return unique_eq(list)
    }
    
    module.exports = unique
    },{}]},{},[1])

**After including bundle.js file into my index.htm page, how do I call logData function ??**


  [1]: http://browserify.org/



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	simplesthing	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Npm	sagunms	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Npm	Joniras	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Npm	oabarca	View Answer on Stackoverflow

what does npm -D flag mean?

Npm Problem Overview

Npm Solutions

Solution 1 - Npm

Solution 2 - Npm

Solution 3 - Npm

random.seed(): What does it do?

PostgreSQL return result set as JSON array?

Attributions