What are the allowed characters in a subdomain?
SubdomainSpecial CharactersSubdomain Problem Overview
What characters are you allowed to use in a subdomain?
Example: for someSub.example.com
the someSub
portion.
I know you can use letters, numbers, and hyphens, but what about other characters? Can _
(underscore) be used?
Subdomain Solutions
Solution 1 - Subdomain
Letters (except stressed à), Numbers 0-9 and Hyphen.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_name excerpt: Valid characters that can be used in a domain name are:
a-z
0-9
- but not as a starting or ending character
. as a separator for the textual portions of a domain name
From https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc1035
> Various objects and parameters in the DNS have size limits. They are > listed below. Some could be easily changed, others are more > fundamental.
labels 63 octets or less
names 255 octets or less
TTL positive values of a signed 32 bit number.
UDP messages 512 octets or less
Solution 2 - Subdomain
According to this page, some top level domains now allow localized characters (not just a-z).
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| Top Level Domain | Allowed Characters |
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| .no | áàäčçđéèêŋńñóòôöšŧüžæøå |
| .se | àáäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôöøùúüýþćčđěłńŋřśšţŧźžǎǐǒǔǥǧǩǯəʒ, plus Hebrew
| .dk | äåæéöøü
| .is | áéýúíóþæöð
| .it | àâäèéêëìîïòôöùûüæœçÿ
| .fr | àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïñòóôõöùúûüýÿœ
| .nu | àáâäåāæçèéêëēìíîïīðñŋòóôõöøōùúûüūýþÿ
| .be | àáâãäåæçèéêëìíîïðñòóôõöøùúûüýþÿœ
| .de | àáâãäåāăąæçćĉċčďđèéêëēĕėęěŋðĝğġģĥħìíîïĩīĭįıĵķĸĺļľł
| | ñńņňòóôõöøōŏőœŕŗřśŝşšţťŧþùúûüũūŭůűųŵýÿŷźżž
| .as | Same as .de
| .com | Same as .de, plus Greek, Cyrillic, Chinese, Korean, etc.
| .net | Same as .de, plus Greek, Cyrillic, Chinese, Korean, etc.
| .org | áäåāąæćčéēėęģíīįķļłñńņðóöøōőŗśšúüūűųýźżžþ plus Cyrillic and Korean
| .info | áäåāąæćčéēėęģíīįķļłńņðóöøōőŗśšúüūűųýźżžþ plus Korean
| .biz | àáäåæéêíðñòóôöøúüýþ
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So, looks like we need to go back to the drawing board on that regex.
Solution 3 - Subdomain
Technically William is right, and only letters, numbers and hyphen (-) are allowed in subdomains.
However: in practice, you will see that underscore (_) will also work in all major browsers, but this is not guaranteed. Some providers and other services may not allow you to set it in DNS.
If you set a wildcard in DNS it will resolve, then then it is up to the actual application to take it or ignore it.
Solution 4 - Subdomain
Ironically, the other answers to this questions are correct answers to the question "what are the legal characters for a hostname or primary domain", while the answers to the question "can (hostname) subdomains have an underscore" are correct answers to this question.