What are JavaScript's builtin strings?

this question is difficult to summarize in a question title

UPDATE I created a JSFiddle that builds an obfuscated string out of your input based on the letters extracted from this question: You can access it here, or would a gist be easier?

I recently came across a fun bit of obfuscated JavaScript in this profile that looks like this:

javascript:[[]+1/!1][1^1][1>>1]+({}+[])[1<<1^11>>1]+([]+!!-
[])[1<<1]+[/~/+{}][+!1][-~1<<1]+([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1
+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1]+([,][
~1]+[])[1-~1]+[[]+{}][!1.1%1][11111.1%11.1*111e11|!1]+(/1/+
1/[1<1][1%1])[1^11]+[[],[]+{}][1][+1]+(/<</[1]+[])[1/1.1&1]

Sorry to ruin the surprise but when this is evaluated it returns this:

"I love you" in Chrome
"I lone you" In Firefox
"I lo[e you" in IE10

The way this works when broken out, is to generate a series of messages and to pull letters out of them like so (using the "I" as an example):

[]+1/!1
returns
"Infinity"
then
[[]+1/!1]
creates this array:
["Infinity"]
then
[[]+1/!1][1^1]
Takes the first (1^1 == 0) element of that array
"Infinity"
finally
[[]+1/!1][1^1][1>>1]
Takes the first (1>>1 == 0) char of that string
"I"

Other strings that are generated include:

({}+[])       -> "[object Object]" (where the space comes from)
([]+!!-[])    -> "false" (used for it's "l")
[/~/+{}][+!1] -> "/~/[object Object]" (this is used for an "o")
(/<</[1]+[])  -> "undefined"

I was interested in finding a replacement for the "n" and "[" and came up with this:

String.fromCharCode(('1'.charCodeAt(0)<<1)+(10<<1))

Which I feel in in the spirit of using 1's and 0's, but violates one of the more elegant aspects of the original code which is the appearance of having nothing to do with strings at all. Does anyone else have an idea of how to generate a "v" that is in keeping with the original obfuscated code?

Here is some extra information that was found after many talented JavaScript programers took a deeper look at this

Firefox returns "I lone you" Because of this line:

([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1]+

[1^11<<1] trims a specific character from this:

([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])

Which evaluates to this:

"function test() {
    [native code]
}"

Which looks like we might have our "V"!!!

Chrome returns "I love you", because the same code returns this:

"function test() { [native code] }"

---

Before the question is closed for questionable connection with "a real programming issue", I thought I'd add a summarized solution that builds on @Supr's, @Cory's and @alpha123's, behold:

alert([[]+1/!1][1^1][1>>1]+({}+[])[1<<1^11>>1]+(
[]+!!-[])[1<<1]+[/~/+{}][+!1][-~1<<1]+[([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(
!!1+[])[1^1]])[1+(1^(11+1+1)<<1)],([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1],([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^(11+1+1)<<1]][((([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1<<1<<1<<1)+1<<1]==({}+[])[1^1])*1)+((([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1^11<<1)-1]==({}+[])[1^1])<<1)]+([,][~1]+[]
)[1-~1]+[[]+{}][!1.1%1][11111.1%11.1*111e11|!1]+
(/1/+1/[1<1][1%1])[1^11]+[[],[]+{}][1][+1]+(/<</
[1]+[])[1/1.1&1])

Given the complexity of the code and the message it produces it's almost like the JavaScript engine is telling how special you make it feel :)

First of all, I would like to thank Jason and all the contributors for playing with that funny snippet. I have written that piece of code just for fun in order to send it to my wife on February 14 :) Having only Chrome installed on the laptop I had no options to check how it works in Firefox and IE. Moreover, I haven't really expected that toString() representation of build-in methods might look differently in other browsers.

Now, moving to the real problem, let's precisely have a look at the code. Yes, "v" was the real "problem" here. I found no other ways of getting this letter except parsing [native code] string, which can be taken from any built-in method. Since I limited myself with having no strings and no numbers except 1 used, I needed to exploit some method that has only available characters in its name.

Available characters can be obtained from existing keywords and string representations, i.e. from the start we had NaN, null, undefined, Infinity, true, false, and "[object Object]". Some of them can be easily converted to strings, e.g. 1/!1+[] gives "Infinity".

I have analyzed different build-in methods for arrays [], objects {}, regular expressions /(?:)/, numbers 1.1, strings "1", and discovered one beautiful method of RegExp object called test(). Its name can be assembled from all available characters, e.g. "t" and "e" from true, and "s" from false. I have created a string "test" and addressed this method using square brackets notation for regex literal /-/, correctly identified in this line:

/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]]

As was already discussed, this piece of code is evaluated in Chrome as:

function test() { [native code] }

in Firefox as:

function test() {
    [native code]
}

and in IE as:

 function test() {     [native code] }  

^{(in the latter pay special attention to the space before function keyword)}

So, as you clearly see, my code was getting the 24th character from the presented string, which in Chrome was "v" (as was planned), but unfortunately in Firefox and IE -- "n" and "[" respectively.

In order to make the same output in all the browsers, I have used different approach than illustrated in the other answers. Now the modified version looks like that:

javascript:[[]+1/!1][1^1][1>>1]+({}+[])[1<<1^11>>1]+([]+!!-
[])[1<<1]+[/~/+{}][+!1][-~1<<1]+/\[[^1]+\]/[([]+![])[1<<1<<
1]+(/|/[(1+{})[1+11>>>1]+[[]+{}][+!1][1]+([]+1/[])[1<<1>>1]
+([1<1]+[])[1+11>>>1+1]+[[!!1]+1][+[]][1-1]+([]+!!/!/)[1|1]
+(/1/[1]+[])[!1%1]+(-{}+{})[-1+1e1-1]+(1+[!!1])[1]+([]+1+{}
)[1<<1]+[!!/!!/+[]][+[]][1&1]]+/=/)[1e1+(1<<1|1)+(([]+/-/[(
!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1
]])[1^1]==+!1)]+(!![]+{})[1|1<<1]+[1+{}+1][!1+!1][(11>>1)+1
]](([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+
(!!1+[])[1^1]]))[1&.1][11>>>1]+([,][~1]+[])[1-~1]+[[]+{}][!
1.1%1][11111.1%11.1*111e11|!1]+(/1/+1/[1<1][1%1])[1^11]+[[]
,[]+{}][1<<1>>>1][1||1]+(/[<+>]/[1&1|1]+[1.1])[1/11.1&1.11]

However, in order to intrigue the readers I won't provide a solution for that. I honestly believe that you will easily understand how it works... and some can even surprise their beloved in cross-browser way ;)

P.S. Yet Another Obfuscator

Inspired by Jason's idea to create a universal obfuscating tool, I have written one more. You can find it at JSBin: http://jsbin.com/amecoq/2. It can obfuscate any text that contains numbers [0-9], small latin letters [a-z], and spaces. The string length is limited mostly with your RAM (at least the body of my answer was successfully obfuscated). The output is supported by Chrome, Firefox, and IE.

^{Hint: the tool uses different obfuscation approach than was presented above.}

Why isn't the native code bit from the question being used? This one gives a 'v' in both Chrome and Firefox:

([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1]>([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^(11+1+1)<<1]?([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1]:([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^(11+1+1)<<1]

---

Edit to support IE and do it without the ternary operator: This one works in Chrome, IE, and FF. Builds an array and uses == to determine browser.

[([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1+(1^(11+1+1)<<1)],([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1],([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^(11+1+1)<<1]][((([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1<<1<<1<<1)+1<<1]==({}+[])[1^1])*1)+((([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1^11<<1)-1]==({}+[])[1^1])<<1)]

Readable:

[
    //ie
    ([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1+(1^(11+1+1)<<1)],
    //ch
    ([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1],
    //ff
    ([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^(11+1+1)<<1]
]
[
    //ch?
    ((([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1<<1<<1<<1)+1<<1]==({}+[])[1^1])*1)+
    //ff?
    ((([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1^11<<1)-1]==({}+[])[1^1])<<1)
]

This is about as close as I could get, unfortunately it violates the convention of the original obfuscation by making a call to unescape():

unescape((/%/+[])[1]+(/1/[1]+[])[1%1]+(+!1)+(+!1)+(1e1+(11*(1-~1)<<1)))

Teardown:

(/%/+[])[1]          => "%"
(/1/[1]+[])[1%1]     => "u"
(+!1)                => "0"
(+!1)                => "0"
(1e1+(11*(1-~1)<<1)) => "76"
===========================
unescape("%u0076")   => "v"

Other ideas:

1. Somehow get to unescape("\x76")
2. Somehow convert 118 without calling String.fromCharCode()
3. Get the text from an exception with the word "Invalid" in it

Updates:

I started playing code golf and have been making it shorter, replacing parts with more 1s, etc.

Here's the part that generates the n/v:

([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[1^11<<1]

In Firefox, ([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]]) evaluates to

"function test() {
    [native code]
}"

while in Chrome it is

"function test() { [native code] }"

1^11<<1 equals 23. So due to Firefox's extra whitespace, this isn't quite enough to get to the 'v', and is instead 'n'.

And this is why you shouldn't rely on Function#toString behavior. ;)

EDIT: Finally I found a reasonably obfuscated cross-browser version:

[[]+1/!1][1^1][1>>1]+({}+[])[1<<1^11>>1]+([]+!!-[])[1<<1]+[/~/+{}][+!1][-~1<<1]+([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1^11<<1)+(parseInt("010")<10?(1+1+1+1):0)]+([,][~1]+[])[1-~1]+[[]+{}][!1.1%1][11111.1%11.1*111e11|!1]+(/1/+1/[1<1][1%1])[1^11]+[[],[]+{}][1][+1]+(/<</[1]+[])[1/1.1&1]

This replaces the n/v section with:

([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]])[(1^11<<1)+(parseInt("010")<10?(1+1+1+1):0)]

which exploits differences in parseInt (apparently Firefox parses numbers starting with 0 as octal, while Chrome doesn't) to add 4 in Firefox's case, thus getting 'v' from 'native' in both cases (I can't find another 'v' :P).
The parseInt looks a little out of place, but that's the best I can do for now.

For the general use-case, if character casing isn't a big concern, I might be inclined to cheat a little.

Create function "c" which turns a number 0 .. 25 into a character.

c=function(v){for(var i in window){for(var ci in i){if(parseInt(i[ci],(10+11+11)+(1<<1)+(1<<1))==(v+10)){return i[ci]}}}};

For performance reasons, pre-cache the letters, if you want.

l=[];for(var i=0; i<(11+11)+(1<<1)+(1<<1);i++){l[i]=c(i);}

In the Chrome console, the resulting array looks like this:

> l;
["a", "b", "c", "d", "e", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "K", "l", "m", "n", "o", "p", "q", "r", "S", "t", "u", "v", "w", "x", "y", "Z"]

So ... your v might be l[10+10+1].

Alternatively, a general solution like this:

p=(function(){10%11}+[])[1+11+(1<<1)]; // "%"
u=(function(){club=1}+[])[1+11+(1<<1)]; // "u"
vc=p+u+(0+[])+(0+[])+((111>>1)+11+10+[]); // "%u0076"
unescape(vc);

Or, for this specific problem, maybe just:

(function(){v=1}+[])[10+(1<<1)]; // "v"

This gives a v in Chrome:

Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object)[17][3];

And this does it in Firefox:

Object.getOwnPropertyNames(Object)[9][3]

They both pull it out of Object.prototype.preventExtensions(), so you could probably find a cross-browser way to reference that method. (It's the only 17-character name in Object.Prototype for starters.)

Feel free to build a more-obfuscated version of this and take all the credit for yourself, I'm out of time ;)

In chrome, the expression ([]+/-/[(!!1+[])[1>>1]+(!!1+[])[1<<1^1]+(!1+[])[1|1<<1]+(!!1+[])[1^1]]) evaluates to "function test() { [native code] }", the [1^11<<1] evaluates to 23 (bitwise operators cause the variable to be truncated to 32 bits)