Python uses an algorithm called [Timsort][1]:

&gt; Timsort is a hybrid sorting algorithm, derived from merge sort and
&gt; insertion sort, designed to perform well on many kinds of real-world
&gt; data. It was invented by Tim Peters in 2002 for use in the Python
&gt; programming language. The algorithm finds subsets of the data that are
&gt; already ordered, and uses the subsets to sort the data more
&gt; efficiently. This is done by merging an identified subset, called a
&gt; run, with existing runs until certain criteria are fulfilled. Timsort
&gt; has been Python&#39;s standard sorting algorithm since version 2.3. It is
&gt; now also used to sort arrays in Java SE 7, and on the Android
&gt; platform.


  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort

The sort algorithm is called Timsort.  See [timsort][1]


  [1]: http://wiki.python.org/moin/HowTo/Sorting

Since 2.3 Python has used timsort.

More info: http://bugs.python.org/file4451/timsort.txt

Say your `.ssh` directory contains 30 keys (15 private and 15 public).

Where in Git can one check which one is used to connect to a given remote repository?


Git and SSH, which key is used?

Using **adb shell** we can clear application data.

    adb shell pm clear com.android.browser

But when executing that command from the application 

    String deleteCmd = &quot;pm clear com.android.browser&quot;;		
	        Runtime runtime = Runtime.getRuntime();
	        try {
	            runtime.exec(deleteCmd);
	        } catch (IOException e) {
	        	e.printStackTrace();	        	
	        }

**Issue:**

It doesn&#39;t clear the user data nor give any exception though I have given the following permission. 

    &lt;uses-permission android:name=&quot;android.permission.CLEAR_APP_USER_DATA&quot;/&gt;

**Question:**

How to clear another app application data using **adb shell**?


Clear android application user data

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [About python&amp;#39;s built in sort() method](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517347/about-pythons-built-in-sort-method)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

Name says it all.

I&#39;m trying to explain to someone why they should use Python&#39;s builtin sorted() function instead of rolling their own, and I realized I have no idea what algorithm it uses.

If it matters, we&#39;re talking python 2.7

What algorithm does python&#39;s sorted() use?

> Possible Duplicate: 
> <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1517347/about-pythons-built-in-sort-method" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">About python's built in sort() method</a>

Name says it all.
I'm trying to explain to someone why they should use Python's builtin sorted() function instead of rolling their own, and I realized I have no idea what algorithm it uses.
If it matters, we're talking python 2.7

Is there a way to write an aggregation function as is used in `DataFrame.agg` method, that would have access to more than one column of the data that is being aggregated? Typical use cases would be weighted average, weighted standard deviation funcs.

I would like to be able to write something like

    def wAvg(c, w):
        return ((c * w).sum() / w.sum())

    df = DataFrame(....) # df has columns c and w, i want weighted average
                         # of c using w as weight.
    df.aggregate ({&quot;c&quot;: wAvg}) # and somehow tell it to use w column as weights ...


Pandas DataFrame aggregate function using multiple columns

I am new to Python and want to use its `plot` functionality to create graphs. I am using ubuntu 12.04. I followed the Python installation steps from http://eli.thegreenplace.net/2011/10/10/installing-python-2-7-on-ubuntu/ but when I do 

    from pylab import *

I am getting this error

    &gt;&gt;&gt; from pylab import *
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 1, in &lt;module&gt;
    ImportError: No module named pylab

My Python version is `python 2.7`. Can anybody tell me what I am missing here?


python error: no module named pylab

I have a simple problem, but I cannot find a good solution to it.

I want to take a NumPy 2D array which represents a grayscale image, and convert it to an RGB PIL image while applying some of the matplotlib colormaps.

I can get a reasonable PNG output by using the `pyplot.figure.figimage` command:

    dpi = 100.0
    w, h = myarray.shape[1]/dpi, myarray.shape[0]/dpi
    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(w,h), dpi=dpi)
    fig.figimage(sub, cmap=cm.gist_earth)
    plt.savefig(&#39;out.png&#39;)

Although I could adapt this to get what I want (probably using StringIO do get the PIL image), I wonder if there is not a simpler way to do that, since it seems to be a very natural problem of image visualization. Let&#39;s say, something like this:

    colored_PIL_image = magic_function(array, cmap)


How to convert a NumPy array to PIL image applying matplotlib colormap

I have a Python codebase, built for Python 3, which uses Python 3 style open() with encoding parameter:

https://github.com/miohtama/vvv/blob/master/vvv/textlineplugin.py#L47


        with open(fname, &quot;rt&quot;, encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;) as f:

      
Now I&#39;d like to backport this code to Python 2.x, so that I would have a codebase which works with Python 2 and Python 3.

What&#39;s the recommended strategy to work around `open()` differences and lack of encoding parameter?

Could I have a Python 3 `open()` style file handler which streams bytestrings, so it would act like Python 2 `open()`?

Backporting Python 3 open(encoding=&quot;utf-8&quot;) to Python 2

I am trying to learn how an application works. And for this I am inserting debug commands as the first line of each function&#39;s body with the goal of logging the function&#39;s name as well as the line number (within the code) where I send a message to the log output. Finally, since this application comprises of many files, I want to create a single log file so that I can better understand the control flow of the application.

Here is what I know:

1. for getting function name, I can use `function_name.__name__` but I don&#39;t want to use the function_name (so that I could rapidly copy and paste a generic `Log.info(&quot;Message&quot;)` in the body of all functions). I know this could be done in C using `__func__` macro but I am not sure about python.

2. for getting the filename and line number, I have seen that (and I believe that) my application is using Python `locals()` function but in a syntax that I am not completely aware of e.g.: `options = &quot;LOG.debug(&#39;%(flag)s : %(flag_get)s&#39; % locals())` and I tried it using like `LOG.info(&quot;My message %s&quot; % locals())` which produces something like `{&#39;self&#39;: &lt;__main__.Class_name object at 0x22f8cd0&gt;}`. Any input on this please?

3. I know how to use logging and add handler to it to log to a file but I am not sure if a single file can be used to record all log messages in correct order of function calls in the project.

I would greatly appreciate any help.

Thanks!




Python Logging (function name, file name, line number) using a single file

I have an array of arrays:

    Array ( 
        [0] =&gt; Array (
            [id] = 7867867,
            [title] = &#39;Some Title&#39;),
        [1] =&gt; Array (
            [id] = 3452342,
            [title] = &#39;Some Title&#39;),
        [2] =&gt; Array (
            [id] = 1231233,
            [title] = &#39;Some Title&#39;),
        [3] =&gt; Array (
            [id] = 5867867,
            [title] = &#39;Some Title&#39;)
    )

The need to go in a specific order:

 1. 3452342
 2. 5867867
 3. 7867867
 4. 1231233

How would I go about doing that? I have sorted arrays before, and read plenty of other posts about it, but they are always comparison based (i.e. valueA &lt; valueB).

Help is appreciated.


Sorting a php array of arrays by custom order

I have a list of passengers(object) where it has a differents properties..

    passenger.name
    passenger.age
    passenger.surname

And I want to sort this list by age criterion, how can i do this?

I know in a list of integer/string List.Sort() works, but if is an object list, i dont know if its possible to sort by the value of a object property!
    

Thanks.



Sort a List of Object in VB.NET

Mysql: Select rows from a table that are not in another

I was refactoring some old code of mine and came across of this:

    alist.sort(cmp_items)
    
    def cmp_items(a, b):
        if a.foo &gt; b.foo:
            return 1
        elif a.foo == b.foo:
            return 0
        else:
            return -1

The code works (and I wrote it some 3 years ago!) but I cannot find this thing documented anywhere in the Python docs and everybody uses `sorted()` to implement custom sorting. Can someone explain why this works?

Custom Python list sorting

So I have a random javascript array of names...

[@larry,@nicholas,@notch] etc.

They all start with the @ symbol. I&#39;d like to sort them by the Levenshtein Distance so that the the ones at the top of the list are closest to the search term. At the moment, I have some javascript that uses jQuery&#39;s `.grep()` on it using javascript `.match()` method around the entered search term on key press:

(code edited since first publish)

    limitArr = $.grep(imTheCallback, function(n){
    	return n.match(searchy.toLowerCase())
    });
    modArr = limitArr.sort(levenshtein(searchy.toLowerCase(), 50))
    if (modArr[0].substr(0, 1) == &#39;@&#39;) {
    	if (atRes.childred(&#39;div&#39;).length &lt; 6) {
    		modArr.forEach(function(i){
    			atRes.append(&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;oneResult&quot;&gt;&#39; + i + &#39;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;);
    		});
    	}
    } else if (modArr[0].substr(0, 1) == &#39;#&#39;) {
    	if (tagRes.children(&#39;div&#39;).length &lt; 6) {
    		modArr.forEach(function(i){
    			tagRes.append(&#39;&lt;div class=&quot;oneResult&quot;&gt;&#39; + i + &#39;&lt;/div&gt;&#39;);
    		});
    	}
    }
    
    $(&#39;.oneResult:first-child&#39;).addClass(&#39;active&#39;);
    
    $(&#39;.oneResult&#39;).click(function(){
    	window.location.href = &#39;http://hashtag.ly/&#39; + $(this).html();
    });

It also has some if statements detecting if the array contains hashtags (#) or mentions (@). Ignore that. The `imTheCallback` is the array of names, either hashtags or mentions, then `modArr` is the array sorted. Then the `.atResults` and `.tagResults` elements are the elements that it appends each time in the array to, this forms a list of names based on the entered search terms.

I **also** have the Levenshtein Distance algorithm:

    var levenshtein = function(min, split) {
        // Levenshtein Algorithm Revisited - WebReflection
        try {
            split = !(&quot;0&quot;)[0]
        } catch(i) {
            split = true
        };

        return function(a, b) {
            if (a == b)
                return 0;
            if (!a.length || !b.length)
                return b.length || a.length;
            if (split) {
                a = a.split(&quot;&quot;);
                b = b.split(&quot;&quot;)
            };
            var len1 = a.length + 1,
                len2 = b.length + 1,
                I = 0,
                i = 0,
                d = [[0]],
                c, j, J;
            while (++i &lt; len2)
                d[0][i] = i;
            i = 0;
            while (++i &lt; len1) {
                J = j = 0;
                c = a[I];
                d[i] = [i];
                while(++j &lt; len2) {
                    d[i][j] = min(d[I][j] + 1, d[i][J] + 1, d[I][J] + (c != b[J]));
                    ++J;
                };
                ++I;
            };
            return d[len1 - 1][len2 - 1];
        }
    }(Math.min, false);

How can I work with algorithm (or a similar one) into my current code to sort it without bad performance?

UPDATE:

So I&#39;m now using James Westgate&#39;s Lev Dist function. Works WAYYYY fast. So performance is solved, the issue now is using it with source...

    modArr = limitArr.sort(function(a, b){
        levDist(a, searchy)
        levDist(b, searchy)
    });

My problem now is general understanding on using the `.sort()` method. Help is appreciated, thanks.

Thanks!

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Hartley Brody	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	bgporter	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Pierce	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	David Haynes	View Answer on Stackoverflow

What algorithm does python's sorted() use?

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Clear android application user data

Git and SSH, which key is used?

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