Use `ASSERT` when the condition **must** hold - if it doesn&#39;t the test stops right there. Use this when the remainder of the test doesn&#39;t have semantic meaning without this condition holding.

Use `EXPECT` when the condition _should_ hold, but in cases where it doesn&#39;t we can still get value out of continuing the test. (The test will still ultimately fail at the end, though.)

The rule of thumb is: use `EXPECT` by default, unless you *require* something to hold for the remainder of the tests, in which case you should use `ASSERT` for that particular condition.

---

This is echoed within the [primer][1]:

&gt; Usually `EXPECT_*` are preferred, as they allow more than one failures to be reported in a test. However, you should use `ASSERT_*` if it doesn&#39;t make sense to continue when the assertion in question fails. 


  [1]: https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/primer.md

Use `EXPECT_` when you

 - want to report more than one failure in your test

Use `ASSERT_` when

 - it doesn&#39;t make sense to continue when the assertion fails

Since `ASSERT_` aborts your function immediately if it fails, possible cleanup code is skipped.
Prefer `EXPECT_` as your default.

In addition to previous answers...

`ASSERT_` does not terminate execution of the test case. It returns from whatever function is was used in. Besides failing the test case, it evaluates to `return;`, and this means that it cannot be used in a function returning something other than `void`. Unless you&#39;re fine with the compiler warning, that is.

`EXPECT_` fails the test case but does not `return;`, so it can be used inside functions of any return type.

I have an application on appspot that works fine through regular browser, however when used through Android WebView, it cannot set and read cookies. I am not trying to get cookies &quot;outside&quot; this web application BTW, once the URL is visited by WebView, all processing, ids, etc. can stay there, all I need is session management inside that application. First screen also loads fine, so I know WebView + server interactivity is not broken. 

I looked at WebSettings class, there was no call like setEnableCookies. 

I load url like this:

    public class MyActivity extends Activity {
      @Override
      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);       
        WebView webview = new WebView(this);
        setContentView(webview);      
        webview.loadUrl([MY URL]);
      }
      .. 
    }

Any ideas? 

WebView and Cookies on Android

In the following assembly code that I dumped out using `objdump`:

    lea    0x0(%esi,%eiz,1),%esi

What is register `%eiz`? What does the preceding code mean?


What is register %eiz?

While ASSERT_* macros cause termination of test case, EXPECT_* macros continue its evaluation.
I would like to know which is the criteria to decide whether to use one or the other.

Using ASSERT and EXPECT in GoogleTest

<p>While ASSERT_* macros cause termination of test case, EXPECT_* macros continue its evaluation.
I would like to know which is the criteria to decide whether to use one or the other.</p>


I’m looking for a good arbitrary precision math library in C or C++. Could you please give me some advices or suggestions?

The primary requirements:

1. It **must** handle arbitrarily big integers—my primary interest is on integers. In case that you don’t know what the word arbitrarily big means, imagine something like 100000! (the factorial of 100000).

2. The precision **must not need** to be specified during library initialization or object creation. The precision should **only** be constrained by the available resources of the system.

3. It **should** utilize the full power of the platform, and should handle “small” numbers natively. That means on a 64-bit platform, calculating (2^33&#160;+ 2^32) should use the available 64-bit CPU instructions. The library **should not** calculate this in the same way as it does with (2^66&#160;+ 2^65) on the same platform.

4. It **must** efficiently handle addition&#160;(`+`), subtraction&#160;(`-`), multiplication&#160;(`*`), integer division&#160;(`/`), remainder&#160;(`%`), power&#160;(`**`), increment&#160;(`++`), decrement&#160;(`--`), GCD, factorial, and other common integer arithmetic calculations. The ability to handle functions like square root and logarithm that do not produce integer results is a plus. The ability to handle [symbolic computations](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_computation) is even better.

Here are what I found so far:

1. **Java**&#39;s **[BigInteger](http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/math/BigInteger.html)** and **[BigDecimal](http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/math/BigDecimal.html)** class: I have been using these so far. I have read the source code, but I don’t understand the math underneath. It may be based on theories and algorithms that I have never learnt.

2. The built-in integer type or in core libraries of **[bc](http://www.gnu.org/software/bc/manual/html_mono/bc.html)**, **[Python](http://docs.python.org/release/3.1.2/reference/lexical_analysis.html#integer-literals)**, **Ruby**, **Haskell**, **Lisp**, **Erlang**, **OCaml**, **PHP**, some other languages: I have used some of these, but I have no idea which library they are using, or which kind of implementation they are using.

What I have already known:

1. Using `char` for decimal digits and `char*` for decimal strings, and do calculations on the digits using a `for`-loop.

2. Using `int` (or `long int`, or `long long`) as a basic “unit” and an array of that type as an arbitrary long integer, and do calculations on the elements using a `for`-loop.

3. Using an integer type to store a decimal digit (or a few digits) as **[BCD (Binary-coded decimal)](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-coded_decimal)**.

4. **[Booth’s multiplication algorithm](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booth%27s_multiplication_algorithm)**.

What I don’t know:

1. Printing the binary array mentioned above in decimal without using naive methods. An example of a naive method: (1)&#160;add the bits from the lowest to the highest: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, … (2)&#160;use a `char*`-string mentioned above to store the intermediate decimal results).

What I appreciate:

1. Good comparisons on **[GMP](http://gmplib.org/)**, **[MPFR](http://www.mpfr.org/)**, **[decNumber](http://speleotrove.com/decimal/decnumber.html)** (or other libraries that are good in your opinion).

2. Good suggestions on books and articles that I should read. For example, an illustration with figures on how a **non-naive** binary-to-decimal conversion algorithm works would be good. The article “**[Binary to Decimal Conversion in Limited Precision](http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~jones/bcd/decimal.html)**” by Douglas&#160;W. Jones is an example of a good article.

3. Any help in general.

Please **do not** answer this question if you think that using `double` (or `long double`, or `long long double`) can solve this problem easily. If you do think so, you don’t understand the issue in question.

What are the best (portable) cross-platform arbitrary-precision math libraries?

I am programming a GUI with Qt library. In my GUI I have a huge std::map&lt;int, MyType&gt;.

&quot;MyType&quot; is a class that has different kinds of fields.

I want to serialize the std::map. How can I do that? Does Qt provides us with neccesary features?


Serialization with Qt

I can&#39;t understand the usage of `glOrtho`. Can someone explain what it is used for?

Is it used to set the range of x y and z coordinates limit?

    glOrtho(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);

It means that the x, y and z range is from -1 to 1?


How to use glOrtho() in OpenGL?

    string s = &quot;おはよう&quot;;
    wstring ws = FUNCTION(s, ws);

How would i assign the contents of s to ws?

Searched google and used some techniques but they can&#39;t assign the exact content. The content is distorted.

C++ Convert string (or char*) to wstring (or wchar_t*)

The usual pattern for a singleton class is something like

    static Foo &amp;getInst()
    {
      static Foo *inst = NULL;
      if(inst == NULL)
        inst = new Foo(...);
      return *inst;    
    }
However, it&#39;s my understanding that this solution is not thread-safe, since 1) Foo&#39;s constructor might be called more than once (which may or may not matter) and 2) inst may not be fully constructed before it is returned to a different thread.

One solution is to wrap a mutex around the whole method, but then I&#39;m paying for synchronization overhead long after I actually need it. An alternative is something like

    static Foo &amp;getInst()
    {
      static Foo *inst = NULL;
      if(inst == NULL)
      {
        pthread_mutex_lock(&amp;mutex);
        if(inst == NULL)
          inst = new Foo(...);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(&amp;mutex);
      }
      return *inst;    
    }
Is this the right way to do it, or are there any pitfalls I should be aware of? For instance, are there any static initialization order problems that might occur, i.e. is inst always guaranteed to be NULL the first time getInst is called?

efficient thread-safe singleton in C++

Our toolkit has over 15000 [JUnit][1] tests, and many tests are known to fail if some other test fails. For example, if the method X.foo() uses functionality from Y.bar() and YTest.testBar() fails, then XTest.testFoo() will fail too. Obviously, XTest.testFoo() can also fail because of problems specific to X.foo().

While this is fine and I still want both tests run, it would be nice if one could annotate a test dependency with XTest.testFoo() pointing to YTest.testBar(). This way, one could immediately see what functionality used by X.foo() is also failing, and what not.

Is there such annotation available in JUnit or elsewhere? Something like:

    public XTest {

      @Test
      @DependsOn(method=org.example.tests.YTest#testBar)
      public void testFoo() {
         // Assert.something();
      }
    
    }


  [1]: http://www.junit.org/

How can I specify JUnit test dependencies?

Can somebody suggest an easy way to get a reference to a file as a String/InputStream/File/etc type object in a junit test class?  Obviously I could paste the file (xml in this case) in as a giant String or read it in as a file but is there a shortcut specific to Junit like this?

    public class MyTestClass{
    
    @Resource(path=&quot;something.xml&quot;)
    File myTestFile;
    
    @Test
    public void toSomeTest(){
    ...
    }
    
    }

Easy way to get a test file into JUnit

I&#39;ve inherited a load of Junit test, but these tests (apart from most not working) are a mixture of actual unit test and integration tests (requiring external systems, db etc).

So I&#39;m trying to think of a way to actually separate them out, so that I can run the unit test nice and quickly and the integration tests after that. 

The options are..

1. Split them into separate directories.

2. Move to Junit4 (from v3) and annotate the classes to separate them.

3. Use a file naming convention to tell what a class is , i.e. AdapterATest and 
AdapterAIntergrationTest.

3 has the issue that Eclipse has the option to &quot;Run all tests in the selected project/package or folder&quot;. So it would make it very hard to just run the integration tests.

2: runs the risk that developers might start writing integration tests in unit test classes and it just gets messy.

1: Seems like the neatest solution, but my gut says there must be a better solution out there.

So that is my question, how do you lot break apart integration tests and proper unit tests?



 


Junit: splitting integration test and Unit tests

I have created users for my unit tests in two ways: 

1) Create a fixture for &quot;auth.user&quot; that looks roughly like this: 

        { 
            &quot;pk&quot;: 1, 
            &quot;model&quot;: &quot;auth.user&quot;, 
            &quot;fields&quot;: { 
                &quot;username&quot;: &quot;homer&quot;, 
                &quot;is_active&quot;: 1, 
                &quot;password&quot;: 
    &quot;sha1$72cd3$4935449e2cd7efb8b3723fb9958fe3bb100a30f2&quot;, 
                ... 
            } 
        }

 
I&#39;ve left out the seemingly unimportant parts. 

2) Use &#39;create_user&#39; in the setUp function (although I&#39;d rather keep 
everything in my fixtures class): 

    def setUp(self): 
           User.objects.create_user(&#39;homer&#39;, &#39;ho...@simpson.net&#39;, &#39;simpson&#39;) 

Note that the password is simpson in both cases. 

I&#39;ve verified that this info is correctly being loaded into the test database time and time again. I can grab the User object using User.objects.get. I can verify the password is correct using &#39;check_password.&#39; The user is active. 

Yet, invariably, self.client.login(username=&#39;homer&#39;, password=&#39;simpson&#39;) FAILS. I&#39;m baffled as to why. I think I&#39;ve read every single Internet discussion pertaining to this. Can anybody help? 

The login code in my unit test looks like this: 
                
        login = self.client.login(username=&#39;homer&#39;, password=&#39;simpson&#39;) 
        self.assertTrue(login) 

Thanks.

Django&#39;s self.client.login(...) does not work in unit tests

What is Mocking?   &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160;    &#160; .

What is Mocking?

Is it possible to capture the stdout and stderr when using the [googletest][1] framework?

For example, I would like to call a function that writes errors to the console (stderr).
Now, when calling the function in the tests, I want to assert that no output appears there.

Or, maybe I want to test the error behaviour and want to assert that a certain string gets printed when I (deliberately) produce an error.


  [1]: http://code.google.com/p/googletest/

How to capture stdout/stderr with googletest?

So I&#39;ve come to like and enjoy using Google Test for a C++ project I&#39;m involved in.  I&#39;m just bringing up a new project that will be straight C (a library) and so far can&#39;t see any reason why not to continuing using Google Test, even though its a C++ framework.  Having a C++ compiler available will not be an issue.

Are there are specific reasons why I shouldn&#39;t use Google Test for testing straight C code?

Thanks.

Is Google Test OK for testing C code?

Using Google Test 1.6 (Windows 7, Visual Studio C++).  How can I turn off a given test? (aka how can I prevent a test from running).  Is there anything I can do besides commenting out the whole test?

GoogleTest: How to skip a test?

In the process of setting our C++ unit testing framework for the next years we shortlisted **GoogleTest** and **CppUnit**. I have some experience with both and my heavy preference is GoogleTest. Anyways to convince my boss I need some **facts** so I did some reading on the Internet, including the manuals, wiki pages and some of the sources. I came up with a list of GoogleTest advantages and a single CppUnit advantage(graphic test runners). Here they are ordered by **perceived** usefulness: 
 
 - INSTANTIATE_TEST_CASE_P to instantiate a test case with any set of parameters you want, including Cartesian products 
 - FRIEND_TEST for testing private class members(for all the legacy code) 
 - turning asserts into breakpoints 
 - non-fatal asserts 
 - &quot;out of the box&quot; googlemock integration 
 - automatic tests detection, no need to enumerate them
 - tests can be disabled and enabled 
 - tests to run can be selected using name patterns 
 - value/type-parameterized tests 
 - user-defined predicate asserts 
 - death tests 
 - much richer set of asserts 
 - type asserts  
 - asserting on subroutines 
 - additional debug info can be added to asserts using &lt;&lt;  
 - RecordProperty emits last value of property to the XML output 
 - SCOPED_TRACE helps understand the context of an assertion failure coming from inside a sub-routine or loop. 
 - xUnit XML output, can be shown by Jenkins right away without a XSLT transformation in between 
 - supports custom types printers
 - time consumed by test indication(I suspect this is also possible with CppUnit but I haven figured it out yet)   
 - test event listener API (user-defined plug-ins) 
 - test shuffling 
 - no exceptions and RTTI 
 
Am I correct in assuming that all of the above are not supported by CppUnit? Is there an useful GoogleTest feature **not available** in CppUnit I am missing?  
 
And last but not least: Are there any nice CppUnit features that GoogleTest **lacks**?   
 
 
Thanks!

GoogleTest vs CppUnit: The facts

I&#39;m using the [googletest C++ testing framework](https://code.google.com/p/googletest/). Normally the textual output of running a test looks like this:

&lt;pre&gt;
[ RUN      ] MyTest.Fuzz
[       OK ] MyTest.Fuzz (1867 ms)
&lt;/pre&gt;

I would like to output some additional data in the same format, for example:

&lt;pre&gt;
[ RUN      ] MyTest.Fuzz
[          ] random seed = 1319760587
[       OK ] MyTest.Fuzz (1867 ms)
&lt;/pre&gt;

I have found [Logging Additional Information](https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/advanced.md#logging-additional-information) in the googletest documentation but that only seems to send structured data to the XML output, not the standard console output.

Is there a googletest function I can call inside my unit test that outputs text in this format? Manually sending data to `cout` works, but it doesn&#39;t include the usual coloured output so I have to explicitly indent the output by printing 13 spaces or whatever.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	martjno	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - C++	GManNickG	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - C++	nabulke	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - C++	Martin G	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Using ASSERT and EXPECT in GoogleTest

C++ Problem Overview

C++ Solutions

Solution 1 - C++

Solution 2 - C++

Solution 3 - C++

What is register %eiz?

WebView and Cookies on Android

Attributions