Truncate a string to first n characters of a string and add three dots if any characters are removed
PhpStringEllipsisTruncationPhp Problem Overview
How can I get the first n characters of a string in PHP? What's the fastest way to trim a string to a specific number of characters, and append '...' if needed?
Php Solutions
Solution 1 - Php
//The simple version for 10 Characters from the beginning of the string
$string = substr($string,0,10).'...';
Update:
Based on suggestion for checking length (and also ensuring similar lengths on trimmed and untrimmed strings):
$string = (strlen($string) > 13) ? substr($string,0,10).'...' : $string;
So you will get a string of max 13 characters; either 13 (or less) normal characters or 10 characters followed by '...'
Update 2:
Or as function:
function truncate($string, $length, $dots = "...") {
return (strlen($string) > $length) ? substr($string, 0, $length - strlen($dots)) . $dots : $string;
}
Update 3:
It's been a while since I wrote this answer and I don't actually use this code any more. I prefer this function which prevents breaking the string in the middle of a word using the wordwrap function:
function truncate($string,$length=100,$append="…") {
$string = trim($string);
if(strlen($string) > $length) {
$string = wordwrap($string, $length);
$string = explode("\n", $string, 2);
$string = $string[0] . $append;
}
return $string;
}
Solution 2 - Php
This functionality has been built into PHP since version 4.0.6. See the docs.
echo mb_strimwidth('Hello World', 0, 10, '...');
// outputs Hello W...
Note that the trimmarker (the ellipsis above) are included in the truncated length.
Solution 3 - Php
The Multibyte extension can come in handy if you need control over the string charset.
$charset = 'UTF-8';
$length = 10;
$string = 'Hai to yoo! I like yoo soo!';
if(mb_strlen($string, $charset) > $length) {
$string = mb_substr($string, 0, $length - 3, $charset) . '...';
}
Solution 4 - Php
sometimes, you need to limit the string to the last complete word ie: you don't want the last word to be broken instead you stop with the second last word.
eg: we need to limit "This is my String" to 6 chars but instead of 'This i..." we want it to be 'This..." ie we will skip that broken letters in the last word.
phew, am bad at explaining, here is the code.
class Fun {
public function limit_text($text, $len) {
if (strlen($text) < $len) {
return $text;
}
$text_words = explode(' ', $text);
$out = null;
foreach ($text_words as $word) {
if ((strlen($word) > $len) && $out == null) {
return substr($word, 0, $len) . "...";
}
if ((strlen($out) + strlen($word)) > $len) {
return $out . "...";
}
$out.=" " . $word;
}
return $out;
}
}
Solution 5 - Php
If you want to cut being careful to don't split words you can do the following
function ellipse($str,$n_chars,$crop_str=' [...]')
{
$buff=strip_tags($str);
if(strlen($buff) > $n_chars)
{
$cut_index=strpos($buff,' ',$n_chars);
$buff=substr($buff,0,($cut_index===false? $n_chars: $cut_index+1)).$crop_str;
}
return $buff;
}
if $str is shorter than $n_chars returns it untouched.
If $str is equal to $n_chars returns it as is as well.
if $str is longer than $n_chars then it looks for the next space to cut or (if no more spaces till the end) $str gets cut rudely instead at $n_chars.
NOTE: be aware that this method will remove all tags in case of HTML.
Solution 6 - Php
The codeigniter framework contains a helper for this, called the "text helper". Here's some documentation from codeigniter's user guide that applies: http://codeigniter.com/user_guide/helpers/text_helper.html (just read the word_limiter and character_limiter sections). Here's two functions from it relevant to your question:
if ( ! function_exists('word_limiter'))
{
function word_limiter($str, $limit = 100, $end_char = '…')
{
if (trim($str) == '')
{
return $str;
}
preg_match('/^\s*+(?:\S++\s*+){1,'.(int) $limit.'}/', $str, $matches);
if (strlen($str) == strlen($matches[0]))
{
$end_char = '';
}
return rtrim($matches[0]).$end_char;
}
}
And
if ( ! function_exists('character_limiter'))
{
function character_limiter($str, $n = 500, $end_char = '…')
{
if (strlen($str) < $n)
{
return $str;
}
$str = preg_replace("/\s+/", ' ', str_replace(array("\r\n", "\r", "\n"), ' ', $str));
if (strlen($str) <= $n)
{
return $str;
}
$out = "";
foreach (explode(' ', trim($str)) as $val)
{
$out .= $val.' ';
if (strlen($out) >= $n)
{
$out = trim($out);
return (strlen($out) == strlen($str)) ? $out : $out.$end_char;
}
}
}
}
Solution 7 - Php
if(strlen($text) > 10)
$text = substr($text,0,10) . "...";
Solution 8 - Php
Solution 9 - Php
It's best to abstract you're code like so (notice the limit is optional and defaults to 10):
print limit($string);
function limit($var, $limit=10)
{
if ( strlen($var) > $limit )
{
return substr($string, 0, $limit) . '...';
}
else
{
return $var;
}
}
Solution 10 - Php
The function I used:
function cutAfter($string, $len = 30, $append = '...') {
return (strlen($string) > $len) ?
substr($string, 0, $len - strlen($append)) . $append :
$string;
}
See it in action.
Solution 11 - Php
I developed a function for this use
function str_short($string,$limit)
{
$len=strlen($string);
if($len>$limit)
{
$to_sub=$len-$limit;
$crop_temp=substr($string,0,-$to_sub);
return $crop_len=$crop_temp."...";
}
else
{
return $string;
}
}
you just call the function with string and limite
eg:str_short("hahahahahah",5);
it will cut of your string and add "..." at the end
:)
Solution 12 - Php
This is what i do
function cutat($num, $tt){
if (mb_strlen($tt)>$num){
$tt=mb_substr($tt,0,$num-2).'...';
}
return $tt;
}
where $num stands for number of chars, and $tt the string for manipulation.
Solution 13 - Php
To create within a function (for repeat usage) and dynamical limited length, use:
function string_length_cutoff($string, $limit, $subtext = '...')
{
return (strlen($string) > $limit) ? substr($string, 0, ($limit-strlen(subtext))).$subtext : $string;
}
// example usage:
echo string_length_cutoff('Michelle Lee Hammontree-Garcia', 26);
// or (for custom substitution text
echo string_length_cutoff('Michelle Lee Hammontree-Garcia', 26, '..');
Solution 14 - Php
I'm not sure if this is the fastest solution, but it looks like it is the shortest one:
$result = current(explode("\n", wordwrap($str, $width, "...\n")));
P.S. See some examples here https://stackoverflow.com/a/17852480/131337
Solution 15 - Php
This function do the job without breaking words in the middle
function str_trim($str,$char_no){
if(strlen($str)<=$char_no)
return $str;
else{
$all_words=explode(" ",$str);
$out_str='';
foreach ($all_words as $word) {
$temp_str=($out_str=='')?$word:$out_str.' '.$word;
if(strlen($temp_str)>$char_no-3)//-3 for 3 dots
return $out_str."...";
$out_str=$temp_str;
}
}
}
Solution 16 - Php
substr() would be best, you'll also want to check the length of the string first
$str = 'someLongString';
$max = 7;
if(strlen($str) > $max) {
$str = substr($str, 0, $max) . '...';
}
wordwrap won't trim the string down, just split it up...
Solution 17 - Php
$width = 10;
$a = preg_replace ("~^(.{{$width}})(.+)~", '\\1…', $a);
or with wordwrap
$a = preg_replace ("~^(.{1,${width}}\b)(.+)~", '\\1…', $a);
Solution 18 - Php
this solution will not cut words, it will add three dots after the first space. I edited @Raccoon29 solution and I replaced all functions with mb_ functions so that this will work for all languages such as arabic
function cut_string($str, $n_chars, $crop_str = '...') {
$buff = strip_tags($str);
if (mb_strlen($buff) > $n_chars) {
$cut_index = mb_strpos($buff, ' ', $n_chars);
$buff = mb_substr($buff, 0, ($cut_index === false ? $n_chars : $cut_index + 1), "UTF-8") . $crop_str;
}
return $buff;
}
Solution 19 - Php
$yourString = "bla blaaa bla blllla bla bla";
$out = "";
if(strlen($yourString) > 22) {
while(strlen($yourString) > 22) {
$pos = strrpos($yourString, " ");
if($pos !== false && $pos <= 22) {
$out = substr($yourString,0,$pos);
break;
} else {
$yourString = substr($yourString,0,$pos);
continue;
}
}
} else {
$out = $yourString;
}
echo "Output String: ".$out;
Solution 20 - Php
If there is no hard requirement on the length of the truncated string, one can use this to truncate and prevent cutting the last word as well:
$text = "Knowledge is a natural right of every human being of which no one
has the right to deprive him or her under any pretext, except in a case where a
person does something which deprives him or her of that right. It is mere
stupidity to leave its benefits to certain individuals and teams who monopolize
these while the masses provide the facilities and pay the expenses for the
establishment of public sports.";
// we don't want new lines in our preview
$text_only_spaces = preg_replace('/\s+/', ' ', $text);
// truncates the text
$text_truncated = mb_substr($text_only_spaces, 0, mb_strpos($text_only_spaces, " ", 50));
// prevents last word truncation
$preview = trim(mb_substr($text_truncated, 0, mb_strrpos($text_truncated, " ")));
In this case, $preview will be "Knowledge is a natural right of every human being".
Live code example: http://sandbox.onlinephpfunctions.com/code/25484a8b687d1f5ad93f62082b6379662a6b4713