Throwing exception from CompletableFuture

I have the following code:

// How to throw the ServerException?
public void myFunc() throws ServerException{
    // Some code
    CompletableFuture<A> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
        try {
            return someObj.someFunc();
        } catch(ServerException ex) {
            // throw ex; gives an error here.
        }
    }));
    // Some code
}

someFunc() throws a ServerException. I don't want to handle this here but throw the exception from someFunc() to caller of myFunc().

Your code suggests that you are using the result of the asynchronous operation later in the same method, so you’ll have to deal with CompletionException anyway, so one way to deal with it, is

public void myFunc() throws ServerException {
    // Some code
    CompletableFuture<A> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
        try { return someObj.someFunc(); }
        catch(ServerException ex) { throw new CompletionException(ex); }
    });
    // Some code running in parallel to someFunc()

    A resultOfA;
    try {
        resultOfA = a.join();
    }
    catch(CompletionException ex) {
        try {
            throw ex.getCause();
        }
        catch(Error|RuntimeException|ServerException possible) {
            throw possible;
        }
        catch(Throwable impossible) {
            throw new AssertionError(impossible);
        }
    }
    // some code using resultOfA
}

All exceptions thrown inside the asynchronous processing of the Supplier will get wrapped into a CompletionException when calling join, except the ServerException we have already wrapped in a CompletionException.

When we re-throw the cause of the CompletionException, we may face unchecked exceptions, i.e. subclasses of Error or RuntimeException, or our custom checked exception ServerException. The code above handles all of them with a multi-catch which will re-throw them. Since the declared return type of getCause() is Throwable, the compiler requires us to handle that type despite we already handled all possible types. The straight-forward solution is to throw this actually impossible throwable wrapped in an AssertionError.

Alternatively, we could use an alternative result future for our custom exception:

public void myFunc() throws ServerException {
    // Some code
    CompletableFuture<ServerException> exception = new CompletableFuture<>();
    CompletableFuture<A> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
        try { return someObj.someFunc(); }
        catch(ServerException ex) {
            exception.complete(ex);
            throw new CompletionException(ex);
        }
    });
    // Some code running in parallel to someFunc()

    A resultOfA;
    try {
        resultOfA = a.join();
    }
    catch(CompletionException ex) {
        if(exception.isDone()) throw exception.join();
        throw ex;
    }

    // some code using resultOfA
}

This solution will re-throw all “unexpected” throwables in their wrapped form, but only throw the custom ServerException in its original form passed via the exception future. Note that we have to ensure that a has been completed (like calling join() first), before we query the exception future, to avoid race conditions.

For those looking for other ways on exception handling with completableFuture

Below are several ways for example handling Parsing Error to Integer:

1. Using handle method - which enables you to provide a default value on exception

CompletableFuture correctHandler = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "A")
            .thenApply(Integer::parseInt)
            .handle((result, ex) -> {
                if (null != ex) {
                    ex.printStackTrace();
                    return 0;
                } else {
                    System.out.println("HANDLING " + result);
                    return result;
                }
            })
            .thenAcceptAsync(s -> {
                System.out.println("CORRECT: " + s);
            });

2. Using exceptionally Method - similar to handle but less verbose

CompletableFuture parser = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "1")
                .thenApply(Integer::parseInt)
                .exceptionally(t -> {
                    t.printStackTrace();
                    return 0;
                }).thenAcceptAsync(s -> System.out.println("CORRECT value: " + s));

3. Using whenComplete Method - using this will stop the method on its tracks and not execute the next thenAcceptAsync

CompletableFuture correctHandler2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> "A")
                .thenApply(Integer::parseInt)
                .whenComplete((result, ex) -> {
                    if (null != ex) {
                        ex.printStackTrace();
                    }
                })
                .thenAcceptAsync(s -> {
                    System.out.println("When Complete: " + s);
                });

4. Propagating the exception via completeExceptionally

public static CompletableFuture<Integer> converter(String convertMe) {
        CompletableFuture<Integer> future = new CompletableFuture<>();
        try {
            future.complete(Integer.parseInt(convertMe));
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            future.completeExceptionally(ex);
        }
        return future;
    }

Even if other's answer is very nice. but I give you another way to throw a checked exception in CompletableFuture.

IF you don't want to invoke a CompletableFuture in another thread, you can use an anonymous class to handle it like this:

CompletableFuture<A> a = new CompletableFuture<A>() {{
    try {
        complete(someObj.someFunc());
    } catch (ServerException ex) {
        completeExceptionally(ex);
    }
}};

IF you want to invoke a CompletableFuture in another thread, you also can use an anonymous class to handle it, but run method by runAsync:

CompletableFuture<A> a = new CompletableFuture<A>() {{
    CompletableFuture.runAsync(() -> {
        try {
            complete(someObj.someFunc());
        } catch (ServerException ex) {
            completeExceptionally(ex);
        }
    });
}};

I think that you should wrap that into a RuntimeException and throw that:

 throw new RuntimeException(ex);

Or many be a small utility would help:

static class Wrapper extends RuntimeException {

    private Wrapper(Throwable throwable) {
        super(throwable);
    }

    public static Wrapper wrap(Throwable throwable) {
        return new Wrapper(throwable);
    }

    public Throwable unwrap() {
        return getCause();
    }
}


 public static void go() {
    CompletableFuture<String> a = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
        try {
            throw new Exception("Just because");
        } catch (Exception ex) {
            throw Wrapper.wrap(ex);
        }
    });

    a.join();
}

And then you could unwrap that..

 try {
        go();
 } catch (Wrapper w) {
        throw w.unwrap();
 }