The calling thread must be STA, because many UI components require this
WpfXamlMultithreadingFacebookWpf Problem Overview
I am using http://www.codeproject.com/KB/IP/Facebook_API.aspx
I am trying to call the XAML which is created using WPF. But it gives me an error:
> The calling thread must be STA, because many UI components require this.
I don't know what to do. I am trying to do this:
FacebookApplication.FacebookFriendsList ffl = new FacebookFriendsList();
But it is giving me that error.
I added a background worker:
static BackgroundWorker bw = new BackgroundWorker();
static void Main(string[] args)
{
bw.DoWork += bw_DoWork;
bw.RunWorkerAsync("Message to worker");
Console.ReadLine();
}
static void bw_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
// This is called on the worker thread
FacebookApplication.FacebookFriendsList ffl = new FacebookFriendsList();
Console.WriteLine(e.Argument); // Writes "Message to worker"
// Perform time-consuming task...
}
Wpf Solutions
Solution 1 - Wpf
Try to invoke your code from the dispatcher:
Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke((Action)delegate{
// your code
});
Solution 2 - Wpf
If you make the call from the main thread, you must add the STAThread attribute to the Main method, as stated in the previous answer.
If you use a separate thread, it needs to be in a STA (single-threaded apartment), which is not the case for background worker threads. You have to create the thread yourself, like this:
Thread t = new Thread(ThreadProc);
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
with ThreadProc being a delegate of type ThreadStart.
Solution 3 - Wpf
You can also try this
// create a thread
Thread newWindowThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(() =>
{
// create and show the window
FaxImageLoad obj = new FaxImageLoad(destination);
obj.Show();
// start the Dispatcher processing
System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run();
}));
// set the apartment state
newWindowThread.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
// make the thread a background thread
newWindowThread.IsBackground = true;
// start the thread
newWindowThread.Start();
Solution 4 - Wpf
I suspect that you are getting a callback to a UI component from a background thread. I recommend that you make that call using a BackgroundWorker as this is UI thread aware.
For the BackgroundWorker, the main program should be marked as [STAThread].
Solution 5 - Wpf
Just mark your program Main method with the [STAThread]
attribute and the error goes away! it's magic :)
Example:
class Program {
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args) {
// My code here
}
}
Solution 6 - Wpf
For me, this error occurred because of a null parameter being passed. Checking the variable values fixed my issue without having to change the code. I used BackgroundWorker.
Solution 7 - Wpf
If the Application.Current is null for example by unit test, you can try this:
System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.CurrentDispatcher.Invoke( YOUR action )
Solution 8 - Wpf
In my case, I wanted to launch a WPF window from a console app. Simply setting the Main method with [STAThread]
didn't work.
A combination of Timores' and Mohammad's answer worked for me:
private static void StaThreadWrapper(Action action)
{
var t = new Thread(o =>
{
action();
System.Windows.Threading.Dispatcher.Run();
});
t.SetApartmentState(ApartmentState.STA);
t.Start();
}
Example usage:
StaThreadWrapper(() =>
{
var mainWindow = new MainWindow();
mainWindow.Show();
});
Solution 9 - Wpf
Another situation if you may meet, choosing which Window to new and show.
Don't make the choice in App.xaml.cs' App() or OnStartup(), instead, make the choice in Startup event.
// App.xaml.cs
private App()
{
Window window = CheckSession() ? new InstallWindow() : (Window)new LoginWindow();
window.Show(); // bad 1
}
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
Window window = CheckSession() ? new InstallWindow() : (Window)new LoginWindow();
window.Show(); // bad 2
base.OnStartup(e);
}
Below should be good
// App.xaml.cs
private App()
{
Startup += Application_Startup;
}
private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
{
Window window = CheckSession() ? new InstallWindow() : (Window)new LoginWindow();
window.Show(); // good
}
Also remember to remove the StartupUri from App.xaml
<!--App.xaml-->
<Application StartupUri="MainWindow">
<!--remove StartupUri-->
</Application>
OR add the event here is OK too.
<!--App.xaml-->
<Application Startup="Application_Startup">
</Application>
// App.xaml.cs
private App()
{
}
private void Application_Startup(object sender, StartupEventArgs e)
{
Window window = CheckSession() ? new InstallWindow() : (Window)new LoginWindow();
window.Show(); // good
}
Solution 10 - Wpf
If you call a new window UI statement in an existing thread, it throws an error. Instead of that create a new thread inside the main thread and write the window UI statement in the new child thread.