&lt;!-- language-all: lang-css --&gt;

Either use CSS3&#39;s `:not()`:

    a:not([href]) {
        /* Styles for anchors without href */
    }

Or specify a general style for all `a`, and one for `a[href]` to override it for those with the attribute.

    a {
        /* Styles for anchors with and without href */
    }

    a[href] {
        /* Styles for anchors with href, will override the above */
    }

For the **best** browser support (includes ancient but not quite forgotten browsers), use the [`:link` and `:visited` pseudo-classes](http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#the-link-pseudo-classes-link-and-visited) instead of the attribute selector (combining both will match the same as `a[href]`):

    a {} /* All anchors */
    a:link, a:visited {} /* Override */

Also see [this answer](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/10587245/is-there-a-reason-to-use-a-instead-of-alink-or-avisited-in-my-stylesheet/10589840#10589840) for an in-depth explanation of `a[href]` versus `a:link, a:visited`.

I tried to implement a protocol that can run TLS over TLS using `twisted.protocols.tls`, an interface to OpenSSL using a memory BIO.

I implemented this as a protocol wrapper that mostly looks like a regular TCP transport, but which has `startTLS` and `stopTLS` methods for adding and removing a layer of TLS respectively.  This works fine for the first layer of TLS.  It also works fine if I run it over a &quot;native&quot; Twisted TLS transport.  However, if I try to add a second TLS layer using the `startTLS` method provided by this wrapper, there&#39;s immediately a handshake error and the connection ends up in some unknown unusable state.

The wrapper and the two helpers that let it work looks like this:

    from twisted.python.components import proxyForInterface
    from twisted.internet.error import ConnectionDone
    from twisted.internet.interfaces import ITCPTransport, IProtocol
    from twisted.protocols.tls import TLSMemoryBIOFactory, TLSMemoryBIOProtocol
    from twisted.protocols.policies import ProtocolWrapper, WrappingFactory

    class TransportWithoutDisconnection(proxyForInterface(ITCPTransport)):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        A proxy for a normal transport that disables actually closing the connection.
        This is necessary so that when TLSMemoryBIOProtocol notices the SSL EOF it
        doesn&#39;t actually close the underlying connection.

        All methods except loseConnection are proxied directly to the real transport.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        def loseConnection(self):
            pass


    class ProtocolWithoutConnectionLost(proxyForInterface(IProtocol)):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        A proxy for a normal protocol which captures clean connection shutdown
        notification and sends it to the TLS stacking code instead of the protocol.
        When TLS is shutdown cleanly, this notification will arrive.  Instead of telling
        the protocol that the entire connection is gone, the notification is used to
        unstack the TLS code in OnionProtocol and hidden from the wrapped protocol.  Any
        other kind of connection shutdown (SSL handshake error, network hiccups, etc) are
        treated as real problems and propagated to the wrapped protocol.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        def connectionLost(self, reason):
            if reason.check(ConnectionDone):
                self.onion._stopped()
            else:
                super(ProtocolWithoutConnectionLost, self).connectionLost(reason)


    class OnionProtocol(ProtocolWrapper):
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        OnionProtocol is both a transport and a protocol.  As a protocol, it can run over
        any other ITransport.  As a transport, it implements stackable TLS.  That is,
        whatever application traffic is generated by the protocol running on top of
        OnionProtocol can be encapsulated in a TLS conversation.  Or, that TLS conversation
        can be encapsulated in another TLS conversation.  Or **that** TLS conversation can
        be encapsulated in yet *another* TLS conversation.

        Each layer of TLS can use different connection parameters, such as keys, ciphers,
        certificate requirements, etc.  At the remote end of this connection, each has to
        be decrypted separately, starting at the outermost and working in.  OnionProtocol
        can do this itself, of course, just as it can encrypt each layer starting with the
        innermost.
        &quot;&quot;&quot;
        def makeConnection(self, transport):
            self._tlsStack = []
            ProtocolWrapper.makeConnection(self, transport)


        def startTLS(self, contextFactory, client, bytes=None):
            &quot;&quot;&quot;
            Add a layer of TLS, with SSL parameters defined by the given contextFactory.

            If *client* is True, this side of the connection will be an SSL client.
            Otherwise it will be an SSL server.

            If extra bytes which may be (or almost certainly are) part of the SSL handshake
            were received by the protocol running on top of OnionProtocol, they must be
            passed here as the **bytes** parameter.
            &quot;&quot;&quot;
            # First, create a wrapper around the application-level protocol
            # (wrappedProtocol) which can catch connectionLost and tell this OnionProtocol 
            # about it.  This is necessary to pop from _tlsStack when the outermost TLS
            # layer stops.
            connLost = ProtocolWithoutConnectionLost(self.wrappedProtocol)
            connLost.onion = self
            # Construct a new TLS layer, delivering events and application data to the
            # wrapper just created.
            tlsProtocol = TLSMemoryBIOProtocol(None, connLost, False)
            tlsProtocol.factory = TLSMemoryBIOFactory(contextFactory, client, None)

            # Push the previous transport and protocol onto the stack so they can be
            # retrieved when this new TLS layer stops.
            self._tlsStack.append((self.transport, self.wrappedProtocol))

            # Create a transport for the new TLS layer to talk to.  This is a passthrough
            # to the OnionProtocol&#39;s current transport, except for capturing loseConnection
            # to avoid really closing the underlying connection.
            transport = TransportWithoutDisconnection(self.transport)

            # Make the new TLS layer the current protocol and transport.
            self.wrappedProtocol = self.transport = tlsProtocol

            # And connect the new TLS layer to the previous outermost transport.
            self.transport.makeConnection(transport)

            # If the application accidentally got some bytes from the TLS handshake, deliver
            # them to the new TLS layer.
            if bytes is not None:
                self.wrappedProtocol.dataReceived(bytes)


        def stopTLS(self):
            &quot;&quot;&quot;
            Remove a layer of TLS.
            &quot;&quot;&quot;
            # Just tell the current TLS layer to shut down.  When it has done so, we&#39;ll get
            # notification in *_stopped*.
            self.transport.loseConnection()


        def _stopped(self):
            # A TLS layer has completely shut down.  Throw it away and move back to the
            # TLS layer it was wrapping (or possibly back to the original non-TLS
            # transport).
            self.transport, self.wrappedProtocol = self._tlsStack.pop()


I have simple client and server programs for exercising this, available from launchpad (`bzr branch lp:~exarkun/+junk/onion`).  When I use it to call the `startTLS` method above twice, with no intervening call to `stopTLS`,  this OpenSSL error comes up:

    OpenSSL.SSL.Error: [(&#39;SSL routines&#39;, &#39;SSL23_GET_SERVER_HELLO&#39;, &#39;unknown protocol&#39;)]

Why do things go wrong?


Why is there a handshake failure when trying to run TLS over TLS with this code?

I need an XPath to fetch all ChildNodes ( including Text Element, Comment Element &amp; Child Elements ) without Parent Element. Any help

Sample Example:

    &lt;DOC&gt;
    &lt;PRESENTEDIN&gt;
        &lt;X&gt;
            First Text Node #1 
            &lt;y&gt; Y can Have Child Nodes # 
                &lt;child&gt; deep to it &lt;/child&gt; 
             &lt;/y&gt;
             Second Text Node #2 &lt;z/&gt; 
        &lt;/X&gt;
        &lt;EVTS&gt;
            &lt;evt/&gt;
            &lt;evt&gt;
                &lt;mtg_descr&gt; SAE 2006 World Congress &amp;amp; Exhibition &lt;/mtg_descr&gt;
                &lt;sess_descr&gt; Advanced Hybrid Vehicle Powertrains (Part 1 of 5) &lt;/sess_descr&gt;
                &lt;loc&gt; Detroit,MI,United States &lt;/loc&gt;
                &lt;sess_prod_grp_cd&gt; TSESS &lt;/sess_prod_grp_cd&gt;
                &lt;sess_evt_name&gt; P13 &lt;/sess_evt_name&gt;
                &lt;sess_gen_num&gt; 138352 &lt;/sess_gen_num&gt;
                &lt;mtg_start_dt&gt; 04/03/2006 &lt;/mtg_start_dt&gt;
                &lt;mtg_end_dt&gt; 04/06/2006 &lt;/mtg_end_dt&gt;
                &lt;desig&gt; CONGRESS-2006 &lt;/desig&gt;
            &lt;/evt&gt;
        &lt;/EVTS&gt;
        &lt;EVTTYPE&gt;PAPER&lt;/EVTTYPE&gt;
        &lt;SUPERTECH&gt;
            &lt;![CDATA[C8585]]&gt;
        &lt;/SUPERTECH&gt;
    &lt;/PRESENTEDIN&gt;
&lt;/DOC&gt;



XPATH TRIED

       1. $doc/PRESENTEDIN/X
       2. $doc/PRESENTEDIN/X/descendant::*
       2. $doc/PRESENTEDIN/X/self::*

EXPECTED OUTPUT
     

 
        First Text Node #1 
        &lt;y&gt; Y can Have Child Nodes # 
            &lt;child&gt; deep to it &lt;/child&gt; 
         &lt;/y&gt;
         Second Text Node #2 &lt;z/&gt; 


I DON&#39;T WANT

    &lt;X&gt;
      First Text Node #1 
            &lt;y&gt; Y can Have Child Nodes # 
                &lt;child&gt; deep to it &lt;/child&gt; 
             &lt;/y&gt;
             Second Text Node #2 &lt;z/&gt; 
    &lt;/X&gt;



XPath to get all child nodes (elements, comments, and text) without parent

Is it possible to match all links without `href` specified via CSS?

Example:

    &lt;a&gt;Invalid link&lt;/a&gt;

I know its possible to match all links with href but I&#39;m just looking for the opposite.

Styling &lt;a&gt; without href attribute

Is it possible to match all links without <code>href</code> specified via CSS?
Example:
<pre><code class="hljs language-bash">&#x3C;a>Invalid link&#x3C;/a>
</code></pre>
I know its possible to match all links with href but I'm just looking for the opposite.

I want to change default text on button that is &quot;`Choose File`&quot; when we use `input=&quot;file&quot;`.

![enter image description here][1]

How can I do this? Also as you can see in image button is on left side of text. How can I put it on right side of text?


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/rcdgH.png

Change default text in input type=&quot;file&quot;?

I&#39;m trying to put a YouTube video source into the HTML5 `&lt;video&gt;` tag, but it doesn&#39;t seem to work. After some Googling, I found out that HTML5 doesn&#39;t support YouTube video URLs as a source. 

Can you use HTML5 to embed YouTube videos? If not, is there any workaround?

Show Youtube video source into HTML5 video tag?

I&#39;m printing text to a canvas in a pretty straight forward way:

    var ctx = canvas.getContext(&#39;2d&#39;);
    ctx.font = &quot;10pt Courier&quot;;
    ctx.fillText(&quot;Hello World&quot;, 100, 100);

But how can I change the text to bold, italic or both? Any suggestions to fix that simple example?

How do I style HTML5 canvas text to be bold and/or italic?

I recently came across [Phonegap][1]. Have anyone of you tried it. Its an incredible tool which claims that developers can use HTML 5 based framework like Sencha touch and Jquery at the same time 
having access to native features on phone. Also the code is portable from Android to Iphone with some effort. Before I plunge into it I want to know what is forum&#39;s experience with Phonegap. What are the pain points and is it really scalable for enterprise level application development.


  [1]: http://www.phonegap.com/

Using Phonegap for Native Application development

Assuming my web application has full support of PUT and DELETE on the server side, should I make use of them? 

Basically my question is how many browsers support this:

    &lt;form method=&quot;PUT&quot;&gt;

or

    &lt;form method=&quot;DELETE&quot;&gt;

Is there any benefits to using these two HTTP Methods other than being REST-compliant? (assuming the replacement for these two methods is the commonly used POST)

Should PUT and DELETE be used in forms?

Can I assign the `opacity` property to the `background` property of a `div` only and not to the text on it?

I&#39;ve tried:

    background: #CCC;
    opacity: 0.6;

but this doesn&#39;t change the opacity.


CSS opacity only to background color, not the text on it?

Is there a way to position a background image a certain number of pixels from the right of its element?

For example, to position something a certain number of pixels (say, 10) from the *left*, this is how I&#39;d do it:

    #myElement {
        background-position: 10px 0;
    }

Offset a background image from the right using CSS

When I try to use `position: relative` / `position: absolute` on a `&lt;th&gt;` or `&lt;td&gt;` in Firefox it doesn&#39;t seem to work.

Does Firefox support position: relative on table elements?

I figured this would be simple, I need to align both of the inside divs (green and blue) to the bottom of their container (red). I&#39;m hoping to not use absolute positioning and i need it to be ie6,7,8 ff chrome safari etc compatible.

    &lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid red;&quot;&gt;
    	&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid green; width:20px; height:20px; float:left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    	&lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid blue; width:20px; height:30px; float:left;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    	&lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

i&#39;ve tried using `vertical-align` but can&#39;t find a simple solution.

thanks for the help, p.

EDIT here&#39;s my attempt at abs pos solution:

    &lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid red; position:relative;&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid green; width:20px; height:20px; float:left; position:absolute; bottom:0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;border:1px solid blue; width:20px; height:30px; float:left; position:absolute; bottom:0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
        &lt;div style=&quot;clear:both;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

align divs to the bottom of their container

I have a big `&lt;div&gt;` with three little `&lt;div&gt;`&#39;s inside of it, inline. They each have 33% width, but that causes some alignment problems because 3 * 33% != 100%. What is the best way to represent a perfect third in CSS like this? Maybe just 33.33%?

Best way to represent 1/3rd of 100% in CSS?

I have some HTML that would have elements with multiple classes, and I need to assign them within one rule, so that the same classes could be different within different containers. Say I have this in my CSS:

    .border-blue {
        border: 1px solid blue;
    }
    .background {
        background: url(bg.gif);
    }
Then I have this in my HTML:

    &lt;div class=&#39;border-blue background&#39;&gt;Lorum Crap No-one Cares About Ipsum&lt;/div&gt;

Can I target these within a single rule? Like this, for example, which I know doesn&#39;t work:

    .border-blue, .background {
        border: 1px solid blue;
        background: url(bg.gif);
    }

Target elements with multiple classes, within one rule

A tricky CSS selector question, don&#39;t know if it&#39;s even possible.  

Lets say this is the HTML layout:  

    &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  
    &lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  
    &lt;div style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;div style=&quot;display:none&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  

I want to select the last `div`, which is displayed (ie. not `display:none`) which would be the third `div` in the given example.
Mind you, the number of `div`s on the real page can differ (even the `display:none` ones).

A CSS selector to get last visible div

Is it possible to have pseudo-classes using inline styles?

---

Example:

    &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com&quot; style=&quot;hover:text-decoration:none;&quot;&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;

I know the above HTML won&#39;t work but is there something similar that will?

P.S. I know I should use an external style sheet, and I do. I was just curious if this could be done using inline styles.

CSS Pseudo-classes with inline styles

Is it possible to select elements in CSS by their HTML5 data attributes (for example, `data-role`)?

Select elements by attribute in CSS

I already know of :last-child. But is there a way to select the div:

    &lt;div id=&quot;container&quot;&gt;
     &lt;div&gt;a&lt;/div&gt;
     &lt;div&gt;b&lt;/div&gt;
     &lt;div&gt;SELECT THIS&lt;/div&gt; &lt;!-- THIS --&gt;
     &lt;div&gt;c&lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

NOTE: without jQuery, only with CSS



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	knoopx	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Html	BoltClock	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Styling <a> without href attribute

Html Problem Overview

Html Solutions

Solution 1 - Html

XPath to get all child nodes (elements, comments, and text) without parent

Why is there a handshake failure when trying to run TLS over TLS with this code?

Attributions