SQL server query to get the list of columns in a table along with Data types, NOT NULL, and PRIMARY KEY constraints
SqlSql ServerDatabaseSql Server-2005Custom Data-TypeSql Problem Overview
I need to write a query on SQL server to get the list of columns in a particular table, its associated data types (with length) and if they are not null. And I have managed to do this much.
But now i also need to get, in the same table, against a column - TRUE if that column is a primary key.
How do i do this?
My expected output is:
Column name | Data type | Length | isnull | Pk
Sql Solutions
Solution 1 - Sql
To avoid duplicate rows for some columns, use user_type_id instead of system_type_id.
SELECT
c.name 'Column Name',
t.Name 'Data type',
c.max_length 'Max Length',
c.precision ,
c.scale ,
c.is_nullable,
ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) 'Primary Key'
FROM
sys.columns c
INNER JOIN
sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
WHERE
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName')
Just replace YourTableName with your actual table name - works for SQL Server 2005 and up.
In case you are using schemas, replace YourTableName by YourSchemaName.YourTableName where YourSchemaName is the actual schema name and YourTableName is the actual table name.
Solution 2 - Sql
The stored procedure sp_columns returns detailed table information.
exec sp_columns MyTable
Solution 3 - Sql
You could use the query:
select COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
NUMERIC_PRECISION, DATETIME_PRECISION,
IS_NULLABLE
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
where TABLE_NAME='TableName'
to get all the metadata you require except for the Pk information.
Solution 4 - Sql
In SQL 2012 you can use:
EXEC sp_describe_first_result_set N'SELECT * FROM [TableName]'
This will give you the column names along with their properties.
Solution 5 - Sql
Try this:
select COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, IS_NULLABLE
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS IC
where TABLE_NAME = 'tablename' and COLUMN_NAME = 'columnname'
Solution 6 - Sql
To ensure you obtain the right length you would need to consider unicode types as a special case. See code below.
For further information see: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms176106.aspx
SELECT
c.name 'Column Name',
t.name,
t.name +
CASE WHEN t.name IN ('char', 'varchar','nchar','nvarchar') THEN '('+
CASE WHEN c.max_length=-1 THEN 'MAX'
ELSE CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),
CASE WHEN t.name IN ('nchar','nvarchar')
THEN c.max_length/2 ELSE c.max_length END )
END +')'
WHEN t.name IN ('decimal','numeric')
THEN '('+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),c.precision)+','
+ CONVERT(VARCHAR(4),c.Scale)+')'
ELSE '' END
as "DDL name",
c.max_length 'Max Length in Bytes',
c.precision ,
c.scale ,
c.is_nullable,
ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) 'Primary Key'
FROM
sys.columns c
INNER JOIN
sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
WHERE
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName')
Solution 7 - Sql
I am a little bit surprised nobody mentioned
sp_help 'mytable'
Solution 8 - Sql
Expanding on Alex's answer, you can do this to get the PK constraint
Select C.COLUMN_NAME, C.DATA_TYPE, C.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH, C.NUMERIC_PRECISION, C.IS_NULLABLE, TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS As C
Left Join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS As TC
On TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = C.TABLE_SCHEMA
And TC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
And TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
Where C.TABLE_NAME = 'Table'
I must have missed that you want a flag to determine if the given column was part of the PK instead of the name of the PK constraint. For that you would use:
Select C.COLUMN_NAME, C.DATA_TYPE, C.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH
, C.NUMERIC_PRECISION, C.NUMERIC_SCALE
, C.IS_NULLABLE
, Case When Z.CONSTRAINT_NAME Is Null Then 0 Else 1 End As IsPartOfPrimaryKey
From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS As C
Outer Apply (
Select CCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME
From INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS As TC
Join INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE As CCU
On CCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
Where TC.TABLE_SCHEMA = C.TABLE_SCHEMA
And TC.TABLE_NAME = C.TABLE_NAME
And TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
And CCU.COLUMN_NAME = C.COLUMN_NAME
) As Z
Where C.TABLE_NAME = 'Table'
Solution 9 - Sql
Throwing another answer into the ring, this will give you those columns and more:
SELECT col.TABLE_CATALOG AS [Database]
, col.TABLE_SCHEMA AS Owner
, col.TABLE_NAME AS TableName
, col.COLUMN_NAME AS ColumnName
, col.ORDINAL_POSITION AS OrdinalPosition
, col.COLUMN_DEFAULT AS DefaultSetting
, col.DATA_TYPE AS DataType
, col.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS MaxLength
, col.DATETIME_PRECISION AS DatePrecision
, CAST(CASE col.IS_NULLABLE
WHEN 'NO' THEN 0
ELSE 1
END AS bit)AS IsNullable
, COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('[' + col.TABLE_SCHEMA + '].[' + col.TABLE_NAME + ']'), col.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsIdentity')AS IsIdentity
, COLUMNPROPERTY(OBJECT_ID('[' + col.TABLE_SCHEMA + '].[' + col.TABLE_NAME + ']'), col.COLUMN_NAME, 'IsComputed')AS IsComputed
, CAST(ISNULL(pk.is_primary_key, 0)AS bit)AS IsPrimaryKey
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS col
LEFT JOIN(SELECT SCHEMA_NAME(o.schema_id)AS TABLE_SCHEMA
, o.name AS TABLE_NAME
, c.name AS COLUMN_NAME
, i.is_primary_key
FROM sys.indexes AS i JOIN sys.index_columns AS ic ON i.object_id = ic.object_id
AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
JOIN sys.objects AS o ON i.object_id = o.object_id
LEFT JOIN sys.columns AS c ON ic.object_id = c.object_id
AND c.column_id = ic.column_id
WHERE i.is_primary_key = 1)AS pk ON col.TABLE_NAME = pk.TABLE_NAME
AND col.TABLE_SCHEMA = pk.TABLE_SCHEMA
AND col.COLUMN_NAME = pk.COLUMN_NAME
WHERE col.TABLE_NAME = 'YourTableName'
AND col.TABLE_SCHEMA = 'dbo'
ORDER BY col.TABLE_NAME, col.ORDINAL_POSITION;
Solution 10 - Sql
SELECT COLUMN_NAME, IS_NULLABLE, DATA_TYPE, CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH FROM information_schema.columns WHERE table_name = '<name_of_table_or_view>'
Run SELECT * in the above statement to see what information_schema.columns returns.
This question has been previously answered - https://stackoverflow.com/a/11268456/6169225
Solution 11 - Sql
wite the table name in the query editor select the name and press Alt+F1 and it will bring all the information of the table.
Solution 12 - Sql
IF EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLES
WHERE TABLE_TYPE = 'BASE TABLE' AND TABLE_NAME = 'Table')
BEGIN
SELECT COLS.COLUMN_NAME, COLS.DATA_TYPE, COLS.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
(SELECT 'Yes' FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS TC JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE KCU
ON COLS.TABLE_NAME = TC.TABLE_NAME
AND TC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE = 'PRIMARY KEY'
AND KCU.TABLE_NAME = TC.TABLE_NAME
AND KCU.CONSTRAINT_NAME = TC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
AND KCU.COLUMN_NAME = COLS.COLUMN_NAME) AS KeyX
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS COLS WHERE TABLE_NAME = 'Table' ORDER BY KeyX DESC, COLUMN_NAME
END
Solution 13 - Sql
marc_s's answer is good but it has a flaw if the primary key column(s) appear in other indexes in that those columns will appear more than once. e.g.
Demo:
create table dbo.DummyTable
(
id int not null identity(0,1) primary key,
Msg varchar(80) null
);
create index NC_DummyTable_id ON DummyTable(id);
Here's my stored procedure to solve problem:
create or alter procedure dbo.GetTableColumns
(
@schemaname nvarchar(128),
@tablename nvarchar(128)
)
AS
BEGIN
SET NOCOUNT ON;
with ctePKCols as
(
select
i.object_id,
ic.column_id
from
sys.indexes i
join sys.index_columns ic ON i.object_id = ic.object_id AND i.index_id = ic.index_id
where
i.is_primary_key = 1
)
SELECT
c.name AS column_name,
t.name AS typename,
c.max_length AS MaxLength,
c.precision,
c.scale,
c.is_nullable,
is_primary_key = CASE WHEN ct.column_id IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
FROM
sys.columns c
JOIN sys.types t ON t.user_type_id = c.user_type_id
LEFT JOIN ctePKCols ct ON ct.column_id = c.column_id AND ct.object_id = c.object_id
WHERE
c.object_ID = OBJECT_ID(quotename(@schemaname) + '.' + quotename(@tablename))
END
GO
exec dbo.GetTableColumns 'dbo', 'DummyTable'
Solution 14 - Sql
Find combine result for Datatype and Length and is nullable in form of "NULL" and "Not null" Use below query.
SELECT c.name AS 'Column Name',
t.name + '(' + cast(c.max_length as varchar(50)) + ')' As 'DataType',
case
WHEN c.is_nullable = 0 then 'null' else 'not null'
END AS 'Constraint'
FROM sys.columns c
JOIN sys.types t
ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
WHERE c.object_id = Object_id('TableName')
you will find result as shown below.
Thank you.
Solution 15 - Sql
> Query : EXEC SP_DESCRIBE_FIRST_RESULT_SET N'SELECT ANNUAL_INCOME FROM > [DB_NAME].[DBO].[EMPLOYEE]'
NOTE: IN SOME IDE BEFORE SELECT N IS WORKING OR, IN SOME IDE WITHOUT N IS WORKING
Solution 16 - Sql
select
c.name as [column name],
t.name as [type name],
tbl.name as [table name]
from sys.columns c
inner join sys.types t
on c.system_type_id = t.system_type_id
inner join sys.tables tbl
on c.object_id = tbl.object_id
where
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName1')
and
t.name like '%YourSearchDataType%'
union
(select
c.name as [column name],
t.name as [type name],
tbl.name as [table name]
from sys.columns c
inner join sys.types t
on c.system_type_id = t.system_type_id
inner join sys.tables tbl
on c.object_id = tbl.object_id
where
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName2')
and
t.name like '%YourSearchDataType%')
union
(select
c.name as [column name],
t.name as [type name],
tbl.name as [table name]
from sys.columns c
inner join sys.types t
on c.system_type_id = t.system_type_id
inner join sys.tables tbl
on c.object_id = tbl.object_id
where
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName3')
and
t.name like '%YourSearchDataType%')
order by tbl.name
To search which column is in which table based on your search data type for three different table in one database. This query is expandable to 'n' tables.
Solution 17 - Sql
SELECT
T.NAME AS [TABLE NAME]
,C.NAME AS [COLUMN NAME]
,P.NAME AS [DATA TYPE]
,P.MAX_LENGTH AS [Max_SIZE]
,C.[max_length] AS [ActualSizeUsed]
,CAST(P.PRECISION AS VARCHAR) +'/'+ CAST(P.SCALE AS VARCHAR) AS [PRECISION/SCALE]
FROM SYS.OBJECTS AS T
JOIN SYS.COLUMNS AS C
ON T.OBJECT_ID = C.OBJECT_ID
JOIN SYS.TYPES AS P
ON C.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID = P.SYSTEM_TYPE_ID
AND C.[user_type_id] = P.[user_type_id]
WHERE T.TYPE_DESC='USER_TABLE'
AND T.name = 'InventoryStatus'
ORDER BY 2
Solution 18 - Sql
There is no primary key here, but this can help other users who would just like to have a table name with field name and basic field properties
USE [**YourDB**]
GO
SELECT tbl.name, fld.[Column Name],fld.[Constraint],fld.DataType
FROM sys.all_objects as tbl left join
(SELECT c.OBJECT_ID, c.name AS 'Column Name',
t.name + '(' + cast(c.max_length as varchar(50)) + ')' As 'DataType',
case
WHEN c.is_nullable = 0 then 'null' else 'not null'
END AS 'Constraint'
FROM sys.columns c
JOIN sys.types t
ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
) as fld on tbl.OBJECT_ID = fld.OBJECT_ID
WHERE ( tbl.[type]='U' and tbl.[is_ms_shipped] = 0)
ORDER BY tbl.[name],fld.[Column Name]
GO
Solution 19 - Sql
Throwing another way to tackle the problem in SQL server. My little script here should return the Column Name, Data Type, Is Nullable, Constraints, and Indexes Names. You can also include any additional columns such as precision, scale... (You will need to replace the DB name, Schema Name, and Table Name with yours) .The Columns are returned in the same order you would get from 'select * from table'
USE DBA -- Replace Database Name with yours
DECLARE @SCHEMA VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @SCHEMA_TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(MAX)
SET @SCHEMA = REPLACE(REPLACE('[SCHEMA NAME]', '[', ''), ']', '')--Replace Schema Name with yours
SET @TABLE_NAME = REPLACE(REPLACE('[TABLE NAME]', '[', ''), ']', '') --' Replace Table Name with yours
SET @SCHEMA_TABLE_NAME = @SCHEMA + '.' + @TABLE_NAME;
WITH SchemaColumns
AS (
SELECT C.COLUMN_NAME,
IS_NULLABLE,
DATA_TYPE,
CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
C.ORDINAL_POSITION
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS AS C
WHERE C.TABLE_SCHEMA = @SCHEMA
AND C.TABLE_NAME = @TABLE_NAME
),
SchemaConstraints
AS (
SELECT CN.COLUMN_NAME,
CC.CONSTRAINT_TYPE
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.TABLE_CONSTRAINTS AS CC
INNER JOIN INFORMATION_SCHEMA.CONSTRAINT_COLUMN_USAGE AS CN ON CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME = CC.CONSTRAINT_NAME
WHERE CC.TABLE_SCHEMA = @SCHEMA
AND CC.TABLE_NAME = @TABLE_NAME
),
SchemaIndex
AS (
SELECT I.name AS index_name,
COL_NAME(IC.object_id, IC.column_id) AS column_name,
IC.index_column_id,
IC.key_ordinal,
IC.is_included_column
FROM sys.indexes AS i
INNER JOIN sys.index_columns AS IC ON I.object_id = IC.object_id
AND I.index_id = IC.index_id
WHERE I.object_id = OBJECT_ID(@SCHEMA_TABLE_NAME)
)
SELECT ISNULL(SchemaColumns.COLUMN_NAME, '') "Column Name",
CASE
WHEN SchemaColumns.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH IS NULL
THEN UPPER(ISNULL(SchemaColumns.DATA_TYPE, ''))
ELSE CONCAT (
UPPER(ISNULL(SchemaColumns.DATA_TYPE, '')),
'(',
CAST(SchemaColumns.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH AS VARCHAR(50)),
')'
)
END "Data Type",
SchemaColumns.IS_NULLABLE "Is Nullable",
ISNULL(SchemaConstraints.CONSTRAINT_TYPE, '-') "Constraints",
ISNULL(STRING_AGG(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(max), SchemaIndex.INDEX_NAME), CHAR(13)), '-') "Indexes Names"
FROM SchemaColumns
LEFT JOIN SchemaConstraints ON SchemaConstraints.COLUMN_NAME = SchemaColumns.COLUMN_NAME
LEFT JOIN SchemaIndex ON SchemaColumns.COLUMN_NAME = SchemaIndex.COLUMN_NAME
GROUP BY SchemaColumns.COLUMN_NAME,
SchemaColumns.DATA_TYPE,
SchemaColumns.CHARACTER_MAXIMUM_LENGTH,
SchemaColumns.IS_NULLABLE,
SchemaConstraints.CONSTRAINT_TYPE,
SchemaColumns.ORDINAL_POSITION
ORDER BY SchemaColumns.ORDINAL_POSITION
Solution 20 - Sql
I just made marc_s "presentation ready":
SELECT
c.name 'Column Name',
t.name 'Data type',
IIF(t.name = 'nvarchar', c.max_length / 2, c.max_length) 'Max Length',
c.precision 'Precision',
c.scale 'Scale',
IIF(c.is_nullable = 0, 'No', 'Yes') 'Nullable',
IIF(ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) = 0, 'No', 'Yes') 'Primary Key'
FROM
sys.columns c
INNER JOIN
sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.indexes i ON ic.object_id = i.object_id AND ic.index_id = i.index_id
WHERE
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID('YourTableName')