Split string based on alternating character in R
RR Problem Overview
I'm trying to figure out an efficient way to go about splitting a string like
"111110000011110000111000"
into a vector
[1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
where "0" and "1" can be any alternating characters.
R Solutions
Solution 1 - R
Try
strsplit(str1, '(?<=1)(?=0)|(?<=0)(?=1)', perl=TRUE)[[1]]
#[1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
###Update
A modification of @rawr's solution with stri_extract_all_regex
library(stringi)
stri_extract_all_regex(str1, '(?:(\\w))\\1*')[[1]]
#[1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
stri_extract_all_regex(x1, '(?:(\\w))\\1*')[[1]]
#[1] "11111" "00000" "222" "000" "3333" "000" "1111" "0000" "111"
#[10] "000"
stri_extract_all_regex(x2, '(?:(\\w))\\1*')[[1]]
#[1] "aaaaa" "bb" "ccccccc" "bbb" "a" "d" "11111"
#[8] "00000" "222" "aaa" "bb" "cc" "d" "11"
#[15] "D" "aa" "BB"
###Benchmarks
library(stringi)
set.seed(24)
x3 <- stri_rand_strings(1, 1e4)
akrun <- function() stri_extract_all_regex(x3, '(?:(\\w))\\1*')[[1]]
#modified @thelatemail's function to make it bit more general
thelate <- function() regmatches(x3,gregexpr("(?:(\\w))\\1*", x3,
perl=TRUE))[[1]]
rawr <- function() strsplit(x3, '(?<=(\\w))(?!\\1)', perl=TRUE)[[1]]
ananda <- function() unlist(read.fwf(textConnection(x3),
rle(strsplit(x3, "")[[1]])$lengths,
colClasses = "character"))
Colonel <- function() with(rle(strsplit(x3,'')[[1]]),
mapply(function(u,v) paste0(rep(v,u), collapse=''), lengths, values))
Cryo <- function(){
res_vector=rep(NA_character_,nchar(x3))
res_vector[1]=substr(x3,1,1)
counter=1
old_tmp=''
for (i in 2:nchar(x3)) {
tmp=substr(x3,i,i)
if (tmp==old_tmp) {
res_vector[counter]=paste0(res_vector[counter],tmp)
} else {
res_vector[counter+1]=tmp
counter=counter+1
}
old_tmp=tmp
}
res_vector[!is.na(res_vector)]
}
richard <- function(){
cs <- cumsum(
rle(stri_split_boundaries(x3, type = "character")[[1L]])$lengths
)
stri_sub(x3, c(1, head(cs + 1, -1)), cs)
}
nicola<-function(x) {
indices<-c(0,which(diff(as.integer(charToRaw(x)))!=0),nchar(x))
substring(x,indices[-length(indices)]+1,indices[-1])
}
richard2 <- function() {
cs <- cumsum(rle(strsplit(x3, NULL)[[1L]])[[1L]])
stri_sub(x3, c(1, head(cs + 1, -1)), cs)
}
system.time(akrun())
# user system elapsed
# 0.003 0.000 0.003
system.time(thelate())
# user system elapsed
# 0.272 0.001 0.274
system.time(rawr())
# user system elapsed
# 0.397 0.001 0.398
system.time(ananda())
# user system elapsed
# 3.744 0.204 3.949
system.time(Colonel())
# user system elapsed
# 0.154 0.001 0.154
system.time(Cryo())
# user system elapsed
# 0.220 0.005 0.226
system.time(richard())
# user system elapsed
# 0.007 0.000 0.006
system.time(nicola(x3))
# user system elapsed
# 0.190 0.001 0.191
On a slightly bigger string,
set.seed(24)
x3 <- stri_rand_strings(1, 1e6)
system.time(akrun())
#user system elapsed
#0.166 0.000 0.155
system.time(richard())
# user system elapsed
# 0.606 0.000 0.569
system.time(richard2())
# user system elapsed
# 0.518 0.000 0.487
system.time(Colonel())
# user system elapsed
# 9.631 0.000 9.358
library(microbenchmark)
microbenchmark(richard(), richard2(), akrun(), times=20L, unit='relative')
#Unit: relative
# expr min lq mean median uq max neval cld
# richard() 2.438570 2.633896 2.365686 2.315503 2.368917 2.124581 20 b
#richard2() 2.389131 2.533301 2.223521 2.143112 2.153633 2.157861 20 b
# akrun() 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 20 a
NOTE: Tried to run the other methods, but it takes a long time
###data
str1 <- "111110000011110000111000"
x1 <- "1111100000222000333300011110000111000"
x2 <- "aaaaabbcccccccbbbad1111100000222aaabbccd11DaaBB"
Solution 2 - R
Variation on a theme:
x <- "111110000011110000111000"
regmatches(x,gregexpr("1+|0+",x))[[1]]
#[1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
Solution 3 - R
You could probably make use of substr or read.fwf along with rle (though it is unlikely to be as efficient as any regex-based solution):
x <- "111110000011110000111000"
unlist(read.fwf(textConnection(x),
rle(strsplit(x, "")[[1]])$lengths,
colClasses = "character"))
# V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
# "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
One advantage of this approach is that it would work even with, say:
x <- paste(c(rep("a", 5), rep("b", 2), rep("c", 7),
rep("b", 3), rep("a", 1), rep("d", 1)), collapse = "")
x
# [1] "aaaaabbcccccccbbbad"
unlist(read.fwf(textConnection(x),
rle(strsplit(x, "")[[1]])$lengths,
colClasses = "character"))
# V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6
# "aaaaa" "bb" "ccccccc" "bbb" "a" "d"
Solution 4 - R
Another way would be to add whitespace between the alternating digits. This would work for any two, not just 1s and 0s. Then use strsplit on the whitespace:
x <- "111110000011110000111000"
(y <- gsub('(\\d)(?!\\1)', '\\1 \\2', x, perl = TRUE))
# [1] "11111 00000 1111 0000 111 000 "
strsplit(y, ' ')[[1]]
# [1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
Or more succinctly as @akrun points out:
strsplit(x, '(?<=(\\d))(?!\\1)', perl=TRUE)[[1]]
# [1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
also changing \\d to \\w works also
x <- "aaaaabbcccccccbbbad"
strsplit(x, '(?<=(\\w))(?!\\1)', perl=TRUE)[[1]]
# [1] "aaaaa" "bb" "ccccccc" "bbb" "a" "d"
x <- "111110000011110000111000"
strsplit(x, '(?<=(\\w))(?!\\1)', perl=TRUE)[[1]]
# [1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
You could also use \K (rather than explicitly using the capture groups, \\1 and \\2) which I don't see used a lot nor do I know how to explain it :}
AFAIK \\K resets the starting point of the reported match and any previously consumed characters are no longer included, basically throwing away everything matched up to that point.
x <- "1111100000222000333300011110000111000"
(z <- gsub('(\\d)\\K(?!\\1)', ' ', x, perl = TRUE))
# [1] "11111 00000 222 000 3333 000 1111 0000 111 000 "
Solution 5 - R
Original Approach: Here is a stringi approach that incorporates rle().
x <- "111110000011110000111000"
library(stringi)
cs <- cumsum(
rle(stri_split_boundaries(x, type = "character")[[1L]])$lengths
)
stri_sub(x, c(1L, head(cs + 1L, -1L)), cs)
# [1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
Or, you can use the length argument in stri_sub()
rl <- rle(stri_split_boundaries(x, type = "character")[[1L]])
with(rl, {
stri_sub(x, c(1L, head(cumsum(lengths) + 1L, -1L)), length = lengths)
})
# [1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
Updated for Efficiency: After realizing that base::strsplit() is faster than stringi::stri_split_boundaries(), here is a more efficient version of my previous answer using only base functions.
set.seed(24)
x3 <- stri_rand_strings(1L, 1e6L)
system.time({
cs <- cumsum(rle(strsplit(x3, NULL)[[1L]])[[1L]])
substring(x3, c(1L, head(cs + 1L, -1L)), cs)
})
# user system elapsed
# 0.686 0.012 0.697
Solution 6 - R
Another approach in case, using mapply:
x="111110000011110000111000"
with(rle(strsplit(x,'')[[1]]),
mapply(function(u,v) paste0(rep(v,u), collapse=''), lengths, values))
#[1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
Solution 7 - R
It's not really what the OP was looking for (concise R code), but thought I'd give it a try in Rcpp, and turned out relatively simple and about 5x faster than the fastest R-based answers.
library(Rcpp)
cppFunction(
'std::vector<std::string> split_str_cpp(std::string x) {
std::vector<std::string> parts;
int start = 0;
for(int i = 1; i <= x.length(); i++) {
if(x[i] != x[i-1]) {
parts.push_back(x.substr(start, i-start));
start = i;
}
}
return parts;
}')
And testing on these
str1 <- "111110000011110000111000"
x1 <- "1111100000222000333300011110000111000"
x2 <- "aaaaabbcccccccbbbad1111100000222aaabbccd11DaaBB"
Gives the following output
> split_str_cpp(str1)
[1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
> split_str_cpp(x1)
[1] "11111" "00000" "222" "000" "3333" "000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"
> split_str_cpp(x2)
[1] "aaaaa" "bb" "ccccccc" "bbb" "a" "d" "11111" "00000" "222" "aaa" "bb" "cc" "d" "11"
[15] "D" "aa" "BB"
And a benchmark shows it's about 5-10x faster than R solutions.
akrun <- function(str1) strsplit(str1, '(?<=1)(?=0)|(?<=0)(?=1)', perl=TRUE)[[1]]
richard1 <- function(x3){
cs <- cumsum(
rle(stri_split_boundaries(x3, type = "character")[[1L]])$lengths
)
stri_sub(x3, c(1, head(cs + 1, -1)), cs)
}
richard2 <- function(x3) {
cs <- cumsum(rle(strsplit(x3, NULL)[[1L]])[[1L]])
stri_sub(x3, c(1, head(cs + 1, -1)), cs)
}
library(microbenchmark)
library(stringi)
set.seed(24)
x3 <- stri_rand_strings(1, 1e6)
microbenchmark(split_str_cpp(x3), akrun(x3), richard1(x3), richard2(x3), unit = 'relative', times=20L)
Comparison:
Unit: relative
expr min lq mean median uq max neval
split_str_cpp(x3) 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 1.000000 20
akrun(x3) 9.675613 8.952997 8.241750 8.689001 8.403634 4.423134 20
richard1(x3) 5.355620 5.226103 5.483171 5.947053 5.982943 3.379446 20
richard2(x3) 4.842398 4.756086 5.046077 5.389570 5.389193 3.669680 20
Solution 8 - R
Simple for loop solution
x="aaaaabbcccccccbbbad1111100000222aaabbccd11DaaBB"
res_vector=substr(x,1,1)
for (i in 2:nchar(x)) {
tmp=substr(x,i,i)
if (tmp==substr(x,i-1,i-1)) {
res_vector[length(res_vector)]=paste0(res_vector[length(res_vector)],tmp)
} else {
res_vector[length(res_vector)+1]=tmp
}
}
res_vector
#[1] "aaaaa" "bb" "ccccccc" "bbb" "a" "d" "11111" "00000" "222" "aaa" "bb" "cc" "d" "11" "D" "aa" "BB"
Or a maybe a little bit faster with a pre-allocated results vector
x="aaaaabbcccccccbbbad1111100000222aaabbccd11DaaBB"
res_vector=rep(NA_character_,nchar(x))
res_vector[1]=substr(x,1,1)
counter=1
old_tmp=''
for (i in 2:nchar(x)) {
tmp=substr(x,i,i)
if (tmp==old_tmp) {
res_vector[counter]=paste0(res_vector[counter],tmp)
} else {
res_vector[counter+1]=tmp
counter=counter+1
}
old_tmp=tmp
}
res_vector[!is.na(res_vector)]
Solution 9 - R
How about this:
s <- "111110000011110000111000"
spl <- strsplit(s,"10|01")[[1]]
l <- length(spl)
sapply(1:l, function(i) paste0(spl[i],i%%2,ifelse(i==1 | i==l, "",i%%2)))
# [1] "11111" "00000" "1111" "0000" "111" "000"