SOLUTION

Step 1. Install devtools packages 

    if (!require(&quot;devtools&quot;)) install.packages(&quot;devtools&quot;)
    library(devtools)
    
Step 2. Set configuration for our proxy (Please update your information proxy)

    library(httr)
    set_config(
      use_proxy(url=&quot;18.91.12.23&quot;, port=8080, username=&quot;user&quot;,password=&quot;password&quot;)
    )
    install_github(&#39;rWBclimate&#39;, &#39;ropensci&#39;)





If setting proxy configuration does not work (as was the case for me), one can download the package from github to local machine:

[![enter image description here][1]][1]


Unzip the folder and install it from local machine:

    devtools::install(&quot;C:/path/to/folder/ggbiplot-master&quot;)

  
  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/j39fE.png

I have been discussing about **DRY** (*Don&#39;t Repeat Yourself*) principle also known as **DIE** (*Duplication Is Evil*) and there are votes, that any simple code repetition is always an evil. I would like to hear your opinion about the following points:

 1. **Uncertain future**. Let&#39;s say, that we have the same code in two places. The key is, that these two places have only incidental connotation. There is a possibility, that they will vary in the future because their context and semantics are different. Making an abstraction from these places is not cheap and if one of these places change, unwrapping from abstraction will be even more expensive.
 2. **Readability**. There is a complex computation that involve several variables or steps. In other place of code there is another one, that have some parts identical. The problem is, that if we take out the common parts, the readability of calculation will decrease and created abstraction will be very hard to give it a descriptive name. Worse, if some part of algorithm will change in the future like in point 1.

Does the above cases are good reason to give up abstraction process and just leave duplicated code in favor of risk of future changes or just readability?

 

Is violation of DRY principle always bad?

Can anyone explain what does Java do when `_JAVA_OPTIONS` Environment variable defined &amp; when application launched on the windows machine? 

Information about _JAVA_OPTIONS

When you try to install some package of R from GitHub&#39;s repository

    install_github(&#39;rWBclimate&#39;, &#39;ropensci&#39;)

If you have the following error:
   
    Installing github repo(s) rWBclimate/master from ropensci
    Downloading rWBclimate.zip from https://github.com/ropensci/rWBclimate/archive/master.zip
    Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE)  :
    Could not resolve host: github.com; Host not found, try again

This error is displayed because R is trying to access on Intenet through a proxy.

Solution. How to install_github when there is a proxy

When you try to install some package of R from GitHub's repository
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">install_github('rWBclimate', 'ropensci')
</code></pre>
If you have the following error:
<pre><code class="hljs language-javascript">Installing github repo(s) rWBclimate/master from ropensci
Downloading rWBclimate.zip from https://github.com/ropensci/rWBclimate/archive/master.zip
Error in function (type, msg, asError = TRUE) :
Could not resolve host: github.com; Host not found, try again
</code></pre>
This error is displayed because R is trying to access on Intenet through a proxy.

I have a program that does some data analysis and is a few hundred lines long.  

Very early on in the program, I want to do some quality control and if there is not enough data, I want the program to terminate and return to the R console. Otherwise, I want the rest of the code to execute.

I&#39;ve tried `break`,`browser`, and `quit` and none of them stop the execution of the rest of the program (and `quit` stops the execution as well as completely quitting R, which is not something I want to happen). My last resort is creating an `if-else` statement as below:

     if(n &lt; 500){}
     else{*insert rest of program here*}

but that seems like bad coding practice.  Am I missing something?

break/exit script

Related, but only talks about the allocated plot space in general, not how to directly set the plot image size and *then* scale it to fill the desired space

- https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17204735/shiny-chart-space-allocation

---

I&#39;m creating a shiny web app and would like to set the size of the plot *and* scale. What I mean by that is I&#39;m looking for a way to set a finite height/width for my plot, and *then* scale that set sized image to the `mainPanel( plotOutput ())` area.

Take this as an example/analogous situation outside of `shiny`.

    x &lt;- 1:10
    y &lt;- x^2
    png(&quot;~/Desktop/small.png&quot;, width = 600, height = 400)
    plot(x, y)
    dev.off()

    png(&quot;~/Desktop/big.png&quot;, width = 1200, height = 800)
    plot(x, y)
    dev.off()

I can&#39;t upload images to SO and set a size, so I&#39;ll include a browser screenshot of each using the following html:

    &lt;img src=&quot;file:///home/jwhendy/Desktop/file.png&quot; width = &quot;800px&quot; /&gt;

This is a full width screenshot on my 1600 x 900 px laptop.

**Small**
![smaller picture][1]

**Big**
![bigger picture][2]

I&#39;d like to control the size of the image itself, as I find the `ggplot2` legends when using options like `colour = var` and `size = var` to be pretty small. Note the difficulty of reading axis labels for the bigger picture as well. I realize I may get into a situation where the size of the image doesn&#39;t scale well due to limited pixels, but I think I at least have *some* room to travel before I run into that.

Any suggestions? I&#39;ve tried playing with the following so far, but without luck:

**ui.R**
---
    
    shinyUI(pageWithSidebar(
    
    headerPanel(&quot;Title&quot;),
      
      sidebarPanel(),
    
      mainPanel(
      
         plotOutput(outputId = &quot;main_plot&quot;, width = &quot;100%&quot;))
      
      ))

**server.R**
---

    shinyServer(function(input, output) {
    
      x &lt;- 1:10
      y &lt;- x^2
    
      output$main_plot &lt;- renderPlot({
    
        plot(x, y) }, height = 400, width = 600 )
    } )

It seems that the height/width options specified in `server.R` override whatever I have set in the `plotOutput` section of `ui.R`.

Is there a way to keep the size of the plot image smaller to maintain readability while still filling the desired `mainPanel` area?

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/hDLBg.png
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/KPlaV.png

Scale and size of plot in RStudio shiny

Is there a way to use mapply on two vectors to construct a named list? The first vector would be of type `character` and contain the names used for the list while the second contains the values.

So far, the only solution I have is:

    &gt; dummyList = list()
    &gt; addToList &lt;- function(name, value) {
    + dummyList[[name]] &lt;- value
    + }
    &gt; mapply(addToList, c(&quot;foo&quot;, &quot;bar&quot;), as.list(c(1, 2))
    $foo
    `1`
    
    $bar
    `2`

This seems like a rather contrived solution, but I can&#39;t figure out how to do it otherwise. The problems I have with it are:

1. It requires the creation of `dummyList` even though `dummyList` is never changed and is an empty list after the call to `mapply`.

2. If the numeric vector, `c(1, 2)`, is not converted to a list, then the result of the call to `mapply` is a named vector of doubles.

To get around problem 2, I can always just call `mapply` on two vectors and then call `as.list` on the result, but it seems like there should be a way to directly create a list with the values being in a vector. 


 

Creating a named list from two vectors (names, values)

Prompted by a spot of earlier code golfing why would:

    &gt;NaN^0
    [1] 1

It makes perfect sense for `NA^0` to be 1 because `NA` is missing data, and *any* number raised to 0 will give 1, including `-Inf` and `Inf`. However `NaN` is supposed to represent *not-a-number*, so why would this be so? This is even more confusing/worrying when the help page for `?NaN` states:

&gt; In R, basically all mathematical functions (including basic
&gt; `Arithmetic`), are supposed to work properly with `+/- Inf` and `NaN` as
&gt; input or output.
&gt; 
&gt; The basic rule should be that calls and relations with `Inf`s really are
&gt; statements with a proper mathematical limit.
&gt; 
&gt; ***Computations involving `NaN` will return `NaN` or perhaps `NA`***: which of
&gt; those two is not guaranteed and may depend on the R platform (since
&gt; compilers may re-order computations).

Is there a philosophical reason behind this, or is it just to do with how R represents these constants?

Why does NaN^0 == 1

I want to merge two data frames keeping the original row order of one of them (`df.2` in the example below).

Here are some sample data (all values from `class` column are defined in both data frames):

    df.1 &lt;- data.frame(class = c(1, 2, 3), prob = c(0.5, 0.7, 0.3))
    df.2 &lt;- data.frame(object = c(&#39;A&#39;, &#39;B&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;F&#39;, &#39;C&#39;), class = c(2, 1, 2, 3, 1))

If I do:

    merge(df.2, df.1)

Output is:

      class object prob
    1     1      B  0.5
    2     1      C  0.5
    3     2      A  0.7
    4     2      D  0.7
    5     3      F  0.3

If I add `sort = FALSE`:

    merge(df.2, df.1, sort = F)                                                        

Result is:

      class object prob
    1     2      A  0.7
    2     2      D  0.7
    3     1      B  0.5
    4     1      C  0.5
    5     3      F  0.3

But what I would like is:

      class object prob
    1     2      A  0.7
    2     1      B  0.5
    3     2      D  0.7
    4     3      F  0.3    
    5     1      C  0.5

Merge two data frames while keeping the original row order

GitHub has the nice feature of Web-based file editing. However, it seems that after editing one file I have to commit the changes for this file before continuing. Is there a way I can edit two or more files then make one commit for all the changes of them? 

I think this would be better since too many unnecessary commits are annoying.

Can I edit two files then make one commit using GitHub Web-based editor?


Pull Requests are great for understanding the larger thinking around a change or set of changes made to a repo. Reading pull requests are a great way to quickly &quot;grok&quot; a project as, instead of small atomic changes to the source, you get larger groupings of logical changes. Analogous to organizing the lines in your code into related &quot;stanzas&quot; to make it easier to read.

I find myself looking at a file or a commit, and I wonder if there is a way to backtrack the commit to the Pull Request that originally created it. That Pull Request would have been merged eventually, but not necessary with a merge-commit.


Find a Pull Request on GitHub where a commit was originally created

Recently, I&#39;m added as a member/contributor for Github project. I have cloned that project on local machine.

I have made some changes and committed locally and now trying to Push changes to original repo but when I try to Push,I get some permission error?

    C:\Users\MM\Documents\GitHub\software-licensing-php [master]&gt; git push
    origin master
    remote: Permission to EasySoftwareLicensing/software-licensing-php.git denied to
     irfandayan.
    fatal: unable to access &#39;https://github.com/EasySoftwareLicensing/software-licen
    sing-php.git/&#39;: The requested URL returned error: 403
    C:\Users\MM\Documents\GitHub\software-licensing-php [master]&gt; git statu
    s
    # On branch master
    # Your branch is ahead of &#39;origin/master&#39; by 2 commits.
    #   (use &quot;git push&quot; to publish your local commits)
    #
    nothing to commit, working directory clean

Am I lacking some permission for pushing changes so I could ask the original author of project?


Permission denied error on Github Push

I&#39;ve found [this post][1] about using the command line, but is it possible to view the file change history of a single file in a repository on github.com?

An in-browser solution would help me to better illustrate changes to team members while in meetings.

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/278192/view-the-change-history-of-a-file-using-git-versioning


View the change history of a file using github.com

I was trying to setup an SSH connection with Github following this tutorial:

* [Testing your SSH connection](https://docs.github.com/en/github/authenticating-to-github/connecting-to-github-with-ssh/testing-your-ssh-connection)

I came across the following command: 

    $ ssh -T git@github.com 
    # Attempts to ssh to github

Curious, I looked at the ssh manual. It said the following:

     -T      Disable pseudo-tty allocation.

What is tty allocation? What does tty stand for? Why are we disabling it?&lt;br&gt;I earnestly tried to look it up but I was unable to find even a definition.

What is Pseudo TTY-Allocation? (SSH and Github)

I want to test Https calls from android device using Charles proxy tool. I need to see the raw request/response contents for debugging app. I&#39;ve configured Charles by adding the host and port under &quot;Proxy Settings&quot; -&gt; SSL Tab. When I run the app, all SSL calls seems to disappear quickly from the Charles. Does any one has any idea how to fix this issue. Charles documentation doesn&#39;t seem to have information for Android devices.



SSL Proxy/Charles and Android trouble

is there a way to configure bower not only to use a proxy but ignore the proxy configuration for some domains?

I have the problem, that I will run an internal bower registry for our own developed components. For that repository I would like to ignore the proxy configuration.

bower proxy configuration

I have a wildcard DNS set up so that all web requests to a custom domain (*.foo) map to the IP address of the Docker host.  If I have multiple containers running Apache (or Nginx) instances, each container maps the Apache port (80) to some external inbound port.

What I would like to do is make a request to container-1.foo, which is already mapped to the correct IP address (of the Docker host) via my custom DNS server, but proxy the default port 80 request to the correct Docker external port such that the correct Apache instance from the specified container is able to respond based on the custom domain.  Likewise, container-2.foo would proxy to a second container&#39;s apache, and so on.

Is there a pre-built solution for this, is my best bet to run an Nginx proxy on the Docker host, or should I write up a node.js proxy with the potential to manage Docker containers (start/stop/reuild via the web), or...?  What options do I have that would make using the Docker containers more like a natural event and not something with extraneous ports and container juggling?

Assigning vhosts to Docker ports

I am trying to use python package manager pip to install a package and it&#39;s dependencies from the internet. However I am behind a proxy in my college and have already set the `http_proxy` environment variable. But when I try to install a package like this:

    pip install TwitterApi

I get this error in the log file:

    Getting page http://pypi.python.org/simple/TwitterApi
    Could not fetch URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/TwitterApi: &lt;urlopen error [Errno 111] Connection refused&gt;
    Will skip URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/TwitterApi when looking for download links for TwitterApi
    Getting page http://pypi.python.org/simple/
    Could not fetch URL http://pypi.python.org/simple/: &lt;urlopen error [Errno 111] Connection refused&gt;

I even tried setting my proxy variable explicitly like this:

    pip install --proxy http://user:password@proxyserver:port TwitterApi

But I still get the same error. How do I get pip to work behind a proxy server.

How to get pip to work behind a proxy server

I&#39;ve found some interesting reading on the `X-Forwarded-*` headers, including the  [Reverse Proxy Request Headers][1] section in the Apache documentation, as well as the [Wikipedia article on X-Forwarded-For][2].

I understand that:

- `X-Forwarded-For` gives the address of the client which connected to the proxy
- `X-Forwarded-Port` gives the port the client connected to on the proxy (e.g. `80` or `443`)
- `X-Forwarded-Proto` gives the protocol the client used to connect to the proxy (`http` or `https`)
- `X-Forwarded-Host` gives the content of the `Host` header the client sent to the proxy.

These all make sense.

However, I still can&#39;t figure out a real life use case of `X-Forwarded-Host`. I understand the need to repeat the connection on a different port or using a different scheme, but **why would a proxy server ever change the `Host` header when repeating the request to the target server?**


  [1]: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_proxy.html#x-headers
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Guillermo Santos	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - R	Guillermo Santos	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - R	USER_1	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Solution. How to install_github when there is a proxy

R Problem Overview

R Solutions

Solution 1 - R

Solution 2 - R

Information about _JAVA_OPTIONS

Is violation of DRY principle always bad?

Attributions