Slow initial server startup when using Phusion Passenger and Rails

To jump on the band-wagon of Phusion Passenger we've setup a staging server for a small rails app to test things out.

So far it has been very nice to use, it makes installing/configuring and deploying apps a breeze. The problem is the site we're using doesn't get hit very often and it seems to shut down the servers in the background. Meaning when someone goes to the site they have a really long wait until it starts up a new server to handle the request. We've read through the documentation, tried quite a few different set-ups (smart/smart-lv2 modes, passengeridletime etc) and still haven't found a real solution.

After ploughing through Google results we can't really find useful information. Currently we have a cron job that makes a request every-so-often in an attempt to keep the servers running.

Is anyone else experiencing this problem and do you have any advice for a fix?

What's happening is that your Application and/or ApplicationSpawners are shutting down due to time-out. To process your new request, Passenger has to startup a new copy of your application, which can take several seconds, even on a fast machine. To fix the issue, there are a few Apache configuration options you can use to keep your Application alive.

Here's specifically what I've done on my servers. The PassengerSpawnMethod and PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime are the configuration options most important in your situation.

# Speeds up spawn time tremendously -- if your app is compatible. 
# RMagick seems to be incompatible with smart spawning
# Older versions of Passenger called this RailsSpawnMethod
PassengerSpawnMethod smart

# Keep the application instances alive longer. Default is 300 (seconds)
PassengerPoolIdleTime 1000

# Keep the spawners alive, which speeds up spawning a new Application
# listener after a period of inactivity at the expense of memory.
# Older versions of Passenger called this RailsAppSpawnerIdleTime
PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime 0

# Just in case you're leaking memory, restart a listener 
# after processing 5000 requests
PassengerMaxRequests 5000

By using "smart" spawning mode and turning off PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime, Passenger will keep 1 copy of your application in memory at all times (after the first request after starting Apache). Individual Application listeners will be forked from this copy, which is a super-cheap operation. It happens so quickly you can't tell whether or not your application has had to spawn a listener.

If your app is incompatible with smart spawning, I'd recommend keeping a large PassengerPoolIdleTime and hitting your site periodically using curl and a cronjob or monit or something to ensure the listener stays alive.

The Passenger User Guide is an awesome reference for these and more configuration options.

edit: If your app is incompatible with smart spawning, there are some new options that are very nice

# Automatically hit your site when apache starts, so that you don't have to wait
# for the first request for passenger to "spin up" your application. This even
# helps when you have smart spawning enabled. 
PassengerPreStart http://myexample.com/
PassengerPreStart http://myexample2.com:3500/

# the minimum number of application instances that must be kept around whenever 
# the application is first accessed or after passenger cleans up idle instances
# With this option, 3 application instances will ALWAYS be available after the
# first request, even after passenger cleans up idle ones
PassengerMinInstances 3

So, if you combine PassengerPreStart and PassengerMinInstances, Passenger will spin up 3 instances immediately after apache loads, and will always keep at least 3 instances up, so your users will rarely (if ever) see a delay.

Or, if you're using smart spawning (recommended) with PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime 0 already, you can add PassengerPreStart to get the additional benefit of immediate startup.

Many thanks to the heroes at phusion.nl!

Just incase there are any nginx server users stumbling upon this question, both the 'PassengerMaxRequests' and 'PassengerStatThrottleRate' directives don't translate to nginx. However the others do:

rails_spawn_method smart;
rails_app_spawner_idle_time 0;
rails_framework_spawner_idle_time 0;
passenger_pool_idle_time 1000;

HTH!

EDIT rails_spawn_method is deprecated in passenger 3 instead use

passenger_spawn_method smart; 

everything else is just good till date.

You can also use PassengerMinInstances:

http://www.modrails.com/documentation/Users%20guide%20Apache.html#PassengerMinInstances

This can be combined with PassengerPreStart

RE:

# Additionally keep a copy of the Rails framework in memory. If you're 
# using multiple apps on the same version of Rails, this will speed up
# the creation of new RailsAppSpawners. This isn't necessary if you're
# only running one or 2 applications, or if your applications use
# different versions of Rails.
RailsFrameworkSpawnerIdleTime 0

Just something to add and might be useful.

The default spawn method in the current release is "smart-lv2", which skips the framework spawner, so setting the framework spawner timeout wouldn't have effect anyway unless you explicitly set the spawn method to "smart".

Source: http://groups.google.com/group/phusion-passenger/browse_thread/thread/c21b8d17cdb073fd?pli=1

If your host is a shared server, like mine, you can't change the settings and are stuck with a cron job.

I had also this problem but I was not able to change the passenger settings because I had no write permission to this file. I found a tool ( http://www.wekkars.com ) that keeps my app responding fast. Maybe this can also be a solution for you.

check the version of passenger. it was RailsSpawnMethod <string> for old versions.

If so (if I remember correctly), replace Passenger with Rails in all the configuration directives or look for old passenger docs for more details