Simplest PHP example for retrieving user_timeline with Twitter API version 1.1
PhpTwitterPhp Problem Overview
Because of the Twitter API 1.0 retirement as of June 11th 2013, the script below does not work anymore.
// Create curl resource
$ch = curl_init();
// Set url
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_URL, "http://twitter.com/statuses/user_timeline/myscreenname.json?count=10");
// Return the transfer as a string
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// $output contains the output string
$output = curl_exec($ch);
// Close curl resource to free up system resources
curl_close($ch);
if ($output)
{
$tweets = json_decode($output,true);
foreach ($tweets as $tweet)
{
print_r($tweet);
}
}
How can I get the user_timeline (recent statuses) with the least code possible?
I found this: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/get/statuses/user_timeline but I get the following error:
"{"errors":[{"message":"Could not authenticate you","code":32}]}"
There are a lot of classes out there but after trying several none of them seem to work because of these updates at Twitter, plus some of them are pretty advanced classes with a lot of functionality that I don't really need.
What is the simplest/shortest way to get the recent user statuses with PHP?
Php Solutions
Solution 1 - Php
> Important Note: As of mid-2018, the process to get twitter API tokens became a lot more bureaucratic. It has taken me over one working week to be provided a set of API tokens, and this is for an open source project for you guys and girls with over 1.2 million installations on Packagist and 1.6k stars on Github, which theoretically should be higher priority. > >If you are tasked with working with the twitter API for your work, you must take this potentially extremely long wait-time into account. Also consider other social media avenues like Facebook or Instagram and provide these options, as the process for retrieving their tokens is instant.
So you want to use the Twitter v1.1 API?
Note: the files for these are on GitHub.
Version 1.0 will soon be deprecated and unauthorised requests won't be allowed. So, here's a post to help you do just that, along with a PHP class to make your life easier.
>1. Create a developer account: Set yourself up a developer account on Twitter
You need to visit the official Twitter developer site and register for a developer account. This is a free and necessary step to make requests for the v1.1 API.
>2. Create an application: Create an application on the Twitter developer site
What? You thought you could make unauthenticated requests? Not with Twitter's v1.1 API. You need to visit http://dev.twitter.com/apps and click the "Create Application" button.
On this page, fill in whatever details you want. For me, it didn't matter, because I just wanted to make a load of block requests to get rid of spam followers. The point is you are going to get yourself a set of unique keys to use for your application.
So, the point of creating an application is to give yourself (and Twitter) a set of keys. These are:
- The consumer key
- The consumer secret
- The access token
- The access token secret
There's a little bit of information here on what these tokens for.
>3. Create access tokens: You'll need these to make successful requests
OAuth requests a few tokens. So you need to have them generated for you.
Click "create my access token" at the bottom. Then once you scroll to the bottom again, you'll have some newly generated keys. You need to grab the four previously labelled keys from this page for your API calls, so make a note of them somewhere.
>4. Change access level: You don't want read-only, do you?
If you want to make any decent use of this API, you'll need to change your settings to Read & Write if you're doing anything other than standard data retrieval using GET requests.
Choose the "Settings" tab near the top of the page.
Give your application read / write access, and hit "Update" at the bottom.
You can read more about the applications permission model that Twitter uses here.
>5. Write code to access the API: I've done most of it for you
I combined the code above, with some modifications and changes, into a PHP class so it's really simple to make the requests you require.
This uses OAuth and the Twitter v1.1 API, and the class I've created which you can find below.
require_once('TwitterAPIExchange.php');
/** Set access tokens here - see: https://dev.twitter.com/apps/ **/
$settings = array(
'oauth_access_token' => "YOUR_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN",
'oauth_access_token_secret' => "YOUR_OAUTH_ACCESS_TOKEN_SECRET",
'consumer_key' => "YOUR_CONSUMER_KEY",
'consumer_secret' => "YOUR_CONSUMER_SECRET"
);
Make sure you put the keys you got from your application above in their respective spaces.
Next you need to choose a URL you want to make a request to. Twitter has their API documentation to help you choose which URL and also the request type (POST or GET).
/** URL for REST request, see: https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1.1/ **/
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/blocks/create.json';
$requestMethod = 'POST';
In the documentation, each URL states what you can pass to it. If we're using the "blocks" URL like the one above, I can pass the following POST parameters:
/** POST fields required by the URL above. See relevant docs as above **/
$postfields = array(
'screen_name' => 'usernameToBlock',
'skip_status' => '1'
);
Now that you've set up what you want to do with the API, it's time to make the actual request.
/** Perform the request and echo the response **/
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
echo $twitter->buildOauth($url, $requestMethod)
->setPostfields($postfields)
->performRequest();
And for a POST request, that's it!
For a GET request, it's a little different. Here's an example:
/** Note: Set the GET field BEFORE calling buildOauth(); **/
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/followers/ids.json';
$getfield = '?username=J7mbo';
$requestMethod = 'GET';
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
echo $twitter->setGetfield($getfield)
->buildOauth($url, $requestMethod)
->performRequest();
Final code example: For a simple GET request for a list of my followers.
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/followers/list.json';
$getfield = '?username=J7mbo&skip_status=1';
$requestMethod = 'GET';
$twitter = new TwitterAPIExchange($settings);
echo $twitter->setGetfield($getfield)
->buildOauth($url, $requestMethod)
->performRequest();
I've put these files on GitHub with credit to @lackovic10 and @rivers! I hope someone finds it useful; I know I did (I used it for bulk blocking in a loop).
> Also, for those on Windows who are having problems with SSL certificates, look at this post. This library uses cURL under the hood so you need to make sure you have your cURL certs set up probably. Google is also your friend.
Solution 2 - Php
Go to dev.twitter.com and create an application. This will provide you with the credentials you need. Here is an implementation I've recently written with PHP and cURL.
<?php
function buildBaseString($baseURI, $method, $params) {
$r = array();
ksort($params);
foreach($params as $key=>$value){
$r[] = "$key=" . rawurlencode($value);
}
return $method."&" . rawurlencode($baseURI) . '&' . rawurlencode(implode('&', $r));
}
function buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth) {
$r = 'Authorization: OAuth ';
$values = array();
foreach($oauth as $key=>$value)
$values[] = "$key=\"" . rawurlencode($value) . "\"";
$r .= implode(', ', $values);
return $r;
}
$url = "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json";
$oauth_access_token = "YOURVALUE";
$oauth_access_token_secret = "YOURVALUE";
$consumer_key = "YOURVALUE";
$consumer_secret = "YOURVALUE";
$oauth = array( 'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
'oauth_nonce' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_token' => $oauth_access_token,
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_version' => '1.0');
$base_info = buildBaseString($url, 'GET', $oauth);
$composite_key = rawurlencode($consumer_secret) . '&' . rawurlencode($oauth_access_token_secret);
$oauth_signature = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_info, $composite_key, true));
$oauth['oauth_signature'] = $oauth_signature;
// Make requests
$header = array(buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth), 'Expect:');
$options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
//CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postfields,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => $url,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
$feed = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json = curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);
$twitter_data = json_decode($json);
//print it out
print_r ($twitter_data);
?>
This can be run from the command line:
$ php <name of PHP script>.php
Solution 3 - Php
The code pasted by Rivers is great. Thanks a lot! I'm new here and can't comment, I'd just want to answer to the question from javiervd (How would you set the screen_name and count with this approach?), as I've lost a lot of time to figure it out.
You need to add the parameters both to the URL and to the signature creating process. Creating a signature is the article that helped me. Here is my code:
$oauth = array(
'screen_name' => 'DwightHoward',
'count' => 2,
'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
'oauth_nonce' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_token' => $oauth_access_token,
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);
$options = array(
CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
//CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postfields,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => $url . '?screen_name=DwightHoward&count=2',
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false
);
Solution 4 - Php
Like stated in other answers, create a Twitter app to get the token, key and secret.
Using the code bellow, you can modify request parameters from one spot and avoid typos and similar errors (change $request array in returnTweet() function).
function buildBaseString($baseURI, $method, $params) {
$r = array();
ksort($params);
foreach($params as $key=>$value){
$r[] = "$key=" . rawurlencode($value);
}
return $method."&" . rawurlencode($baseURI) . '&' . rawurlencode(implode('&', $r));
}
function buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth) {
$r = 'Authorization: OAuth ';
$values = array();
foreach($oauth as $key=>$value)
$values[] = "$key=\"" . rawurlencode($value) . "\"";
$r .= implode(', ', $values);
return $r;
}
function returnTweet(){
$oauth_access_token = "x";
$oauth_access_token_secret = "x";
$consumer_key = "x";
$consumer_secret = "x";
$twitter_timeline = "user_timeline"; // mentions_timeline / user_timeline / home_timeline / retweets_of_me
// create request
$request = array(
'screen_name' => 'budidino',
'count' => '3'
);
$oauth = array(
'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
'oauth_nonce' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_token' => $oauth_access_token,
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);
// merge request and oauth to one array
$oauth = array_merge($oauth, $request);
// do some magic
$base_info = buildBaseString("https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json", 'GET', $oauth);
$composite_key = rawurlencode($consumer_secret) . '&' . rawurlencode($oauth_access_token_secret);
$oauth_signature = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_info, $composite_key, true));
$oauth['oauth_signature'] = $oauth_signature;
// make request
$header = array(buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth), 'Expect:');
$options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json?". http_build_query($request),
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
$feed = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json = curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);
return json_decode($json, true);
}
and then just call returnTweet()
Solution 5 - Php
Thank you Kris!
It worked for me without using parameters to the query, whenever I used more than one parameter it showed me the error: 32 Could not authenticate you.
The problem for me, was in the ampersand encoding. So in your code where it's the following line
$url .= "?".http_build_query($query);
I added the following line below:
$url=str_replace("&","&",$url);
And it worked using two or more parameters like screen_name and count.
The whole code looks like this:
$token = 'YOUR TOKEN';
$token_secret = 'TOKEN SECRET';
$consumer_key = 'YOUR KEY';
$consumer_secret = 'KEY SECRET';
$host = 'api.twitter.com';
$method = 'GET';
$path = '/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json'; // api call path
$query = array( // query parameters
'screen_name' => 'twitterapi',
'count' => '2'
);
$oauth = array(
'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
'oauth_token' => $token,
'oauth_nonce' => (string)mt_rand(), // a stronger nonce is recommended
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);
$oauth = array_map("rawurlencode", $oauth); // must be encoded before sorting
$query = array_map("rawurlencode", $query);
$arr = array_merge($oauth, $query); // combine the values THEN sort
asort($arr); // secondary sort (value)
ksort($arr); // primary sort (key)
// http_build_query automatically encodes, but our parameters
// are already encoded, and must be by this point, so we undo
// the encoding step
$querystring = urldecode(http_build_query($arr, '', '&'));
$url = "https://$host$path";
// mash everything together for the text to hash
$base_string = $method."&".rawurlencode($url)."&".rawurlencode($querystring);
// same with the key
$key = rawurlencode($consumer_secret)."&".rawurlencode($token_secret);
// generate the hash
$signature = rawurlencode(base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_string, $key, true)));
// this time we're using a normal GET query, and we're only encoding the query params
// (without the oauth params)
$url .= "?".http_build_query($query);
$url=str_replace("&","&",$url); //Patch by @Frewuill
$oauth['oauth_signature'] = $signature; // don't want to abandon all that work!
ksort($oauth); // probably not necessary, but twitter's demo does it
// also not necessary, but twitter's demo does this too
function add_quotes($str) { return '"'.$str.'"'; }
$oauth = array_map("add_quotes", $oauth);
// this is the full value of the Authorization line
$auth = "OAuth " . urldecode(http_build_query($oauth, '', ', '));
// if you're doing post, you need to skip the GET building above
// and instead supply query parameters to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
$options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => array("Authorization: $auth"),
//CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postfields,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => $url,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
// do our business
$feed = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json = curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);
$twitter_data = json_decode($json);
Hope It helps somebody with the same problem I had.
Solution 6 - Php
This question helped me a lot but didn't get me all the way in understanding what needs to happen. This blog post did an amazing job of walking me through it.
Here are the important bits all in one place:
- As pointed out above, you MUST sign your 1.1 API requests. If you are doing something like getting public statuses, you'll want an application key rather than a user key. The full link to the page you want is: https://dev.twitter.com/apps
- You must hash ALL the parameters, both the oauth ones AND the get parameters (or POST parameters) together.
- You must SORT the parameters before reducing them to the url encoded form that gets hashed.
- You must encode some things multiple times - for example, you create a query string from the parameters' url-encoded values, and then you url encode THAT and concatenate with the method type and the url.
I sympathize with all the headaches, so here's some code to wrap it all up:
$token = 'YOUR TOKEN';
$token_secret = 'TOKEN SECRET';
$consumer_key = 'YOUR KEY';
$consumer_secret = 'KEY SECRET';
$host = 'api.twitter.com';
$method = 'GET';
$path = '/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json'; // api call path
$query = array( // query parameters
'screen_name' => 'twitterapi',
'count' => '2'
);
$oauth = array(
'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
'oauth_token' => $token,
'oauth_nonce' => (string)mt_rand(), // a stronger nonce is recommended
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);
$oauth = array_map("rawurlencode", $oauth); // must be encoded before sorting
$query = array_map("rawurlencode", $query);
$arr = array_merge($oauth, $query); // combine the values THEN sort
asort($arr); // secondary sort (value)
ksort($arr); // primary sort (key)
// http_build_query automatically encodes, but our parameters
// are already encoded, and must be by this point, so we undo
// the encoding step
$querystring = urldecode(http_build_query($arr, '', '&'));
$url = "https://$host$path";
// mash everything together for the text to hash
$base_string = $method."&".rawurlencode($url)."&".rawurlencode($querystring);
// same with the key
$key = rawurlencode($consumer_secret)."&".rawurlencode($token_secret);
// generate the hash
$signature = rawurlencode(base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_string, $key, true)));
// this time we're using a normal GET query, and we're only encoding the query params
// (without the oauth params)
$url .= "?".http_build_query($query);
$oauth['oauth_signature'] = $signature; // don't want to abandon all that work!
ksort($oauth); // probably not necessary, but twitter's demo does it
// also not necessary, but twitter's demo does this too
function add_quotes($str) { return '"'.$str.'"'; }
$oauth = array_map("add_quotes", $oauth);
// this is the full value of the Authorization line
$auth = "OAuth " . urldecode(http_build_query($oauth, '', ', '));
// if you're doing post, you need to skip the GET building above
// and instead supply query parameters to CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS
$options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => array("Authorization: $auth"),
//CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => $postfields,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => $url,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
// do our business
$feed = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json = curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);
$twitter_data = json_decode($json);
Solution 7 - Php
If you have the OAuth PHP library installed, you don't have to worry about forming the request yourself.
$oauth = new OAuth($consumer_key, $consumer_secret, OAUTH_SIG_METHOD_HMACSHA1, OAUTH_AUTH_TYPE_URI);
$oauth->setToken($access_token, $access_secret);
$oauth->fetch("https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json");
$twitter_data = json_decode($oauth->getLastResponse());
print_r($twitter_data);
For more information, check out The docs or their example. You can use pecl install oauth to get the library.
Solution 8 - Php
First of all I wanted to thank jimbo and (his post / twitter-api-php simple library).
If you are going to use the GET search/tweets API with "twitter-api-php" PHP library (TwitterAPIExchange.php):
First, you have to just comment "Perform a POST request and echo the response " code area.
Just use "Perform a GET request and echo the response" code and echo the response and change these two lines:
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/followers/ids.json';
$getfield = '?screen_name=J7mbo';
to
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/search/tweets.json';
$getfield = '?q=J7mbo';
(Change screen_name to q, that's it :)
Solution 9 - Php
You'll need a to create an "app" on Twitter (and you need a Twitter account to do this).
Then, you need to use OAuth to make an authorized request to Twitter.
You can use the GET statuses/user_timeline resource to get a list of recent tweets.
Solution 10 - Php
Here's a brief one for getting a specified number of tweets from your timeline. It basically does the same thing as the other examples, only with less code.
Just fill in the keys and adjust $count to your liking:
$url = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json';
$count = '10';
$oauth = array('count' => $count,
'oauth_consumer_key' => '[CONSUMER KEY]',
'oauth_nonce' => md5(mt_rand()),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_token' => '[ACCESS TOKEN]',
'oauth_version' => '1.0');
$oauth['oauth_signature'] = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', 'GET&' . rawurlencode($url) . '&' . rawurlencode(implode('&', array_map(function ($v, $k) { return $k . '=' . $v; }, $oauth, array_keys($oauth)))), '[CONSUMER SECRET]&[ACCESS TOKEN SECRET]', true));
$twitterData = json_decode(file_get_contents($url . '?count=' . $count, false, stream_context_create(array('http' => array('method' => 'GET',
'header' => 'Authorization: OAuth '
. implode(', ', array_map(function ($v, $k) { return $k . '="' . rawurlencode($v) . '"'; }, $oauth, array_keys($oauth))))))));
This one uses anonymous functions and file_get_contents instead of the cURL library. Note the use of an MD5 hashed nonce. Everyone seems to be going along with the time() nonce, however, most examples on the web concerning OAuth use some kind of encrypted string (like this one: http://www.sitepoint.com/understanding-oauth-1/). This makes more sense to me too.
Further note: you need PHP 5.3+ for the anonymous functions (in case your server/computer is in some cold war cave and you can't upgrade it).
Solution 11 - Php
From their signature generator, you can generate curl commands of the form:
curl --get 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/user_timeline.json' --data 'count=2&screen_name=twitterapi' --header 'Authorization: OAuth oauth_consumer_key="YOUR_KEY", oauth_nonce="YOUR_NONCE", oauth_signature="YOUR-SIG", oauth_signature_method="HMAC-SHA1", oauth_timestamp="TIMESTAMP", oauth_token="YOUR-TOKEN", oauth_version="1.0"' --verbose
Solution 12 - Php
$connection = new TwitterOAuth(CONSUMER_KEY, CONSUMER_SECRET, OAUTH_TOKEN, OAUTH_TOKEN_SECRET);
$timelines = $connection->get('statuses/user_timeline', array('screen_name' => 'NSE_NIFTY', 'count' => 100, 'include_rts' => 1));
Solution 13 - Php
Thanks to this thread, and especially budidino because his code is what drove it home for me. Just wanted to contribute how to retrieve the JSON data from a request. Make changes to "//create request" request array part of the code to perform different requests. Ultimately, this will output the JSON onto the browser screen
<?php
function buildBaseString($baseURI, $method, $params) {
$r = array();
ksort($params);
foreach($params as $key=>$value){
$r[] = "$key=" . rawurlencode($value);
}
return $method."&" . rawurlencode($baseURI) . '&' . rawurlencode(implode('&', $r));
}
function buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth) {
$r = 'Authorization: OAuth ';
$values = array();
foreach($oauth as $key=>$value)
$values[] = "$key=\"" . rawurlencode($value) . "\"";
$r .= implode(', ', $values);
return $r;
}
function returnTweet(){
$oauth_access_token = "2602299919-lP6mgkqAMVwvHM1L0Cplw8idxJzvuZoQRzyMkOx";
$oauth_access_token_secret = "wGWny2kz67hGdnLe3Uuy63YZs4nIGs8wQtCU7KnOT5brS";
$consumer_key = "zAzJRrPOj5BvOsK5QhscKogVQ";
$consumer_secret = "Uag0ujVJomqPbfdoR2UAWbRYhjzgoU9jeo7qfZHCxR6a6ozcu1";
$twitter_timeline = "user_timeline"; // mentions_timeline / user_timeline / home_timeline / retweets_of_me
// create request
$request = array(
'screen_name' => 'burownrice',
'count' => '3'
);
$oauth = array(
'oauth_consumer_key' => $consumer_key,
'oauth_nonce' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_token' => $oauth_access_token,
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);
// merge request and oauth to one array
$oauth = array_merge($oauth, $request);
// do some magic
$base_info = buildBaseString("https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json", 'GET', $oauth);
$composite_key = rawurlencode($consumer_secret) . '&' . rawurlencode($oauth_access_token_secret);
$oauth_signature = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_info, $composite_key, true));
$oauth['oauth_signature'] = $oauth_signature;
// make request
$header = array(buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth), 'Expect:');
$options = array( CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json?". http_build_query($request),
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
$feed = curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json = curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);
return $json;
}
$tweet = returnTweet();
echo $tweet;
?>
Solution 14 - Php
If it is useful for anyone... In my blog I've implement the following PHP code in order to retrieve the last tweets, extract their most relevant data and then saved them into a MySQL database. It works because I got it in my blog.
The "tweets" table where store them:
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `tweets` (
`tweet_id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment,
`id_tweet` bigint(20) NOT NULL,
`text_tweet` char(144) NOT NULL,
`datetime_tweet` datetime NOT NULL,
`dayofweek_tweet` char(3) NOT NULL,
`GMT_tweet` char(5) NOT NULL,
`shorturl_tweet` char(23) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`tweet_id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 AUTO_INCREMENT=83 ;
get_tweets.php:
<?php
function buildBaseString($baseURI, $method, $params) {
$r= array();
ksort($params);
foreach($params as $key=>$value){
$r[]= "$key=".rawurlencode($value);
}
return $method."&".rawurlencode($baseURI).'&'.rawurlencode(implode('&', $r));
}
function buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth) {
$r= 'Authorization: OAuth ';
$values= array();
foreach($oauth as $key=>$value) {
$values[]= "$key=\"".rawurlencode($value)."\"";
}
$r.= implode(', ', $values);
return $r;
}
function returnTweets($last_id) {
$oauth_access_token = "2687912757-vbyfJA483SEyj2HJ2K346aVMxtOIgVbsY4Edrsw";
$oauth_access_token_secret = "nIruzmR0bXqC3has4fTf8KAq4pgOceiuKqjklhroENU4W";
$api_key = "ieDSTFH8QHHPafg7H0whQB9GaY";
$api_secret = "mgm8wVS9YP93IJmTQtsmR8ZJADDNdlTca5kCizMkC7O7gFDS1j";
$twitter_timeline = "user_timeline"; //[mentions_timeline/user_timeline/home_timeline/retweets_of_me]
//create request
$request= array(
'screen_name' => 'runs_ES',
'count' => '3',
'exclude_replies' => 'true'
);
if (!is_null($last_id)) { //Add to the request if it exits a last_id
$request['since_id']= $max_id;
}
$oauth = array(
'oauth_consumer_key' => $api_key,
'oauth_nonce' => time(),
'oauth_signature_method' => 'HMAC-SHA1',
'oauth_token' => $oauth_access_token,
'oauth_timestamp' => time(),
'oauth_version' => '1.0'
);
//merge request and oauth to one array
$oauth= array_merge($oauth, $request);
//do some magic
$base_info= buildBaseString("https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json", 'GET', $oauth);
$composite_key= rawurlencode($api_secret).'&'.rawurlencode($oauth_access_token_secret);
$oauth_signature= base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha1', $base_info, $composite_key, true));
$oauth['oauth_signature']= $oauth_signature;
//make request
$header= array(buildAuthorizationHeader($oauth), 'Expect:');
$options= array(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER => $header,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_URL => "https://api.twitter.com/1.1/statuses/$twitter_timeline.json?". http_build_query($request),
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false);
$feed= curl_init();
curl_setopt_array($feed, $options);
$json= curl_exec($feed);
curl_close($feed);
return $json;
}
function parse_tweettext($tweet_text) {
$text= substr($tweet_text, 0, -23);
$short_url= substr($tweet_text, -23, 23);
return array ('text'=>$text, 'short_url'=> $short_url);
}
function parse_tweetdatetime($tweetdatetime) {
//Thu Aug 21 21:57:26 +0000 2014 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
$months= array('Jan'=>'01', 'Feb'=>'02', 'Mar'=>'03', 'Apr'=>'04', 'May'=>'05', 'Jun'=>'06',
'Jul'=>'07', 'Aug'=>'08', 'Sep'=>'09', 'Oct'=>'10', 'Nov'=>'11', 'Dec'=>'12');
$GMT= substr($tweetdatetime, -10, 5);
$year= substr($tweetdatetime, -4, 4);
$month_str= substr($tweetdatetime, 4, 3);
$month= $months[$month_str];
$day= substr($tweetdatetime, 8, 2);
$dayofweek= substr($tweetdatetime, 0, 3);
$time= substr($tweetdatetime, 11, 8);
$date= $year.'-'.$month.'-'.$day;
$datetime= $date.' '.$time;
return array('datetime'=>$datetime, 'dayofweek'=>$dayofweek, 'GMT'=>$GMT);
//datetime: "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS", dayofweek: Mon, Tue..., GMT: +####
}
//First check in the database the last id tweet:
$query= "SELECT MAX(tweets.id_tweet) AS id_last FROM tweets;";
$result= exec_query($query);
$row= mysql_fetch_object($result);
if ($result!= 0 && mysql_num_rows($result)) { //if error in query or not results
$last_id= $row->id_last;
}
else {
$last_id= null;
}
$json= returnTweets($last_id);
$tweets= json_decode($json, TRUE);
foreach ($tweets as $tweet) {
$tweet_id= $tweet['id'];
if (!empty($tweet_id)) { //if array is not empty
$tweet_parsetext= parse_tweettext($tweet['text']);
$tweet_text= utf8_encode($tweet_parsetext['text']);
$tweet_shorturl= $tweet_parsetext['short_url'];
$tweet_parsedt= parse_tweetdatetime($tweet['created_at']);
$tweet_datetime= $tweet_parsedt['datetime'];
$tweet_dayofweek= $tweet_parsedt['dayofweek'];
$tweet_GMT= $tweet_parsedt['GMT'];
//Insert the tweet into the database:
$fields = array(
'id_tweet' => $tweet_id,
'text_tweet' => $tweet_text,
'datetime_tweet' => $tweet_datetime,
'dayofweek_tweet' => $tweet_dayofweek,
'GMT_tweet' => $tweet_GMT,
'shorturl_tweet' => $tweet_shorturl
);
$new_id= mysql_insert('tweets', $fields);
}
} //end of foreach
?>
The function to save the tweets:
function mysql_insert($table, $inserts) {
$keys = array_keys($inserts);
exec_query("START TRANSACTION;");
$query= 'INSERT INTO `'.$table.'` (`'.implode('`,`', $keys).'`) VALUES (\''.implode('\',\'', $inserts).'\')';
exec_query($query);
$id= mysql_insert_id();
if (mysql_error()) {
exec_query("ROLLBACK;");
die("Error: $query");
}
else {
exec_query("COMMIT;");
}
return $id;
}