You’ll need the latest version of VirtualBox (4.3.10) with [Guest Additions installed][1] in Ubuntu.

 - With the Virtual Machine powered off and selected in VirtualBox, go to:
Machine &gt; Settings ... &gt; Shared Folders
 - For “Folder Path”, click the icon to browse for the folder you want to share.
 - For “Folder Name”, enter a name to describe the share.
 - Click “OK” and start the virtual machine again.
 - Create a mount point which is basically an empty folder.
 - Fire up the terminal and type:
`sudo mount -t vboxsf folder_name path_to_mount_point`
folder_name is the name you typed in earlier to describe the share
 - You should be able to browse the shared folder now.

In case of difficulties mounting the same, such as the following error:

    mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on mydata,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       (for several filesystems (e.g. nfs, cifs) you might
       need a /sbin/mount.&lt;type&gt; helper program)
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

perform the following steps:

    sudo rm /sbin/mount.vboxsf
    sudo ln -s /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-4.3.10/lib/VBoxGuestAdditions/mount.vboxsf /sbin/mount.vboxsf
      


  [1]: https://askubuntu.com/questions/22743/how-do-i-install-guest-additions-in-a-virtualbox-vm

I&#39;m a new user to gulp.js.  I&#39;d like to move all of my non-javascript files to a build directory.  What I&#39;ve got right now is this:

    //Test copy
    gulp.task(&#39;test-copy&#39;, function() {
    	gulp.src([&#39;myProject/src/**/*.!(js|map|src)&#39;])
    		.pipe(gulp.dest(&#39;myProject/build&#39;));
    });


    //Results for various files
    myProject/css/style.css //Copied - GOOD
    myProject/html/index.html //Copied - GOOD
    myProject/js/foo.js //Not Copied - GOOD
    myProject/js/bar.min.js //Copied - BAD!
    myProject/js/jquery-2.0.3.min.js //Copied - BAD!
    myProject/js/jquery-2.0.3.min.map //Copied - BAD!

As you can see, it only matches after the first dot in the file path string, not the last one, as I&#39;d like.  How can I modify the glob search string to behave as I&#39;d like?

Glob matching, exclude all JS files

**Introduce the problem**

I would like to know whether we are using Web API 1 or 2. My own packages.config indicates version 5.0.0. Is that Web API 1 or 2?

**Search, and research**

I have tried Googling the following: 

&gt;&quot;web api 1&quot; &quot;web api 2&quot;

and

&gt;ASP.NET Web API release history

and 

&gt;ASP.NET Web API nuget

The best references seem to be these two nuget pages:

- [ASP.NET Web API Nuget] seems to indicate that anything 4.* is Web API 1, 
- [Microsoft ASP.NET Web API 2.1 Nuget] that anything 5.* is Web API 2. 

Is that right? How would I know for sure?

[ASP.NET Web API Nuget]:
https://www.nuget.org/packages/AspNetWebApi

[Microsoft ASP.NET Web API 2.1 Nuget]:
http://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi/5.1.2

How do we determine whether we are using Web API 1 or Web API 2?

How do I go about sharing a folder between the host (Mac) and the guest OS (Ubuntu) in Virtual Box?

Share folders from the host Mac OS to a guest Linux system in VirtualBox

<p>How do I go about sharing a folder between the host (Mac) and the guest OS (Ubuntu) in Virtual Box?</p>


I installed `rbenv` via Homebrew on an OS X 10.9.3 MacBook Pro:

    brew update
    brew upgrade rbenv ruby-build

According to `rbenv install --list` on my laptop `Ruby 2.1.0-dev` is the latest.

rbenv install --list does not list version 2.1.2

Lots of other threads about similar issues, but none that I could find where quite the same case as mine. So, here goes:

**Things I did:**

 - Ran: `sudo easy_install pip`
 - Ran: `sudo pip install virtualenv`
 - Ran: `sudo pip install virtualenvwrapper`

**Current State:**

 - .bash_profile

        export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
        export PIP_DOWNLOAD_CACHE=$HOME/.pip/cache
        export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
        export PIP_VIRTUALENV_BASE=$WORKON_HOME
        export VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python

 - Running `mkvirtualenv test` results in:

        New python executable in trunk/bin/python
        Installing setuptools, pip...done.
        /usr/bin/python: No module named virtualenvwrapper

 - Manually inspecting &#39;/usr/local/bin&#39; shows that virtualenvwrapper.sh exists
 - Unlike some other questions I saw about this, I get no message about virtualenvwrapper when I start a new terminal window
 - Running &#39;which python&#39; results in: `/usr/bin/python`


**What I&#39;ve tried:**

 - Inspecting my path to make sure it looks like it is supposed to
 - Reinstalling pip, then using the reinstalled pip to reinstall virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper



Any help getting this working would be very much appreciated.

Installed virtualenv and virtualenvwrapper: Python says no module named virtualenvwrapper

Will Swift-based applications work on [OS X 10.9][1] (Mavericks)/iOS&amp;nbsp;7 and lower?

For example, I have a machine running [OS X 10.8][2] (Mountain Lion), and I am wondering if an application I write in Swift will run on it.

  [1]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Mavericks
  [2]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Mountain_Lion
Or what should I have to create a Swift application using Mac OS?

Do Swift-based applications work on OS X 10.9/iOS 7 and lower?

The documentation only mentions nested types, but it&#39;s not clear if they can be used as namespaces. I haven&#39;t found any explicit mentioning of namespaces.

How to use Namespaces in Swift?

I am attempting to get the keyboard input for a command line app for the new Apple programming language Swift.

I&#39;ve scanned the docs to no avail.



    import Foundation

    println(&quot;What is your name?&quot;)
    ???

Any ideas?

Input from the keyboard in command line application

We need to transfer `15TB` of data from one server to another as fast as we can. We&#39;re currently using `rsync` but we&#39;re only getting speeds of around `150Mb/s`, when our network is capable of `900+Mb/s` (tested with `iperf`). I&#39;ve done tests of the disks, network, etc and figured it&#39;s just that rsync is only transferring one file at a time which is causing the slowdown.

I found a script to run a different rsync for each folder in a directory tree (allowing you to limit to x number), but I can&#39;t get it working, it still just runs one rsync at a time.

I found the `script` [here][1] (copied below).

Our directory tree is like this:

    /main
       - /files
          - /1
             - 343
                - 123.wav
                - 76.wav
             - 772
                - 122.wav
             - 55
                - 555.wav
                - 324.wav
                - 1209.wav
             - 43
                - 999.wav
                - 111.wav
                - 222.wav
          - /2
             - 346
                - 9993.wav
             - 4242
                - 827.wav
          - /3
             - 2545
                - 76.wav
                - 199.wav
                - 183.wav
             - 23
                - 33.wav
                - 876.wav
             - 4256
                - 998.wav
                - 1665.wav
                - 332.wav
                - 112.wav
                - 5584.wav

So what I&#39;d like to happen is to create an rsync for each of the directories in /main/files, up to a maximum of, say, 5 at a time. So in this case, 3 rsyncs would run, for `/main/files/1`, `/main/files/2` and `/main/files/3`.

I tried with it like this, but it just runs 1 rsync at a time for the `/main/files/2` folder:

    #!/bin/bash
    
    # Define source, target, maxdepth and cd to source
    source=&quot;/main/files&quot;
    target=&quot;/main/filesTest&quot;
    depth=1
    cd &quot;${source}&quot;
    
    # Set the maximum number of concurrent rsync threads
    maxthreads=5
    # How long to wait before checking the number of rsync threads again
    sleeptime=5
    
    # Find all folders in the source directory within the maxdepth level
    find . -maxdepth ${depth} -type d | while read dir
    do
    	# Make sure to ignore the parent folder
    	if [ `echo &quot;${dir}&quot; | awk -F&#39;/&#39; &#39;{print NF}&#39;` -gt ${depth} ]
    	then
    		# Strip leading dot slash
    		subfolder=$(echo &quot;${dir}&quot; | sed &#39;s@^\./@@g&#39;)
    		if [ ! -d &quot;${target}/${subfolder}&quot; ]
    		then
    			# Create destination folder and set ownership and permissions to match source
    			mkdir -p &quot;${target}/${subfolder}&quot;
    			chown --reference=&quot;${source}/${subfolder}&quot; &quot;${target}/${subfolder}&quot;
    			chmod --reference=&quot;${source}/${subfolder}&quot; &quot;${target}/${subfolder}&quot;
    		fi
    		# Make sure the number of rsync threads running is below the threshold
    		while [ `ps -ef | grep -c [r]sync` -gt ${maxthreads} ]
    		do
    			echo &quot;Sleeping ${sleeptime} seconds&quot;
    			sleep ${sleeptime}
    		done
    		# Run rsync in background for the current subfolder and move one to the next one
    		nohup rsync -a &quot;${source}/${subfolder}/&quot; &quot;${target}/${subfolder}/&quot; &lt;/dev/null &gt;/dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;
    	fi
    done
    
    # Find all files above the maxdepth level and rsync them as well
    find . -maxdepth ${depth} -type f -print0 | rsync -a --files-from=- --from0 ./ &quot;${target}/&quot;


  [1]: http://www.krazyworks.com/making-rsync-faster/

Speed up rsync with Simultaneous/Concurrent File Transfers?

I am trying to run the JUnit on my Linux command prompt `/opt/junit/` contains the necessary JARS(hamcrest-core-1.3.jar and junit.jar) and class files and I am using the following command to run the JUnit: 

    java -cp hamcrest-core-1.3.jar:junit.jar:. org.junit.runner.JUnitCore  TestRunner

TestJunit class:

    import org.junit.Test;
    import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
    public class TestJunit {
       @Test
       public void testAdd() {
          String str= &quot;Junit is working fine&quot;;
          assertEquals(&quot;Junit is working fine&quot;,str);
       }
    }

TestRunner:

    import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
    import org.junit.runner.Result;
    import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;
    
    public class TestRunner {
       public static void main(String[] args) {
          Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(TestJunit.class);
          for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
             System.out.println(&quot;fail ho gaya&quot;+failure.toString());
          }
          System.out.println(&quot;passed:&quot;+result.wasSuccessful());
       }
    }  

I am getting the following exception on running this

    JUnit version 4.11
    .E
    Time: 0.003
    There was 1 failure:
    1) initializationError(TestRunner)
    java.lang.Exception: No runnable methods
    	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.validateInstanceMethods(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:169)
    	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.collectInitializationErrors(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:104)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.validate(ParentRunner.java:355)
    	at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.&lt;init&gt;(ParentRunner.java:76)
    	at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.&lt;init&gt;(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
    	at org.junit.internal.builders.JUnit4Builder.runnerForClass(JUnit4Builder.java:10)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    	at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26)
    	at org.junit.runner.Computer.getRunner(Computer.java:40)
    	at org.junit.runner.Computer$1.runnerForClass(Computer.java:31)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:101)
    	at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:87)
    	at org.junit.runners.Suite.&lt;init&gt;(Suite.java:80)
    	at org.junit.runner.Computer.getSuite(Computer.java:28)
    	at org.junit.runner.Request.classes(Request.java:75)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:117)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.runMain(JUnitCore.java:96)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.runMainAndExit(JUnitCore.java:47)
    	at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.main(JUnitCore.java:40)
    
    FAILURES!!!
    Tests run: 1,  Failures: 1



java.lang.Exception: No runnable methods exception in running JUnits

I&#39;m using Ubuntu Linux 12.04 LTS on my local machine. I&#39;ve installed LAMP long ago on my machine. Now I want to enable following PHP extensions:

 1. php_zip
 2. php_xml
 3. php_gd2

For it first I want to check whether these PHP extensions are enabled or not. I searched a lot about how to check the installed/enabled PHP extensions but every time I found how to install these extensions on Ubuntu Linux. So can someone please let me know how should I check the enabled/disabled PHP extensions in Ubuntu Linux 12.04 LTS? Thanks in advance.

How to check which PHP extensions have been enabled/disabled in Ubuntu Linux 12.04 LTS?

I deleted a folder containing a running Vagrant box before realising it was still running.

How can I delete it from Vagrant (global-status) now? 

I already removed the Virtualbox VM.

How do I remove a Vagrant box from global-status, after deleting that box from the filesystem?

I&#39;m using Windows and Virtualbox with RedHat, putting it simple: I&#39;ve created a shared folder so I can use Eclipse on my Windows OS and do some testing in Linux.

However, I can&#39;t access the shared folder with my user, I&#39;ve logged in with root and used `chmod 777` and even moved my user to the folder&#39;s group.

Whatever I do the result is the same: 

`/media/sf_sharedFolder/: Permission denied`

What can I do? How can I access the shared folder with my user?

Virtualbox shared folder permissions

Since homestead 2.0 homestead laravel has not been working 

I don&#39;t know why &#39;homestead init&#39; creates a Homestead.yaml file in mydirectory/.homestead 
and not in the project directory. Homestead up OR Vagrant up create the following message 

A VirtualBox machine with the name &#39;homestead&#39; already exists.

    Bringing machine &#39;default&#39; up with &#39;virtualbox&#39; provider...
    ==&gt; default: Importing base box &#39;laravel/homestead&#39;...
    ==&gt; default: Matching MAC address for NAT networking...
    ==&gt; default: Checking if box &#39;laravel/homestead&#39; is up to date...
    A VirtualBox machine with the name &#39;homestead&#39; already exists.
    Please use another name or delete the machine with the existing
    name, and try again.

A VirtualBox machine with the name &#39;homestead&#39; already exists

I need to set up shared folder.

I&#39;ve got Mac OSX Yosemite host and clean Win7 x64 on the VirtualBox.

In MacOSX, i go to the VirtualBox -&gt; win7 settings -&gt;  &quot;Shared Folders&quot; -&gt; Add shared folder -&gt;
creating folder /Users/my_name/Documents/win7 -&gt; Make it permanent -&gt; Click ok.

What i should do in Windows then? 

Thank you.

Shared folder between MacOSX and Windows on Virtual Box


I&#39;m using VirtualBox with OS X as host and CentOS on the guest VM.

In OS X I created folder `myfolder`, added it as shared folder to the VM, turned on the VM, in CentOS created folder `/home/user/myfolder` and typing:

    sudo mount -t vboxsf myfolder /home/user/myfolder
and have output:

    /sbin/mount.vboxsf: mounting failed with the error: No such device
What I&#39;m doing wrong?

**UPDATED:**

`Guest Additions` installed.

VirtualBox: mount.vboxsf: mounting failed with the error: No such device

*Since 2014 when this question has been asked, many situations had happened and many things has changed. I&#39;m revisiting the topic again today, and I&#39;m editing this question for the 12th time to reflect the latest changes*. The question may seem long but it is arranged in the reverse chronological order, so the latest changes are at the top and feel free stop reading at any point.

The question I wanted to solve was -- how to mount host volumes into docker containers in Dockerfile during build, i.e., having the `docker run -v /export:/export` capability during `docker build`.

One reason behind it, for me, is when building things in Docker, I don&#39;t want those (`apt-get install`) caches locked in a single docker, but to share/reuse them.  

That was the main reason I was asking this question. And one more reason I&#39;m facing today is trying to make use of a huge private repo from host which I have to otherwise do `git clone` from a private repo within docker using my private ssh key, which I don&#39;t know how and haven&#39;t looked into yet.

**Latest Update:** 

The Buildkit in @BMitch&#39;s answer 

&gt; With that `RUN --mount` syntax, you can also bind mount read-only directories from the build-context...

it has now been built-in in docker (which I thought being a third-party tool), as long as yours&#39; over 18.09. Mine is 20.10.7 now --
https://docs.docker.com/develop/develop-images/build_enhancements/

&gt; To enable BuildKit builds
&gt; 
&gt; Easiest way from a fresh install of docker is to set the DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 environment variable when invoking the docker build command, such as:
&gt; 
&gt; `$ DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1 docker build .`

Else, you&#39;ll get:

`the --mount option requires BuildKit. Refer to https://docs.docker.com/go/buildkit/ to learn how to build images with BuildKit enabled`

So it&#39;ll be the perfect solution to my second use-case as explained above.

**Update as of May 7, 2019:** 

Before docker v18.09, the correct answer should be the one that starts with:

&gt; There is a way to mount a volume during a build, but it doesn&#39;t involve Dockerfiles.

However, that was a poorly stated, organized and supported answer. When I was reinstalling my docker contains, I happened to stumble upon the following article:

**Dockerize an apt-cacher-ng service**  
[https://docs.docker.com/engine/examples/apt-cacher-ng/](https://web.archive.org/web/20140613164606/http://docker.readthedocs.org/en/v0.7.3/use/working_with_volumes/)

That&#39;s the docker&#39;s solution to this/my question, not directly but indirectly. It&#39;s the orthodox way docker suggests us to do. And I admit it is better than the one I was trying to ask here. 

Another way is, the ***newly accepted answer***, e.g., the Buildkit in v18.09.  

Pick whichever suits you. 

------

**Was:** There had been a solution -- rocker, which was not from Docker, but now that rocker is discontinued, I revert the answer back to *&quot;Not possible&quot;* again.

------

**Old Update:** So the answer is &quot;Not possible&quot;. I can accept it as an answer as I know the issue has been extensively discussed at https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/3156. I can understand that portability is a paramount issue for docker developer; but as a docker user, I have to say I&#39;m very disappointed about this missing feature. Let me close my argument with a quote from aforementioned discussion: &quot;*I would like to use Gentoo as a base image but definitely don&#39;t want &gt; 1GB of Portage tree data to be in any of the layers once the image has been built. You could have some nice a compact containers if it wasn&#39;t for the gigantic portage tree having to appear in the image during the install.*&quot; Yes, I can use wget or curl to download whatever I need, but the fact that merely a portability consideration is now forcing me to download &gt; 1GB of Portage tree each time I build a Gentoo base image is neither efficient nor user friendly. Further more, the package repository WILL ALWAYS be under /usr/portage, thus ALWAYS PORTABLE under Gentoo. Again, I respect the decision, but please allow me expressing my disappointment as well in the mean time. Thanks.

------

**Original question** in details:

From 

**Share Directories via Volumes**  
http://docker.readthedocs.org/en/v0.7.3/use/working_with_volumes/

it says that Data volumes feature &quot;have been available since version 1 of the Docker Remote API&quot;. My docker is of version 1.2.0, but I found the example given in above article not working:

    # BUILD-USING: &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;docker build -t data .
    # RUN-USING: &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;docker run -name DATA data
    FROM &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;busybox
    VOLUME &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[&quot;/var/volume1&quot;, &quot;/var/volume2&quot;]
    CMD &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;[&quot;/usr/bin/true&quot;]

What&#39;s the proper way in Dockerfile to mount host-mounted volumes into docker containers,  via the VOLUME command?

    $ apt-cache policy lxc-docker
    lxc-docker:
      Installed: 1.2.0
      Candidate: 1.2.0
      Version table:
     *** 1.2.0 0
            500 https://get.docker.io/ubuntu/ docker/main amd64 Packages
            100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

    $ cat Dockerfile 
    FROM          debian:sid
    
    VOLUME        [&quot;/export&quot;]
    RUN ls -l /export
    CMD ls -l /export
    
    $ docker build -t data .
    Sending build context to Docker daemon  2.56 kB
    Sending build context to Docker daemon 
    Step 0 : FROM          debian:sid
     ---&gt; 77e97a48ce6a
    Step 1 : VOLUME        [&quot;/export&quot;]
     ---&gt; Using cache
     ---&gt; 59b69b65a074
    Step 2 : RUN ls -l /export
     ---&gt; Running in df43c78d74be
    total 0
     ---&gt; 9d29a6eb263f
    Removing intermediate container df43c78d74be
    Step 3 : CMD ls -l /export
     ---&gt; Running in 8e4916d3e390
     ---&gt; d6e7e1c52551
    Removing intermediate container 8e4916d3e390
    Successfully built d6e7e1c52551
    
    $ docker run data
    total 0
    
    $ ls -l /export | wc 
         20     162    1131

    $ docker -v
    Docker version 1.2.0, build fa7b24f



How to mount host volumes into docker containers in Dockerfile during build

For UI that should differ slightly on **iOS** and **Android**, i.e. on ***different platforms***, there must be a way to detect which one the app is running on, but I couldn&#39;t find it in the docs. What is it?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Abhishek Jain	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Macos	Abhishek Jain	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Share folders from the host Mac OS to a guest Linux system in VirtualBox

Macos Problem Overview

Macos Solutions

Solution 1 - Macos

How do we determine whether we are using Web API 1 or Web API 2?

Glob matching, exclude all JS files

Attributions