Share cookie between subdomain and domain

I have two questions. I understand that if I specify the domain as .mydomain.com (with the leading dot) in the cookie that all subdomains can share a cookie.

Can subdomain.mydomain.com access a cookie created in mydomain.com (without the www subdomain)?

Can mydomain.com (without the www subdomain) access the cookie if created in subdomain.mydomain.com?

If you set a cookie like this:

Set-Cookie: name=value

then the cookie will only apply to the request domain, and will only be sent for requests to the exact same domain, not any other subdomains. (See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/12387338/what-is-a-host-only-cookie)

Two different domains (e.g. mydomain.com and subdomain.mydomain.com, or sub1.mydomain.com and sub2.mydomain.com) can only share cookies if the domain attribute is present in the header:

Set-Cookie: name=value; domain=mydomain.com

The domain attribute must "domain-match" the request URL for it to be valid, which basically means it must be the request domain or a super-domain. So this applies for both examples in the question, as well as sharing between two separate subdomains.

This cookie would then be sent for any subdomain of mydomain.com, including nested subdomains like subsub.subdomain.mydomain.com. (Bear in mind there are other attributes that could restrict the scope of the cookie and when it gets sent by the browser, like path or Secure).

Because of the way the domain-matching works, if you want sub1.mydomain.com and sub2.mydomain.com to share cookies, then you'll also share them with sub3.mydomain.com.

See also:

• www vs no-www and cookies
• cookies test script to try it out

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A note on leading dots in domain attributes: In the early RFC 2109, only domains with a leading dot (domain=.mydomain.com) could be used across subdomains. But this could not be shared with the top-level domain, so what you ask was not possible in the older spec.

However, the newer specification RFC 6265 ignores any leading dot, meaning you can use the cookie on subdomains as well as the top-level domain.

Please everyone note that you can set a cookie from a subdomain on a domain.

(sent in the response for requesting subdomain.mydomain.com)

Set-Cookie: name=value; Domain=mydomain.com // GOOD

But you CAN'T set a cookie from a domain on a subdomain.

(sent in the response for requesting mydomain.com)

Set-Cookie: name=value; Domain=subdomain.mydomain.com // Browser rejects cookie

WHY?

According to the specifications RFC 6265 section 5.3.6 Storage Model

> If the canonicalized request-host does not domain-match the domain-attribute: Ignore the cookie entirely and abort these steps.

and RFC 6265 section 5.1.3 Domain Matching

> Domain Matching > > A string domain-matches a given domain string if at least one of the following conditions hold: > > 1. The domain string and the string are identical. (Note that both > the domain string and the string will have been canonicalized to > lower case at this point.) > > 2. All of the following conditions hold: > > * The domain string is a suffix of the string. > > * The last character of the string that is not included in the > domain string is a %x2E (".") character. > > * The string is a host name (i.e., not an IP address).

So "subdomain.mydomain.com" domain-matches "mydomain.com", but "mydomain.com" does NOT domain-match "subdomain.mydomain.com"

Check this answer also.

I'm not sure @cmbuckley answer is showing the full picture. What I read is:

> Unless the cookie's attributes indicate otherwise, the cookie is returned only to the origin server (and not, for example, to any subdomains), and it expires at the end of the current session (as defined by the user agent). User agents ignore unrecognized cookie. > > RFC 6265

Also

8.6.  Weak Integrity

   Cookies do not provide integrity guarantees for sibling domains (and
   their subdomains).  For example, consider foo.example.com and
   bar.example.com.  The foo.example.com server can set a cookie with a
   Domain attribute of "example.com" (possibly overwriting an existing
   "example.com" cookie set by bar.example.com), and the user agent will
   include that cookie in HTTP requests to bar.example.com.  In the
   worst case, bar.example.com will be unable to distinguish this cookie
   from a cookie it set itself.  The foo.example.com server might be
   able to leverage this ability to mount an attack against
   bar.example.com.

To me that means you can protect cookies from being read by subdomain/domain but cannot prevent writing cookies to the other domains. So somebody may rewrite your site cookies by controlling another subdomain visited by the same browser. Which might not be a big concern.

Awesome cookies test site provided by @cmbuckley /for those that missed it in his answer like me; worth scrolling up and upvoting/:

• http://scripts.cmbuckley.co.uk/cookies.php

Here is an example using the DOM cookie API (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie), so we can see for ourselves the behavior.

If we execute the following JavaScript:

> document.cookie = "key=value"

It appears to be the same as executing:

> document.cookie = "key=value;domain=mydomain.com"

The cookie key becomes available (only) on the domain mydomain.com.

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Now, if you execute the following JavaScript on mydomain.com:

> document.cookie = "key=value;domain=.mydomain.com"

The cookie key becomes available to mydomain.com as well as subdomain.mydomain.com.

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Finally, if you were to try and execute the following on subdomain.mydomain.com:

> document.cookie = "key=value;domain=.mydomain.com"

Does the cookie key become available to subdomain.mydomain.com? I was a bit surprised that this is allowed; I had assumed it would be a security violation for a subdomain to be able to set a cookie on a parent domain.

In both cases yes it can, and this is the default behaviour for both IE and Edge.

The other answers add valuable insight but chiefly describe the behaviour in Chrome. it's important to note that the behaviour is completely different in IE. CMBuckley's very helpful test script demonstrates that in (say) Chrome, the cookies are not shared between root and subdomains when no domain is specified. However the same test in IE shows that they are shared. This IE case is closer to the take-home description in CMBuckley's www-or-not-www link. I know this to be the case because we have a system that used different servicestack cookies on both the root and subdomain. It all worked fine until someone accessed it in IE and the two systems fought over whose session cookie would win until we blew up the cache.

Be careful if you are working on localhost ! If you store your cookie in js like this:

document.cookie = "key=value;domain=localhost"

It might not be accessible to your subdomain, like sub.localhost. In order to solve this issue you need to use Virtual Host. For exemple you can configure your virtual host with ServerName localhost.com then you will be able to store your cookie on your domain and subdomain like this:

document.cookie = "key=value;domain=localhost.com"

Actually, in my case I wanted to share cookie data between test.ir and sd.test.ir domain and subdomain, for easy work with cookie in browser I used js-cookie and for sharing I imitate Facebook solution:

Cookie.set('key', 'value', { domain: '.test.ir' })

// adding a . before domain name

By setting like above code you can access to cookie data in base domain and subdomains.

Simple solution

setcookie("NAME", "VALUE", time()+3600, '/', EXAMPLE.COM);

Setcookie's 5th parameter determines the (sub)domains that the cookie is available to. Setting it to (EXAMPLE.COM) makes it available to any subdomain (eg: SUBDOMAIN.EXAMPLE.COM )

Reference: http://php.net/manual/en/function.setcookie.php