Scheduling recurring task in Android

I'm designing an app that has a recurring task of sending presence to a dedicated server as long as the app is in foreground.

In my searches across the web I saw a few different approaches and wanted to know what is the best way of doing this.

What is the best way to schedule a server call?

The options I saw were:

1. Timer .

2. ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.

3. Service.

4. BroadcastReciever with AlarmManager.

What's your opinion?

EDIT:
The reason I need this is for a chat based app that sends all the user actions to a remote server.
i.e. user is typing a message, user is reading a message, user is online, user is offline etc.

This means that once every interval, I need to send the server what I'm doing, since I open a chat room with other people, they need to know what I'm doing.

Similar to the whatsapp message feedback mechanism:

EDIT #2:
Recurring tasks should now be scheduled almost always via the JobScheduler API (or FirebaseJobDispatcher for lower APIs) in order to prevent battery draining issues as can be read in the vitals section of the Android training

EDIT #3:
FirebaseJobDispatcher has been deprecated and replaced by Workmanager, which also incorporates features of JobScheduler.

I am not sure but as per my knowledge I share my views. I always accept best answer if I am wrong .

Alarm Manager

The Alarm Manager holds a CPU wake lock as long as the alarm receiver's onReceive() method is executing. This guarantees that the phone will not sleep until you have finished handling the broadcast. Once onReceive() returns, the Alarm Manager releases this wake lock. This means that the phone will in some cases sleep as soon as your onReceive() method completes. If your alarm receiver called Context.startService(), it is possible that the phone will sleep before the requested service is launched. To prevent this, your BroadcastReceiver and Service will need to implement a separate wake lock policy to ensure that the phone continues running until the service becomes available.

Note: The Alarm Manager is intended for cases where you want to have your application code run at a specific time, even if your application is not currently running. For normal timing operations (ticks, timeouts, etc) it is easier and much more efficient to use Handler.

Timer

timer = new Timer();

    timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(new TimerTask() {

        synchronized public void run() {

            \\ here your todo;
            }

        }, TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1), TimeUnit.MINUTES.toMillis(1));

Timer has some drawbacks that are solved by ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor. So it's not the best choice

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.

You can use java.util.Timer or ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor (preferred) to schedule an action to occur at regular intervals on a background thread.

Here is a sample using the latter:

ScheduledExecutorService scheduler =
    Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor();

scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate
      (new Runnable() {
         public void run() {
            // call service
         }
      }, 0, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

So I preferred ScheduledExecutorService

But Also think about that if the updates will occur while your application is running, you can use a Timer, as suggested in other answers, or the newer ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor. If your application will update even when it is not running, you should go with the AlarmManager.

> The Alarm Manager is intended for cases where you want to have your application code run at a specific time, even if your application is not currently running.

Take note that if you plan on updating when your application is turned off, once every ten minutes is quite frequent, and thus possibly a bit too power consuming.

Timer

As mentioned on the javadocs you are better off using a ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor.

ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor

Use this class when your use case requires multiple worker threads and the sleep interval is small. How small ? Well, I'd say about 15 minutes. The AlarmManager starts schedule intervals at this time and it seems to suggest that for smaller sleep intervals this class can be used. I do not have data to back the last statement. It is a hunch.

Service

Your service can be closed any time by the VM. Do not use services for recurring tasks. A recurring task can start a service, which is another matter entirely.

BroadcastReciever with AlarmManager

For longer sleep intervals (>15 minutes), this is the way to go. AlarmManager already has constants ( AlarmManager.INTERVAL_DAY ) suggesting that it can trigger tasks several days after it has initially been scheduled. It can also wake up the CPU to run your code.

You should use one of those solutions based on your timing and worker thread needs.

I realize this is an old question and has been answered but this could help someone. In your activity

private ScheduledExecutorService scheduleTaskExecutor;

In onCreate

  scheduleTaskExecutor = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(5);

    //Schedule a task to run every 5 seconds (or however long you want)
    scheduleTaskExecutor.scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // Do stuff here!

            runOnUiThread(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    // Do stuff to update UI here!
                    Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "Its been 5 seconds", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                }
            });

        }
    }, 0, 5, TimeUnit.SECONDS); // or .MINUTES, .HOURS etc.

Quoting the Scheduling Repeating Alarms - Understand the Trade-offs docs:

> A common scenario for triggering an operation outside the lifetime of your app is syncing data with a server. This is a case where you might be tempted to use a repeating alarm. But if you own the server that is hosting your app's data, using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) in conjunction with sync adapter is a better solution than AlarmManager. A sync adapter gives you all the same scheduling options as AlarmManager, but it offers you significantly more flexibility.

So, based on this, the best way to schedule a server call is using Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) in conjunction with sync adapter.

I have created on time task in which the task which user wants to repeat, add in the Custom TimeTask run() method. it is successfully reoccurring.

 import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
 import java.util.Calendar;
 import java.util.Timer;
 import java.util.TimerTask;

 import android.os.Bundle;
 import android.view.View;
 import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
 import android.widget.Button;
 import android.widget.CheckBox;
 import android.widget.TextView;
 import android.app.Activity;
 import android.content.Intent;

 public class MainActivity extends Activity {

     CheckBox optSingleShot;
     Button btnStart, btnCancel;
     TextView textCounter;

     Timer timer;
     MyTimerTask myTimerTask;

     int tobeShown = 0  ;

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
	super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
	setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	
	optSingleShot = (CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.singleshot);
	btnStart = (Button)findViewById(R.id.start);
	btnCancel = (Button)findViewById(R.id.cancel);
	textCounter = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.counter);
	tobeShown = 1;

	if(timer != null){
		timer.cancel();
	}
	
	//re-schedule timer here
	//otherwise, IllegalStateException of
	//"TimerTask is scheduled already" 
	//will be thrown
	timer = new Timer();
	myTimerTask = new MyTimerTask();
	
	if(optSingleShot.isChecked()){
		//singleshot delay 1000 ms
		timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000);
	}else{
		//delay 1000ms, repeat in 5000ms
		timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000, 1000);
	}

	btnStart.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

		@Override
		public void onClick(View arg0) {

			
			Intent i = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ActivityB.class);
			startActivity(i);
			
			/*if(timer != null){
				timer.cancel();
			}
			
			//re-schedule timer here
			//otherwise, IllegalStateException of
			//"TimerTask is scheduled already" 
			//will be thrown
			timer = new Timer();
			myTimerTask = new MyTimerTask();
			
			if(optSingleShot.isChecked()){
				//singleshot delay 1000 ms
				timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000);
			}else{
				//delay 1000ms, repeat in 5000ms
				timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000, 1000);
			}*/
		}});
	
	btnCancel.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener(){

		@Override
		public void onClick(View v) {
			if (timer!=null){
				timer.cancel();
				timer = null;
			}
		}
	});
	
}

@Override
protected void onResume() {
	super.onResume();
	
	if(timer != null){
		timer.cancel();
	}
	
	//re-schedule timer here
	//otherwise, IllegalStateException of
	//"TimerTask is scheduled already" 
	//will be thrown
	timer = new Timer();
	myTimerTask = new MyTimerTask();
	
	if(optSingleShot.isChecked()){
		//singleshot delay 1000 ms
		timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000);
	}else{
		//delay 1000ms, repeat in 5000ms
		timer.schedule(myTimerTask, 1000, 1000);
	}
}


@Override
protected void onPause() {
	super.onPause();

	if (timer!=null){
		timer.cancel();
		timer = null;
	}

}

@Override
protected void onStop() {
	super.onStop();

	if (timer!=null){
		timer.cancel();
		timer = null;
	}

}

class MyTimerTask extends TimerTask {

	@Override
	public void run() {
		
		Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
		SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = 
				new SimpleDateFormat("dd:MMMM:yyyy HH:mm:ss a");
		final String strDate = simpleDateFormat.format(calendar.getTime());
		
		runOnUiThread(new Runnable(){

			@Override
			public void run() {
				textCounter.setText(strDate);
			}});
	}
}

}