Ruby - mapping an array to hashmap

I have an array, and a function that returns a value given a value. Ultimately I want to create a hashmap that has the values of the array as key value, and the result of f(key_value) as the value. Is there a clean, simple way, like similar to each/map of Array, of doing this using block?

So something that is equivalent to

hsh = {}
[1,2,3,4].each do |x|
  hsh[x] = f(x)
end

but looks more similar to this, in that it's simple and one line?

results = array.map { | x | f(x) }

Note that since Ruby 2.1.0 you can also use Array#to_h, like this:

[1,2,3,4].map{ |x| [x, f(x)] }.to_h

Ruby 2.6.0 enables passing a block to the to_h-method. This enables an even shorter syntax for creating a hash from an array:

[1, 2, 3, 4].to_h { |x| [x, f(x)] }

You could also define the function as the hash's default value:

hash = Hash.new {|hash, key| hash[key] = f(key) }

Then when you lookup a value, the hash will calculate and store it on the fly.

hash[10]
hash.inspect #=> { 10 => whatever_the_result_is }

You need each_with_object.

def f x
  x * 2
end

t = [1, 2, 3, 4].each_with_object({}) do |x, memo|
  memo[x] = f(x)
end

t # => {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6, 4=>8}

Another one:

t2 = [1, 2, 3, 4].map{|x| [x, f(x)]}
Hash[t2] # => {1=>2, 2=>4, 3=>6, 4=>8}

Check out the Hash::[] method.

Hash[ [1,2,3,4].collect { |x| [x, f(x)] } ]

Using Facets' mash (method to convert enumerable to hashes):

[1, 2, 3, 4].mash { |x| [x, f(x)] }

From Ruby 2.1:

[1, 2, 3, 4].map { |x| [x, f(x)] }.to_h

You're looking for reduce()|inject() method:

elem = [1,2,3,4]
h = elem.reduce({}) do |res, x|
  res[x] = x**2
  res
end

puts h

The argument passed to reduce({}) is the initial value of an intermediate object that is passed to the block as res variable. In each iteration we're adding new pair key: value to the res Hash and returing the Hash to be used in next iteration.

The method above precomputes a very practical hash of squared values:

{1=>1, 2=>4, 3=>9, 4=>16}