Repeat a string in JavaScript a number of times

In Perl I can repeat a character multiple times using the syntax:

$a = "a" x 10; // results in "aaaaaaaaaa"

Is there a simple way to accomplish this in Javascript? I can obviously use a function, but I was wondering if there was any built in approach, or some other clever technique.

These days, the repeat string method is implemented almost everywhere. (It is not in Internet Explorer.) So unless you need to support older browsers, you can simply write:

"a".repeat(10)

Before repeat, we used this hack:

Array(11).join("a") // create string with 10 a's: "aaaaaaaaaa"

(Note that an array of length 11 gets you only 10 "a"s, since Array.join puts the argument between the array elements.)

Simon also points out that according to this benchmark, it appears that it's faster in Safari and Chrome (but not Firefox) to repeat a character multiple times by simply appending using a for loop (although a bit less concise).

In a new ES6 harmony, you will have native way for doing this with repeat. Also ES6 right now only experimental, this feature is already available in Edge, FF, Chrome and Safari

"abc".repeat(3) // "abcabcabc"

And surely if repeat function is not available you can use old-good Array(n + 1).join("abc")

Convenient if you repeat yourself a lot:

String.prototype.repeat = String.prototype.repeat || function(n){
  n= n || 1;
  return Array(n+1).join(this);
}

alert(  'Are we there yet?\nNo.\n'.repeat(10)  )

Array(10).fill('a').join('')

Although the most voted answer is a bit more compact, with this approach you don't have to add an extra array item.

An alternative is:

for(var word = ''; word.length < 10; word += 'a'){}

If you need to repeat multiple chars, multiply your conditional:

for(var word = ''; word.length < 10 * 3; word += 'foo'){}

NOTE: You do not have to overshoot by 1 as with word = Array(11).join('a')

The most performance-wice way is https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/repeat

Short version is below.

  String.prototype.repeat = function(count) {
    if (count < 1) return '';
    var result = '', pattern = this.valueOf();
    while (count > 1) {
      if (count & 1) result += pattern;
      count >>>= 1, pattern += pattern;
    }
    return result + pattern;
  };
  var a = "a";
  console.debug(a.repeat(10));

Polyfill from Mozilla:

if (!String.prototype.repeat) {
  String.prototype.repeat = function(count) {
    'use strict';
    if (this == null) {
      throw new TypeError('can\'t convert ' + this + ' to object');
    }
    var str = '' + this;
    count = +count;
    if (count != count) {
      count = 0;
    }
    if (count < 0) {
      throw new RangeError('repeat count must be non-negative');
    }
    if (count == Infinity) {
      throw new RangeError('repeat count must be less than infinity');
    }
    count = Math.floor(count);
    if (str.length == 0 || count == 0) {
      return '';
    }
    // Ensuring count is a 31-bit integer allows us to heavily optimize the
    // main part. But anyway, most current (August 2014) browsers can't handle
    // strings 1 << 28 chars or longer, so:
    if (str.length * count >= 1 << 28) {
      throw new RangeError('repeat count must not overflow maximum string size');
    }
    var rpt = '';
    for (;;) {
      if ((count & 1) == 1) {
        rpt += str;
      }
      count >>>= 1;
      if (count == 0) {
        break;
      }
      str += str;
    }
    // Could we try:
    // return Array(count + 1).join(this);
    return rpt;
  }
}

If you're not opposed to including a library in your project, lodash has a repeat function.

_.repeat('*', 3);
// → '***

https://lodash.com/docs#repeat

For all browsers

The following function will perform a lot faster than the option suggested in the accepted answer:

var repeat = function(str, count) {
    var array = [];
    for(var i = 0; i < count;)
        array[i++] = str;
    return array.join('');
}

You'd use it like this :

var repeatedString = repeat("a", 10);

To compare the performance of this function with that of the option proposed in the accepted answer, see this Fiddle and this Fiddle for benchmarks.

For moderns browsers only

In modern browsers, you can now do this using String.prototype.repeat method:

var repeatedString = "a".repeat(10);

Read more about this method on MDN.

This option is even faster. Unfortunately, it doesn't work in any version of Internet explorer. The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the method:

In ES2015/ES6 you can use "*".repeat(n)

So just add this to your projects, and your are good to go.

  String.prototype.repeat = String.prototype.repeat || 
    function(n) {
      if (n < 0) throw new RangeError("invalid count value");
      if (n == 0) return "";
      return new Array(n + 1).join(this.toString()) 
    };

/**  
 * Repeat a string `n`-times (recursive)
 * @param {String} s - The string you want to repeat.
 * @param {Number} n - The times to repeat the string.
 * @param {String} d - A delimiter between each string.
 */

var repeat = function (s, n, d) {
    return --n ? s + (d || "") + repeat(s, n, d) : "" + s;
};

var foo = "foo";
console.log(
    "%s\n%s\n%s\n%s",

    repeat(foo),        // "foo"
    repeat(foo, 2),     // "foofoo"
    repeat(foo, "2"),   // "foofoo"
    repeat(foo, 2, "-") // "foo-foo"
);

Another interesting way to quickly repeat n character is to use idea from quick exponentiation algorithm:

var repeatString = function(string, n) {
    var result = '', i;

    for (i = 1; i <= n; i *= 2) {
        if ((n & i) === i) {
            result += string;
        }
        string = string + string;
    }

    return result;
};

For repeat a value in my projects i use repeat

For example:

var n = 6;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    console.log("#".repeat(i+1))
}

but be careful because this method has been added to the ECMAScript 6 specification.

function repeatString(n, string) {
  var repeat = [];
  repeat.length = n + 1;
  return repeat.join(string);
}

repeatString(3,'x'); // => xxx
repeatString(10,'🌹'); // => "🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹"

Here is what I use:

function repeat(str, num) {
		var holder = [];
		for(var i=0; i<num; i++) {
			holder.push(str);
		}
		return holder.join('');
	}

Right pads with zeros with no arrays or loops. Just uses repeat() using ES6 2015, which has wide support now. Left pads if you switch the concatenation.

function pad(text, maxLength){ 
  var res = text + "0".repeat(maxLength - text.length);
  return res;
}

console.log(pad('hello', 8)); //hello000

Just for the fun of it, here is another way by using the toFixed(), used to format floating point numbers.

By doing

(0).toFixed(2)
(0).toFixed(3)
(0).toFixed(4)

we get

0.00
0.000
0.0000

If the first two characters 0. are deleted, we can use this repeating pattern to generate any repetition.

function repeat(str, nTimes) {
  return (0).toFixed(nTimes).substr(2).replaceAll('0', str);
}

console.info(repeat('3', 5));
console.info(repeat('hello ', 4));

I'm going to expand on @bonbon's answer. His method is an easy way to "append N chars to an existing string", just in case anyone needs to do that. For example since "a google" is a 1 followed by 100 zeros.

for(var google = '1'; google.length < 1 + 100; google += '0'){} document.getElementById('el').innerText = google;

<div>This is "a google":</div>
<div id="el"></div>

NOTE: You do have to add the length of the original string to the conditional.

Lodash offers a similar functionality as the Javascript repeat() function which is not available in all browers. It is called _.repeat and available since version 3.0.0:

_.repeat('a', 10);

var stringRepeat = function(string, val) {
  var newString = [];
	for(var i = 0; i < val; i++) {
  	  newString.push(string);
  }
  return newString.join('');
}

var repeatedString = stringRepeat("a", 1);

Can be used as a one-liner too:

function repeat(str, len) {
    while (str.length < len) str += str.substr(0, len-str.length);
    return str;
}

In CoffeeScript:

( 'a' for dot in [0..10]).join('')

this is how you can call a function and get the result by the helps of Array() and join()

function repeatStringNumTimes(str, num) {
  // repeat after me
  return num > 0 ? Array(num+1).join(str) : "";
}

console.log(repeatStringNumTimes("a",10))

I realize that it's not a popular task, what if you need to repeat your string not an integer number of times?

It's possible with repeat() and slice(), here's how:

String.prototype.fracRepeat = function(n){
  if(n < 0) n = 0;
  var n_int = ~~n; // amount of whole times to repeat
  var n_frac = n - n_int; // amount of fraction times (e.g., 0.5)
  var frac_length = ~~(n_frac * this.length); // length in characters of fraction part, floored
  
  return this.repeat(n) + this.slice(0, frac_length);
}

And below a shortened version:

String.prototype.fracRepeat = function(n){
   if(n < 0) n = 0;
   return this.repeat(n) + this.slice(0, ~~((n - ~~n) * this.length));
}

var s = "abcd";
console.log(s.fracRepeat(2.5))

String.prototype.repeat = function (n) { n = Math.abs(n) || 1; return Array(n + 1).join(this || ''); };

// console.log("0".repeat(3) , "0".repeat(-3))
// return: "000" "000"

Here is an ES6 version

const repeat = (a,n) => Array(n).join(a+"|$|").split("|$|");
repeat("A",20).forEach((a,b) => console.log(a,b+1))