Remove the last line from a file in Bash
BashCommand LineScriptingTruncateBash Problem Overview
I have a file, foo.txt
, containing the following lines:
a
b
c
I want a simple command that results in the contents of foo.txt
being:
a
b
Bash Solutions
Solution 1 - Bash
Using GNU sed
:
sed -i '$ d' foo.txt
The -i
option does not exist in GNU sed
versions older than 3.95, so you have to use it as a filter with a temporary file:
cp foo.txt foo.txt.tmp
sed '$ d' foo.txt.tmp > foo.txt
rm -f foo.txt.tmp
Of course, in that case you could also use head -n -1
instead of sed
.
MacOS:
On Mac OS X (as of 10.7.4), the equivalent of the sed -i
command above is
sed -i '' -e '$ d' foo.txt
Solution 2 - Bash
This is by far the fastest and simplest solution, especially on big files:
head -n -1 foo.txt > temp.txt ; mv temp.txt foo.txt
if You want to delete the top line use this:
tail -n +2 foo.txt
which means output lines starting at line 2.
Do not use sed
for deleting lines from the top or bottom of a file -- it's very very slow if the file is large.
Solution 3 - Bash
For large files
I had trouble with all the answers here because I was working with a HUGE file (~300Gb) and none of the solutions scaled. Here's my solution:
filename="example.txt"
file_size="$(stat --format=%s "$filename")"
trim_count="$(tail -n1 "$filename" | wc -c)"
end_position="$(echo "$file_size - $trim_count" | bc)"
dd if=/dev/null of="$filename" bs=1 seek="$end_position"
Or alternatively, as a one liner:
dd if=/dev/null of=<filename> bs=1 seek=$(echo $(stat --format=%s <filename> ) - $( tail -n1 <filename> | wc -c) | bc )
In words: Find out the length of the file you want to end up with (length of file minus length of length of its last line, using bc
), and set that position to be the end of the file (by dd
ing one byte of /dev/null
onto it).
This is fast because tail
starts reading from the end, and dd
will overwrite the file in place rather than copy (and parse) every line of the file, which is what the other solutions do.
NOTE: This removes the line from the file in place! Make a backup or test on a dummy file before trying it out on your own file!
Solution 4 - Bash
To remove the last line from a file without reading the whole file or rewriting anything, you can use
tail -n 1 "$file" | wc -c | xargs -I {} truncate "$file" -s -{}
To remove the last line and also print it on stdout ("pop" it), you can combine that command with tee
:
tail -n 1 "$file" | tee >(wc -c | xargs -I {} truncate "$file" -s -{})
These commands can efficiently process a very large file. This is similar to, and inspired by, Yossi's answer, but it avoids using a few extra functions.
If you're going to use these repeatedly and want error handling and some other features, you can use the poptail
command here:
https://github.com/donm/evenmoreutils
Solution 5 - Bash
For Mac Users :
On Mac, head -n -1 wont work. And, I was trying to find a simple solution [ without worrying about processing time ] to solve this problem only using "head" and/or "tail" commands.
I tried the following sequence of commands and was happy that I could solve it just using "tail" command [ with the options available on Mac ]. So, if you are on Mac, and want to use only "tail" to solve this problem, you can use this command :
> cat file.txt | tail -r | tail -n +2 | tail -r
Explanation :
1> tail -r : simply reverses the order of lines in its input
2> tail -n +2 : this prints all the lines starting from the second line in its input
Solution 6 - Bash
> Mac Users
if you only want the last line deleted output without changing the file itself do
sed -e '$ d' foo.txt
if you want to delete the last line of the input file itself do
sed -i '' -e '$ d' foo.txt
Solution 7 - Bash
echo -e '$d\nw\nq'| ed foo.txt
Solution 8 - Bash
awk 'NR>1{print buf}{buf = $0}'
Essentially, this code says the following:
For each line after the first, print the buffered line
for each line, reset the buffer
The buffer is lagged by one line, hence you end up printing lines 1 to n-1
Solution 9 - Bash
Linux
$ is the last line, d for delete:
sed '$d' ~/path/to/your/file/name
MacOS
Equivalent of the sed -i
sed -i '' -e '$ d' ~/path/to/your/file/name
Solution 10 - Bash
OK processing a good amount of data and the output was OK, but had one junk line.
If I piped the output of the script to:
| sed -i '$ d' I would get the following error and finally no output at all sed: no input files
But | head -n -1 worked!
Solution 11 - Bash
Here is a solution using sponge (from the moreutils package):
head -n -1 foo.txt | sponge foo.txt
Summary of solutions:
-
If you want a fast solution for large files, use the efficient tail or dd approach.
-
If you want something easy to extend/tweak and portable, use the redirect and move approach.
-
If you want something easy to extend/tweak, the file is not too large, portability (i.e., depending on
moreutils
package) is not an issue, and you are a fan of square pants, consider the sponge approach.
A nice benefit of the sponge approach, compared to "redirect and move" approaches, is that sponge preserves file permissions.
Sponge uses considerably more RAM compared to the "redirect and move" approach. This gains a bit of speed (only about 20%), but if you're interested in speed the "efficient tail" and dd approaches are the way to go.
Solution 12 - Bash
awk "NR != `wc -l < text.file`" text.file &> newtext.file
This snippet does the trick.
Solution 13 - Bash
Both of these solutions are here in other forms. I found these a little more practical, clear, and useful:
Using dd:
BADLINESCOUNT=1
ORIGINALFILE=/tmp/whatever
dd if=${ORIGINALFILE} of=${ORIGINALFILE}.tmp status=none bs=1 count=$(printf "$(stat --format=%s ${ORIGINALFILE}) - $(tail -n${BADLINESCOUNT} ${ORIGINALFILE} | wc -c)\n" | bc )
/bin/mv -f ${ORIGINALFILE}.tmp ${ORIGINALFILE}
Using truncate:
BADLINESCOUNT=1
ORIGINALFILE=/tmp/whatever
truncate -s $(printf "$(stat --format=%s ${ORIGINALFILE}) - $(tail -n${BADLINESCOUNT} ${ORIGINALFILE} | wc -c)\n" | bc ) ${ORIGINALFILE}
Solution 14 - Bash
You can try this method also : example of removing last n number of lines.
> a=0 ; while [ $a -lt 4 ];do sed -i '$ d' output.txt; a=expr $a + > 1
;done
Removing last 4 lines from file(output.txt).
Solution 15 - Bash
Ruby(1.9+)
ruby -ne 'BEGIN{prv=""};print prv ; prv=$_;' file