You can specify `linestyle=&quot;None&quot;` as a keyword argument in the plot command:

    import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot
    
    Fig, ax = pyplot.subplots()
    for i, (mark, color) in enumerate(zip(
        [&#39;s&#39;, &#39;o&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;v&#39;], [&#39;r&#39;, &#39;g&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;purple&#39;])):
        ax.plot(i+1, i+1, color=color,
                marker=mark,
                markerfacecolor=&#39;None&#39;,
                markeredgecolor=color,
                linestyle = &#39;None&#39;,
                label=`i`)
    
    ax.set_xlim(0,5)
    ax.set_ylim(0,5)
    ax.legend(numpoints=1)
    pyplot.show()

![enter image description here][1]

Since you&#39;re only plotting single points, you can&#39;t see the line attribute except for in the legend.

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/yFFAn.png

You can set the [`rcparams`][1] for the plots:

    import matplotlib
    matplotlib.rcParams[&#39;legend.handlelength&#39;] = 0
    matplotlib.rcParams[&#39;legend.numpoints&#39;] = 1

![enter image description here][2]

All the legend.* parameters are available as keywords if you don&#39;t want the setting to apply globally for all plots. See [matplotlib.pyplot.legend][3] documentation and this related question:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19528579/legend-setting-numpoints-and-scatterpoints-in-matplotlib-does-not-work


  [1]: http://matplotlib.org/users/customizing.html
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/edt3q.png
  [3]: http://matplotlib.org/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.legend

To simply remove the lines once the data has been plotted:

    handles, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
    for h in handles: h.set_linestyle(&quot;&quot;)
    ax.legend(handles, labels)

You should use a scatterplot here

    import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot
    
    Fig, ax = pyplot.subplots()
    for i, (mark, color) in enumerate(zip(
        [&#39;s&#39;, &#39;o&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;v&#39;], [&#39;r&#39;, &#39;g&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;purple&#39;])):
        ax.scatter(i+1, i+1, color=color,
                marker=mark,
                facecolors=&#39;none&#39;,
                label=i)
    
    ax.set_xlim(0,5)
    ax.set_ylim(0,5)
    ax.legend(scatterpoints=1)
    
    pyplot.show()

What are the MAIN differences (things I should be concerned about) between WepApi and WepApi2 that now ships with Visual Studio 2013?

What are the differences between WebAPI and WebAPI 2

How can I select Current Month records from a table of MySql database??

Like now current month is January. I would like to get records of January Month, Where data type of my table column is `timestamp`.I would like to know the sql query.


Thanks  

Get records of current month

I have a `matplotlib` plot generated with the following code:


    import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot

    Fig, ax = pyplot.subplots()
    for i, (mark, color) in enumerate(zip(
        [&#39;s&#39;, &#39;o&#39;, &#39;D&#39;, &#39;v&#39;], [&#39;r&#39;, &#39;g&#39;, &#39;b&#39;, &#39;purple&#39;])):
        ax.plot(i+1, i+1, color=color,
                marker=mark,
                markerfacecolor=&#39;None&#39;,
                markeredgecolor=color,
                label=i)

    ax.set_xlim(0,5)
    ax.set_ylim(0,5)
    ax.legend()

with this as the generated figure:
![matplotlib generated figure][1]

I don&#39;t like the lines through the markers in the legend. How can I get rid of them?


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/RzznT.png

Remove line through marker in matplotlib legend

I have a <code>matplotlib</code> plot generated with the following code:
<pre><code class="hljs language-css">import matplotlib.pyplot as pyplot

Fig, ax = pyplot.subplots()
for i, (mark, color) in enumerate(zip(
 ['s', 'o', 'D', 'v'], ['r', 'g', 'b', 'purple'])):
 ax.plot(i+1, i+1, color=color,
 marker=mark,
 markerfacecolor='None',
 markeredgecolor=color,
 label=i)

ax.set_xlim(0,5)
ax.set_ylim(0,5)
ax.legend()
</code></pre>
with this as the generated figure:
<img src="http://i.stack.imgur.com/RzznT.png" alt="matplotlib generated figure">
I don't like the lines through the markers in the legend. How can I get rid of them?

I read data from a .csv file to a Pandas dataframe as below. For one of the columns, namely `id`, I want to specify the column type as `int`. The problem is the `id` series has missing/empty values.

When I try to cast the `id` column to integer while reading the .csv, I get:

    df= pd.read_csv(&quot;data.csv&quot;, dtype={&#39;id&#39;: int}) 
    error: Integer column has NA values

Alternatively, I tried to convert the column type after reading as below, but this time I get:

    df= pd.read_csv(&quot;data.csv&quot;) 
    df[[&#39;id&#39;]] = df[[&#39;id&#39;]].astype(int)
    error: Cannot convert NA to integer

How can I tackle this?

Convert Pandas column containing NaNs to dtype `int`

I&#39;m trying to plot two sets of data in a bar graph with matplotlib, so I&#39;m using two axes with the `twinx()` method. However, the second y-axis label gets cut off. I&#39;ve tried a few different methods with no success (`tight_layout()`, setting the `major_pad`s in `rcParams`, etc...). I feel like the solution is simple, but I haven&#39;t come across it yet.


Here&#39;s a MWE:

    #!/usr/bin/env python
    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib
    matplotlib.use(&#39;Agg&#39;)
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    
    matplotlib.rcParams.update({&#39;font.size&#39;: 21})
    ax = plt.gca()
    plt.ylabel(&#39;Data1&#39;) #Left side
    ax2 = ax.twinx()
    for i in range(10):
      if(i%2==0):
        ax.bar(i,np.random.randint(10))
      else:
        ax2.bar(i,np.random.randint(1000),color=&#39;k&#39;)
    
    
    plt.ylabel(&#39;Data2&#39;) #Right

 side
plt.savefig(&quot;test.png&quot;)


![Sample graph with Data2 cut off][1]


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/RTSpa.png

Second y-axis label getting cut off

I have a bunch of .RData time-series files and would like to load them directly into Python without first converting the files to some other extension (such as .csv). Any ideas on the best way to accomplish this?


Loading .RData files into Python

I want to add a link to a method in my class from within the docstring of another method of the same class. I want the link to work in sphinx and preferentially also in Spyder and other Python IDE&#39;s.

I tried several options and found only one that works, but it&#39;s cumbersome.

Suppose the following structure in ``mymodule.py``

    def class MyClass():
        def foo(self):
            print &#39;foo&#39;
        def bar(self):
            &quot;&quot;&quot;This method does the same as &lt;link to foo&gt;&quot;&quot;&quot;
            print &#39;foo&#39;

I tried the following options for ``&lt;link to foo&gt;``:

 - :func:\`foo\`
 - :func:\`self.foo\`
 - :func:\`MyClass.foo\`
 - :func:\`mymodule.MyClass.foo\`

The only one that effectively produces a link is :func:\`mymodule.MyClass.foo\`, but the link is shown as `mymodule.MyClass.foo()` and I want a link that is shown as ``foo()`` or ``foo``.  
None of the options above produces a link in Spyder. 

Thanks for your help.

Link to class method in python docstring

I&#39;ve been working with data imported from a CSV. Pandas changed some columns to float, so now the numbers in these columns get displayed as floating points! However, I need them to be displayed as integers or without comma. Is there a way to convert them to integers or not display the comma?



Convert floats to ints in Pandas?

It sounds as an easy problem but I do not find any effective solution to change the font (not the font size) in a plot made with matplotlib in python.

I found a couple of tutorials to change the default font of matplotlib by modifying some files in the folders where matplotlib stores its default font - see [this blog post][1] - but I am looking for a less radical solution since I would like to use more than one font in my plot (text, label, axis label, etc).


  [1]: http://blog.olgabotvinnik.com/post/35807476900/how-to-set-helvetica-as-the-default-sans-serif-font-in

How to change fonts in matplotlib (python)?

I have a set of data records like this:

    (s1, t1), (u1, v1), color1
    (s2, t2), (u2, v2), color2
    .
    .
    .
    (sN, tN), (uN, vN), colorN

In any record, the first two values are the **end-points** of a line segment, the third value is the **color** of that line segment. More specifically, &lt;code&gt;(sn, tn)&lt;/code&gt; are the x-y coordinates of the first end-point, &lt;code&gt;(un, vn)&lt;/code&gt; are the x-y coordinates of the second-endpoint. Also, **color** is an rgb with alpha value.

In general, any two line segments are **disconnected** (meaning that their end-points do not necessarily coincide).

How to plot this data using **matplotlib** with a single `plot` call (or as few as possible) as there could be potentially thousands of records.

# Attempts

Preparing the data in one big list and calling `plot` against it is way too slow. For example the following code couldn&#39;t finish in a reasonable amount of time:

    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    data = []
    for _ in xrange(60000):
        data.append((np.random.rand(), np.random.rand()))
        data.append((np.random.rand(), np.random.rand()))
        data.append(&#39;r&#39;)
    
    print &#39;now plotting...&#39; # from now on, takes too long
    plt.plot(*data)
    print &#39;done&#39;
    #plt.show()

I was able to speed-up the plot rendering by using the **None** insertion trick as follows:

    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    from timeit import timeit

    N = 60000
    _s = np.random.rand(N)
    _t = np.random.rand(N)
    _u = np.random.rand(N)
    _v = np.random.rand(N)
    x = []
    y = []
    for s, t, u, v in zip(_s, _t, _u, _v):
        x.append(s)
        x.append(u)
        x.append(None)
        y.append(t)
        y.append(v)
        y.append(None)
    print timeit(lambda:plt.plot(x, y), number=1)

This executes in under a second on my machine. I still have to figure out how to embed the color values (RGB with alpha channel). 

Matplotlib: Plotting numerous disconnected line segments with different colors

Environment: Python 2.7, [Matplotlib][1] 1.3, IPython notebook 1.1, Linux, and Chrome. The code is in one single input cell, using `--pylab=inline`.

I want to use IPython notebook and Pandas to consume a stream and dynamically update a plot every five seconds.

When I just use a print statement to print the data in text format, it works perfectly fine: the output cell just keeps printing data and adding new rows. But when I try to plot the data (and then update it in a loop), the plot never shows up in the output cell. But if I remove the loop, and just plot it once, it works fine.

Then I did some simple test:

    i = pd.date_range(&#39;2013-1-1&#39;,periods=100,freq=&#39;s&#39;)
    while True:
        plot(pd.Series(data=np.random.randn(100), index=i))
        #pd.Series(data=np.random.randn(100), index=i).plot() also tried this one
        time.sleep(5)

The output will not show anything until I manually interrupt the process (&lt;kbd&gt;Ctrl&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;M&lt;/kbd&gt; + &lt;kbd&gt;I&lt;/kbd&gt;). And after I interrupt it, the plot shows correctly as multiple overlapped lines. But what I really want is a plot that shows up and gets updated every five seconds (or whenever the `plot()` function gets called, just like what print statement outputs I mentioned above, which works well). Only showing the final chart after the cell is completely done is *not* what I want.

I even tried to explicitly add the draw() function after each `plot()`, etc. None of them works. How can I dynamically update a plot by a *for*/*while* loop within one cell in IPython notebook?

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matplotlib




How to dynamically update a plot in a loop in IPython notebook (within one cell)

Is there an explicit equivalent command in Python&#39;s matplotlib for Matlab&#39;s `hold on`? I&#39;m trying to plot all my graphs on the same axes. Some graphs are generated inside a `for` loop, and these are plotted separately from `su` and `sl`:

    import numpy as np
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

    for i in np.arange(1,5):
        z = 68 + 4 * np.random.randn(50)
        zm = np.cumsum(z) / range(1,len(z)+1)
        plt.plot(zm)
        plt.axis([0,50,60,80])

    plt.show()

    n = np.arange(1,51)
    su = 68 + 4 / np.sqrt(n)
    sl = 68 - 4 / np.sqrt(n)

    plt.plot(n,su,n,sl)

    plt.axis([0,50,60,80])
    plt.show()


Python equivalent to &#39;hold on&#39; in Matlab

I am having to reorder items in a legend, when I don&#39;t think I should have to. I try:

    from pylab import *
    clf()
    ax=gca()
    ht=ax.add_patch(Rectangle((1,1),1,1,color=&#39;r&#39;,label=&#39;Top&#39;,alpha=.1))
    h1=ax.bar(1,2,label=&#39;Middle&#39;)
    hb=ax.add_patch(Rectangle((1,1),1,1,color=&#39;k&#39;,label=&#39;Bottom&#39;,alpha=.11))
    legend()
    show()

and end up with Bottom above Middle.  How can I get the right order? Is it not determined by creation order?

[![Code results in wrong legend item order][1]][1]


Update: The following can be used to force the order. I think this may be the simplest way to do it, and that seems awkward.  The question is what determines the original order?

    hh=[ht,h1,hb]
    legend([ht,h1.patches[0],hb],[H.get_label() for H in hh])


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/JdyCz.png


How is order of items in matplotlib legend determined?

So far I have been able to label the subplots just fine but I&#39;m having an issue with the main one.

Here&#39;s the relevant part of my code:

    data_BS_P = data[channels[0]]
    data_BS_R = data[channels[1]]
    data_BS_Y = data[channels[2]]
    plot_BS_P = data_BS_P.plot() #data_BS_P is a pandas dataframe
    axBS = plot_BS_P.gca()
    axBS.plot(data_BS_R, label=&#39;Roll&#39;)
    axBS.plot(data_BS_Y, label=&#39;Yaw&#39;)
    axBS.set_ylabel(&#39;Amplitude (urad)&#39;)
    axBS.legend(loc=&#39;upper center&#39;, bbox_to_anchor=(0.5, 1.05), ncol=3,
                fancybox=True, shadow=True)
    ml1 = MultipleLocator(10)
    ml2 = MultipleLocator(3600)
    axBS.yaxis.set_minor_locator(ml1)
    axBS.xaxis.set_minor_locator(ml2)
    plot_BS_P.save(&#39;L1-SUS-BS_M1_DAMP_PRY_INMON.jpg&#39;)


And this is what I have so far: ![enter image description here][1]
Notice the lengthy label for the blue line. I&#39;d like that to be labeled as &quot;Pitch&quot; instead of the file name. In which line can I do that?

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/BDZY8.jpg

Change main plot legend label text

I currently am plotting a stacked bar graph of a large amount of taxonomic data, and only wish to show significant species in the legend (out of ~500 I wish to show ~25). Is there a simple way to do this? Below is the code I have:


    labels=[&#39;0&#39;,&#39;20&#39;,&#39;40&#39;,&#39;60&#39;,&#39;80&#39;,&#39;100&#39;,&#39;120&#39;]
    ax1=subj1df.plot(kind=&#39;barh&#39;, stacked=True,legend=True,cmap=&#39;Paired&#39;, grid=False)
    legend(ncol=2,loc=2, bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), borderaxespad=0.)
    label1=[&#39;Baseline&#39;,&#39;8h&#39;,&#39;24h&#39;,&#39;48h&#39;,&#39;96h&#39;,&#39;120h&#39;]
    ax1.set_yticklabels(label1, fontdict=None, minor=False)
    plt.title(&#39;Subject 1 Phyla&#39;,fontweight=&#39;bold&#39;)
    plt.savefig(&#39;Subject1Phyla.eps&#39;, format=&#39;eps&#39;, dpi=1000)
    ax1.set_xticklabels(labels)


Edit: tried adding this to show only one legend entry, however only returns an empty legend:


    h, l = ax1.get_legend_handles_labels()
    legend(l[4],h[4],ncol=2,loc=2, bbox_to_anchor=(1.05, 1), borderaxespad=0.)

Show only certain items in legend Python Matplotlib

I&#39;m making some scatter plots and I want to set the size of the points in the legend to a fixed, equal value.

Right now I have this:

    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    import numpy as np
    
    def rand_data():
        return np.random.uniform(low=0., high=1., size=(100,))
    
    # Generate data.
    x1, y1 = [rand_data() for i in range(2)]
    x2, y2 = [rand_data() for i in range(2)]
    
    
    plt.figure()
    plt.scatter(x1, y1, marker=&#39;o&#39;, label=&#39;first&#39;, s=20., c=&#39;b&#39;)
    plt.scatter(x2, y2, marker=&#39;o&#39;, label=&#39;second&#39;, s=35., c=&#39;r&#39;)
    # Plot legend.
    plt.legend(loc=&quot;lower left&quot;, markerscale=2., scatterpoints=1, fontsize=10)
    plt.show()

which produces this:

![enter image description here][1]

The sizes of the points in the legend are scaled but not the same. How can I fix the sizes of the points in the legend to an equal value without affecting the sizes in the `scatter` plot?


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/fAGgh.png

Setting a fixed size for points in legend

    library(ggplot2)
    library(scales)
    library(reshape2)  

    Rdates &lt;- c(&quot;2007-01-31&quot;,&quot;2007-02-28&quot;,&quot;2007-03-30&quot;,&quot;2007-04-30&quot;,&quot;2007-05-31&quot;,&quot;2007-06-29&quot;,&quot;2007-07-31&quot;,&quot;2007-08-31&quot;,&quot;2007-09-28&quot;,&quot;2007-10-31&quot;)
    Rdates &lt;- as.Date(Rdates)
    Cnames &lt;- c(&quot;Column 1 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 2 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 3 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 4 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 5 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 6 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 7 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 8 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 9 Really Long&quot;,&quot;Column 10 Really Long&quot;)
    MAINDF &lt;- data.frame(replicate(10,runif(10,-0.03,0.03)))
    rownames(MAINDF) &lt;- Rdates
    colnames(MAINDF) &lt;- Cnames
    CUSTOMpalette &lt;- c(&quot;#1a2ffa&quot;, &quot;#0d177d&quot;, &quot;#1a9ffa&quot;, &quot;#fa751a&quot;, &quot;#4b8e12&quot;, &quot;#6fd21b&quot;, &quot;#fae51a&quot;, &quot;#c3b104&quot;, &quot;#f5df05&quot;, &quot;#dcc805&quot;)
    MAINDF[,&quot;dates&quot;] &lt;- Rdates
    
    MAINDF &lt;- melt(MAINDF,id.vars=&quot;dates&quot;)
    
    gg &lt;- ggplot(MAINDF, aes(x = dates, y = value, fill = variable))
    gg &lt;- gg + geom_bar(stat = &quot;identity&quot;)
    gg &lt;- gg + scale_x_date(breaks = &quot;3 months&quot;, labels=date_format(&quot;%b%y&quot;),limits=c(min(as.Date(MAINDF$dates)),max(as.Date(MAINDF$dates))))
    gg &lt;- gg + theme(
      axis.text.x= element_text(color=&quot;black&quot;,angle=45, size=10, vjust=0.5),
      axis.text.y= element_text(color=&quot;black&quot;, size=12, vjust=0.5),
      axis.title.y = element_text(color=&quot;black&quot;,size=12, vjust=0.5),
      plot.title = element_text(color=&quot;black&quot;,face=&quot;bold&quot;,size=14, hjust=0.5,vjust=1),
      panel.background = element_blank(),
      panel.border = element_rect(linetype = &quot;solid&quot;, colour = &quot;black&quot;,fill=NA),
      legend.position=&quot;bottom&quot;,
      legend.title = element_blank(),
      legend.key = element_rect(fill=&quot;white&quot;), legend.background = element_rect(fill=NA)
    )
    gg &lt;- gg + xlab(&quot;&quot;) + ylab(&quot;Monthly Returns&quot;) 
    gg &lt;- gg + ggtitle(&quot;Contribution by Strategy&quot;)
    gg &lt;- gg + scale_y_continuous(labels = percent_format())
    gg &lt;- gg + scale_fill_manual(values=CUSTOMpalette)
    gg

Currently have a ggplot2 stacked bar graph setup. Everything works properly now except I am having an issue with the legend. I have put it on the bottom but there are 10 items so some are cutoff (doesnt fit). I tried  `guides(fill=guide_legend(nrow=2))` but this puts the labels in a different order (I want to get the first 5 across then the last 5 below. Any suggestions?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	jlconlin	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	tom10	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Hooked	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	blalterman	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Python	M4rtini	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Remove line through marker in matplotlib legend

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution 3 - Python

Solution 4 - Python

Get records of current month

What are the differences between WebAPI and WebAPI 2

Attributions