You need to strip `\r` and `\n` to remove carriage returns and new lines.


    x &lt;- &quot;foo\nbar\rbaz\r\nquux&quot;
    gsub(&quot;[\r\n]&quot;, &quot;&quot;, x)
    ## [1] &quot;foobarbazquux&quot;

Or

    library(stringr)
    str_replace_all(x, &quot;[\r\n]&quot; , &quot;&quot;)
    ## [1] &quot;foobarbazquux&quot;



I just wanted to note here that if you want to insert spaces where you found newlines the best option is to use the following:

    gsub(&quot;\r?\n|\r&quot;, &quot; &quot;, x)

which will insert only one space regardless whether the text contains `\r\n`, `\n` or `\r`.

Can you please let me know how I can set the active tab in jquery ui with a button click out of the tabs?

I have a button like: 

    &lt;input id=&quot;action&quot; type=&quot;submit&quot; value=&quot;Go to Action&quot;&gt;

and here is the code,

    &lt;script&gt;
    $(function() {
     $( &quot;#tabs&quot; ).tabs();
     $( &quot;#action&quot; ).on(&quot;click&quot;, function(){});
    });
  &lt;/script&gt;

    &lt;div id=&quot;tabs&quot;&gt;
        &lt;ul&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#tabs-1&quot;&gt;Description&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#tabs-2&quot;&gt;Action&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#tabs-3&quot;&gt;Resources&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
            &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;#tabs-4&quot;&gt;Settings&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;
    
    &lt;div id=&quot;tabs-1&quot;&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Description content&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div id=&quot;tabs-2&quot;&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Action content&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div id=&quot;tabs-3&quot;&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Resources content&lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;div id=&quot;tabs-4&quot;&gt;
        &lt;p&gt;Settings &lt;/p&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;
    
    &lt;/div&gt;

How to Set Active Tab in jQuery Ui

I want to run each selected py.test item an arbitrary number of times, sequentially.  
I don&#39;t see any standard py.test mechanism for doing this.

I attempted to do this in the `pytest_collection_modifyitems()` hook.  I modified the list of items passed in, to specify each item more than once.  The first execution of a test item works as expected, but that seems to cause some problems for my code.  

Further, I would prefer to have a unique test item object for each run, as I use id (item) as a key in various reporting code.  Unfortunately, I can&#39;t find any py.test code to duplicate a test item, `copy.copy()` doesn&#39;t work, and `copy.deepcopy()` gets an exception.

Can anybody suggest a strategy for executing a test multiple times?

How can I repeat each test multiple times in a py.test run?

How to remove all line breaks (enter symbols) from the string?

    my_string &lt;- &quot;foo\nbar\rbaz\r\nquux&quot;

I&#39;ve tried `gsub(&quot;\n&quot;, &quot;&quot;, my_string)`, but it doesn&#39;t work, because new line and line break aren&#39;t equal.


remove all line breaks (enter symbols) from the string using R

How to remove all line breaks (enter symbols) from the string?
<pre><code class="hljs language-swift">my_string &#x3C;- "foo\nbar\rbaz\r\nquux"
</code></pre>
I've tried <code>gsub("\n", "", my_string)</code>, but it doesn't work, because new line and line break aren't equal.

I am working on R in R studio.
I need to calculate the mean for each column of a data frame.

     cluster1  // 5 by 4 data frame
     mean(cluster1) // 

I got : 

      Warning message:
      In mean.default(cluster1) :
      argument is not numeric or logical: returning NA

But I can use       
      
      mean(cluster1[[1]])

to get the mean of the first column. 

How to get means for all columns ? 

Any help would be appreciated. 


calculate the mean for each column of a matrix in R

I want to use use the `dplyr::group_by` function inside another function, but I do not know how to pass the arguments to this function.

Can someone provide a working example?

    library(dplyr)
    data(iris)
    iris %.% group_by(Species) %.% summarise(n = n()) # 
    ## Source: local data frame [3 x 2]
    ##      Species  n
    ## 1  virginica 50
    ## 2 versicolor 50
    ## 3     setosa 50

    mytable0 &lt;- function(x, ...) x %.% group_by(...) %.% summarise(n = n())
    mytable0(iris, &quot;Species&quot;) # OK
    ## Source: local data frame [3 x 2]
    ##      Species  n
    ## 1  virginica 50
    ## 2 versicolor 50
    ## 3     setosa 50

    mytable1 &lt;- function(x, key) x %.% group_by(as.name(key)) %.% summarise(n = n())
    mytable1(iris, &quot;Species&quot;) # Wrong!
    # Error: unsupported type for column &#39;as.name(key)&#39; (SYMSXP)

    mytable2 &lt;- function(x, key) x %.% group_by(key) %.% summarise(n = n())
    mytable2(iris, &quot;Species&quot;) # Wrong!
    # Error: index out of bounds



dplyr: How to use group_by inside a function?

When working with `plyr` I often found it useful to use `adply` for scalar functions that I have to apply to each and every row.

e.g.

    data(iris)
    library(plyr)
    head(
         adply(iris, 1, transform , Max.Len= max(Sepal.Length,Petal.Length))
        )
      Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species Max.Len
    1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa     5.1
    2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa     4.9
    3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa     4.7
    4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa     4.6
    5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa     5.0
    6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa     5.4


Now I&#39;m using `dplyr` more, I&#39;m wondering if there is a tidy/natural way to do this? As this is **NOT** what I want:

    library(dplyr)
    head(
         mutate(iris, Max.Len= max(Sepal.Length,Petal.Length))
        )
      Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.Length Petal.Width Species Max.Len
    1          5.1         3.5          1.4         0.2  setosa     7.9
    2          4.9         3.0          1.4         0.2  setosa     7.9
    3          4.7         3.2          1.3         0.2  setosa     7.9
    4          4.6         3.1          1.5         0.2  setosa     7.9
    5          5.0         3.6          1.4         0.2  setosa     7.9
    6          5.4         3.9          1.7         0.4  setosa     7.9

Applying a function to every row of a table using dplyr?

I have the same question as [this post][1], but I want to use `dplyr`:

With an R dataframe, eg:

    df &lt;- data.frame(id = rep(1:3, each = 5)
                     , hour = rep(1:5, 3)
                     , value = sample(1:15))

how do I add a cumulative sum column that matches the id?

Without `dplyr` the accepted solution of the previous post is:
    
    df$csum &lt;- ave(df$value, df$id, FUN=cumsum)



  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16850207/cumulative-sum-matching-ids

How to add a cumulative column to an R dataframe using dplyr?

I would like to automatically wrap my labels in ggplot2, i.e. insert line breaks of long labels. [Here][1] is written how to write a function (1) for it, but sadly I do not know where to put `labeller=label_wrap` in my code (2).

(1) function by hadley

    label_wrap &lt;- function(variable, value) {
      lapply(strwrap(as.character(value), width=25, simplify=FALSE), 
             paste, collapse=&quot;\n&quot;)
    }

    
(2) code example

    df = data.frame(x = c(&quot;label&quot;, &quot;long label&quot;, &quot;very, very long label&quot;), 
                    y = c(10, 15, 20))

    ggplot(df, aes(x, y)) + geom_bar(stat=&quot;identity&quot;)
[![Histogram with long label not wrapped][2]][2]

I&#39;d like to wrap some of the longer labels here.

  [1]: https://github.com/hadley/ggplot2/wiki/labeller
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/BBPRW.png

Wrap long axis labels via labeller=label_wrap in ggplot2

I need to learn how to design a DFA such that given any number &#39;n&#39;, it accepts binary strings {0, 1} whose decimal equivalent number is divisible by &#39;n&#39;.

There will be different DFAs for different &#39;n&#39;, but can somebody give a basic approach that I should follow to proceed with any number 0 &lt; n &lt; 10 .

Design DFA accepting binary strings divisible by a number &#39;n&#39;

I want to make a replacement using regex and preg_replace function. this is my code

    $verif = &quot;/wordA(\s*)wordB(?! wordc)/i&quot;;
    $replacement = &#39;wordA wordb wordc&#39;;
    $newvar = preg_replace($verif, $replacement, $article-&gt;text);

That works if only we have one whitespace between wordA and wordB.
I need to match what ever the number of whitespaces between wordA &amp; wordB.

example:

&gt;wordA (10 or more whitespace)    wordB -&gt; wordA wordb wordc  same wordA(1 whitespace) wordB -&gt; wordA wordb wordc ...


regex match any whitespace

I want to recursively iterate through a directory and change the extension of all files of a certain extension, say `.t1` to `.t2`. What is the bash command for doing this?

Recursively change file extensions in Bash

 what is the regex for the date format yyyy-mm-dd?

I want to validate the email from edittext and check if it matches the regex.

Regex date validation for yyyy-mm-dd

I&#39;m trying to replace `/./` or `/././` or `/./././` to `/` only in bash script. I&#39;ve managed to create regex for sed but it doesn&#39;t work.

    variable=&quot;something/./././&quot;
    variable=$(echo $variable | sed &quot;s/\/(\.\/)+/\//g&quot;)
    echo $variable # this should output &quot;something/&quot;

When I tried to replace only `/./` substring it worked with regex in sed `\/\.\/`. Does sed regex requires more flags to use multiplication of substring with `+` or `*`?

sed plus sign doesn&#39;t work

I’m using bash shell on Linux.  I have this simple script …

	#!/bin/bash

	TEMP=`sed -n &#39;/&#39;&quot;Starting deployment of&quot;&#39;/,/&#39;&quot;Failed to start context&quot;&#39;/p&#39; &quot;/usr/java/jboss/standalone/log/server.log&quot; | tac | awk &#39;/&#39;&quot;Starting deployment of&quot;&#39;/ {print;exit} 1&#39; | tac`
	echo $TEMP

However, when I run this script

	./temp.sh

all the output is printed without the carriage returns/new lines.  Not sure if its the way I’m storing the output to $TEMP, or the echo command itself.

How do I store the output of the command to a variable and preserve the line breaks/carriage returns?

How to preserve line breaks when storing command output to a variable?

Sometimes a line containing a ternary operator in Python gets too long:

    answer = &#39;Ten for that? You must be mad!&#39; if does_not_haggle(brian) else &quot;It&#39;s worth ten if it&#39;s worth a shekel.&quot;

Is there a recommended way to make a line break at 79 characters with a ternary operator? I did not find it in &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/&quot;&gt;PEP 8&lt;/a&gt;. 

How to make a line break on the Python ternary operator?

I have a form with a textarea and I want to preserve line breaks entered by the user when outputting the content.

For exemple, if I write in textarea : 

&gt; Here is a sentence. Here is another. here is one more.
&gt; 
&gt; This is a new paragraph. Here is a new sentence. Here is another.

I want the same output and **not** : 

&gt; Here is a sentence. Here is another. here is one more. This is a new
&gt; paragraph. Here is a new sentence. Here is another.

How could I preserve line breaks?

Preserve line breaks in textarea

I&#39;ve noticed that if I start a new paragraph right after an image, most renderers leave inadequate space between the image and the text below. The paragraph ends up looking like a legend. While this is useful when I do want to have a legend, sometimes I&#39;d just like to insert an image in between two paragraphs, and have it adequately spaced below as above.

I correct this issue currently with:

    Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit:
    
    [IMAGE]
    
    &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
    
    Pellentesque pharetra turpis vitae velit consequat placerat. Duis sed volutpat neque, et scelerisque orci.

But this strikes me as inelegant: I would like to avoid the HTML if possible.

Is there another way to force a linebreak?

I&#39;m using Markdown Preview Plus for Atom to render.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Marta	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - R	Richie Cotton	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - R	Midnighter	View Answer on Stackoverflow

remove all line breaks (enter symbols) from the string using R

R Problem Overview

R Solutions

Solution 1 - R

Solution 2 - R

How can I repeat each test multiple times in a py.test run?

How to Set Active Tab in jQuery Ui

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