You can download [Web Essentials 2012](https://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/07d54d12-7133-4e15-becb-6f451ea3bea6), it lets you use regions in TypeScript.

If you use, Visual Studio 2015, here is the freshest link.
[Web Essentials 2015.3](https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=MadsKristensen.WebEssentials20153)


Visual Studio 2017 also has support for regions [here][1].


Support via Web Essentials for older versions may be found [here][2].


  [1]: https://marketplace.visualstudio.com/items?itemName=MadsKristensen.JavaScriptRegions
  [2]: http://vswebessentials.com/download

You can follow the TypeScript GitHub issue here

[TypeScript Regions #11073][1]

Still no ETA on when this will be implemented, currently awaiting more feedback.

  [1]: https://github.com/Microsoft/TypeScript/issues/11073

To request a new feature for TypeScript, you should start a [discussion on Codeplex][1].

There are lots of [opinions about regions being a bad thing][2] - perhaps they are telling you that you have too much in a single file. TypeScript has a great way to load modules from many different files and it may be better to use that to separate your concerns.


  [1]: https://typescript.codeplex.com/discussions
  [2]: http://www.stevefenton.co.uk/Content/Blog/Date/201006/Blog/The-Dot-Net-Campaign-Against-Regions/

I have a shell script that I would like to test with shUnit. The script (and all the functions) are in a single file since it makes installation much easier.

Example for `script.sh`

    #!/bin/sh

    foo () { ... }
    bar () { ... }

    code

I wanted to write a second file (that does not need to be distributed and installed) to test the functions defined in `script.sh`

Something like `run_tests.sh`

    #!/bin/sh

    . script.sh

    # Unit tests

Now the problem lies in the `.` (or `source` in Bash). It does not only parse function definitions but also executes the code in the script.

Since the script with no arguments does nothing bad I could

    . script.sh &gt; /dev/null 2&gt;&amp;1

but I was wandering if there is a better way to achieve my goal.

**Edit**

My proposed workaround does not work in the case the sourced script calls `exit` so I have to trap the exit

    #!/bin/sh

    trap run_tests ERR EXIT

    run_tests() {
       ...
    }

    . script.sh

The `run_tests` function is called but as soon as I redirect the output of the source command the functions in the script are not parsed and are not available in the trap handler

This works but I get the output of `script.sh`:

    #!/bin/sh
    trap run_tests ERR EXIT
    run_tests() {
       function_defined_in_script_sh
    }
    . script.sh

This does not print the output but I get an error that the function is not defined:

    #!/bin/sh
    trap run_tests ERR EXIT
    run_tests() {
       function_defined_in_script_sh
    }
    . script.sh | grep OUTPUT_THAT_DOES_NOT_EXISTS

This does not print the output and the `run_tests` trap handler is not called at all:

    #!/bin/sh
    trap run_tests ERR EXIT
    run_tests() {
       function_defined_in_script_sh
    }
    . script.sh &gt; /dev/null


Importing functions from a shell script

I&#39;m trying to use a wrapper for a library that wants an Array as an input parameter.

I tried casting the Array, but I get an error: Cannot convert &#39;any[]&#39; to &#39;Array&#39;

Is there a way to make this work?


    var rows = new Array(10);
    var rows2 = &lt;Array&gt;rows; //&lt;--- Cannot convert &#39;any[]&#39; to &#39;Array&#39;

TypeScript casting arrays

In my JavaScript (.js) files, I use a Visual Studio 2012 plugin for regions [(here)][1] like this:

    //#region &quot;My Region&quot;
    
    //Code here
    
    //#endregion &quot;My Region&quot;


I would also like to have regions in TypeScript (.ts) files as well. Is this a possibility right now? 

  [1]: http://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/4be701d8-af03-40a4-8cdc-d2add5cde46c

Regions in TypeScript

In my JavaScript (.js) files, I use a Visual Studio 2012 plugin for regions <a href="http://visualstudiogallery.msdn.microsoft.com/4be701d8-af03-40a4-8cdc-d2add5cde46c" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">(here)</a> like this:
<pre><code class="hljs language-shell">//#region "My Region"

//Code here

//#endregion "My Region"
</code></pre>
I would also like to have regions in TypeScript (.ts) files as well. Is this a possibility right now?

So I&#39;ve created this jqueryui widget. Its creates a div that I can stream errors into. The widget code looks like this:

    $.widget(&#39;ui.miniErrorLog&#39;, {
       logStart: &quot;&lt;ul&gt;&quot;,   // these next 4 elements are actually a bunch more complicated.
       logEnd:   &quot;&lt;/ul&gt;&quot;,
       errStart: &quot;&lt;li&gt;&quot;,
       errEnd:   &quot;&lt;/li&gt;&quot;,
       content:  &quot;&quot;,
       refs:     [],

       _create: function() { $(this.element).addClass( &quot;ui-state-error&quot; ).hide(); },

       clear: function() { 
          this.content = &quot;&quot;; 
          for ( var i in this.refs )
             $( this.refs[i] ).removeClass( &quot;ui-state-error&quot; );
          this.refs = [];
          $(this.element).empty().hide(); 
       }, 

       addError: function( msg, ref ) {
          this.content += this.errStart + msg + this.errEnd; 
          if ( ref ) {
             if ( ref instanceof Array )
                this.refs.concat( ref );
             else
                this.refs.push( ref );
             for ( var i in this.refs )
                $( this.refs[i] ).addClass( &quot;ui-state-error&quot; );
          }
          $(this.element).html( this.logStart + this.content + this.logEnd ).show();
       }, 

       hasError: function()
       {
          if ( this.refs.length )
             return true;
          return false;
       },
    });

I can add error messages into it, and references to page elements that is will put into an error state. I use it to validate dialogs. In the &quot;addError&quot; method I can pass in a single id, or an array of ids, like this:

    $( &quot;#registerDialogError&quot; ).miniErrorLog( 
       &#39;addError&#39;, 
       &quot;Your passwords don&#39;t match.&quot;, 
       [ &quot;#registerDialogPassword1&quot;, &quot;#registerDialogPassword2&quot; ] );

But when I pass in an array of id&#39;s it doesn&#39;t work. The problem is in the following lines (i think):

    if ( ref instanceof Array )
       this.refs.concat( ref );
    else
       this.refs.push( ref );

Why doesn&#39;t that concat work. this.refs and ref are both arrays. So why doesn&#39;t the concat work?

Bonus: am I doing anything else dumb in this widget? It&#39;s my first one.




Javascript Array Concat not working. Why?

I am not able to understand how d3.call() works and when and where to use that. [Here](http://alignedleft.com/tutorials/d3/axes/) is the tutorial link that I&#39;m trying to complete.

Can someone please explain specifically what this piece is doing

    var xAxis = d3.svg.axis()
                  .scale(xScale)
                  .orient(&quot;bottom&quot;);

    svg.append(&quot;g&quot;).call(xAxis);


Javascript library d3 call function

&gt; **Possible Duplicate:**  
&gt; [Disable Copy/Paste into HTML form using Javascript](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1226574/disable-copy-paste-into-html-form-using-javascript)  

&lt;!-- End of automatically inserted text --&gt;

[My bank][1] seem to have disabled copy-paste of username and password.

How is it done? Does it improve security?

  [1]: https://www.mizrahi-tefahot.co.il/he/bank/Pages/Default.aspx

Disable copy paste in HTML input fields?

Are there other ways to increment a `for` loop in Javascript besides `i++` and `++i`? For example, I want to increment by 3 instead of one. 

    for (var i = 0; i &lt; myVar.length; i+3) {
       //every three
    }

Can a for loop increment/decrement by more than one?

Suppose if I define a class in file1.js

    function Customer(){
        this.name=&quot;Jhon&quot;;
        this.getName=function(){
            return this.name;
        };
    };

Now if I want to create a Customer object in file2.js

    var customer=new Customer();
    var name=customer.getName();

I am getting exception: `Customer is undefined, not a constructor.`

But when i create a customer object in file2.js and pass it to file1.js then its working .

    file1.js
    
        function Customer(){
            this.name=&quot;Jhon&quot;;
            this.getName=function(){
                return this.name;
            }
        }
        function customer(){
            return new Customer();
        }
        
    file2.js
        
        var customer=customer();
        var name=customer.getName();

but i want to create a customer object in file1.js using new Customer(). How can i achieve that?  


How to instantiate a javascript class in another js file?

Visual Studio has an option to place system directives at the top when sorting them.

![enter image description here][1]

When this setting is **unchecked**, sorting using statements by right-clicking on them and using the *Organize Usings* feature, places System namespaces alphabetically along all other namespace imports.

However, ReSharper does not seem to honor this setting, nor does it have anything similar on its own Namespace Imports options page.  It always behaves as if you want System namespaces at the top.  This is especially annoying when you already have some at the bottom and you let ReSharper suggest a namespace to import, then you end up with some at both ends of the list.

Is there some way to fix this?  Or is this just a bug/oversight in ReSharper?

  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/71HGg.png

How to tell ReSharper to sort usings with system namespaces NOT at the top?

Its been a while since I setup a Build Server so maybe I&#39;ve forgotten something or maybe .NET 4.5 is different from whatever version I did this with last time, but here is my problem.

I&#39;m trying to setup a build server to monitor a source control repository. Whenever something changes, I want the server to pull the changes and build the project. If there are no errors, I want to deploy the site to a web site running on the build server.

In the past when I did this, I thought that I was able to do this having only .NET installed, but when I try to build this project I get an error that &quot;C:\Program Files\MSBuild\Microsoft\VisualStudio\v11.0\WebApplications\Microsoft.WebApplication.targets&quot; is missing, and if I go and look I can see that it is missing. In fact there are no Visual Studio 11 targets files.

After a lot of thought and head scratching, I went out and got the &quot;Windows 8/.NET 4.5 SDK&quot; thinking that the .NET 4.5 SDK might install the targets files that I needed, but it did not unless I installed it wrong somehow.

So, what do I need to put on the Build Server in order to get the project to build. I would prefer not to have to install the full Visual Studio 2012. 

Build ASP.NET 4.5 without Visual Studio on Build Server

If I click control-click a hyperlink in the **text editor**, it opens the URL in a new Visual Studio tab. I would rather the link open outside Visual Studio in my system&#39;s default web browser (happens to be Google Chrome). How can I arrange this?

I&#39;m talking about hyperlinks in code comments.

* * *

I am using Visual Studio **2012**. I found a [similar question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1201570/how-do-i-open-links-in-visual-studio-in-my-web-browser-and-not-in-visual-studio) dated 2009, however the accepted answer (a macro) doesn&#39;t work in Visual Studio 2012.

Visual Studio 2012 change web browser

I have solution &amp; project in Visual Studio 2012. 

The project has a file `packages.config` in the root of the project.

For the purposes of this question, lets assume I accidentally removed these libraries from the `References` section of my project.

When going into NuGet package manager, the interface is still reporting a tick next to these packages, indicating they are installed.

The only way I can see how to fix this situation is to delete all the entries from `packages.config`, which will fix the issue of the NuGet interface reporting them as installed, and re-add each one.

Is there a smarter way? I had hoped enabling &#39;enable nuget to restore missing packages&#39; would solve this, but it doesnt seem to do anything.

Restoring Nuget References?

Is there any way to enforce the usage of the C++11 `override` keyword in Visual C++ 2012?

(i.e. if I forget to say `override`, then I want to get a warning/error.)

How to enforce the &#39;override&#39; keyword?

I&#39;m trying to pass a class as a parameter to some function, that will instantiate this class and return it. Here is my code:


    module A.Views {
      export class View { ... }
    }
    
    module A.App {
      export class MyApp {
        ...
        registerView(viewKlass:A.Views.View):void
        {
            var test = new viewKlass;
        } 
      }
    }

When i&#39;m trying to compile this, i&#39;m getting:

    (...): Value of type &#39;Views.View&#39; is not newable.

What am I doing wrong?

If a newable type value is an object constructor how do i pass the constructor function at runtime?

Passing class as parameter causes &quot;is not newable&quot; error

How to add a method to a base type, say Array? In the global module this will be recognized

    interface Array {
       remove(o): Array;
    }

but where to put the actual implementation?



Extending Array in TypeScript

I have such case:

    interface MoverShaker {
        getStatus(): { speed: number; frequency: number; };
    }

    function GetMoverShaker() : MoverShaker {
        return {
            getStatus: () =&gt; { speed: 2, frequency: 3 }
        }
    }

I am getting such error: The name &#39;frequency&#39; does not exist in the current scope. Is such construction possible in TypeScript? If I am using such construction then everything is ok:

    function GetMoverShaker(): MoverShaker {
        return {
            getStatus: () =&gt; {
                 return { speed: 2, frequency: 3 }
            }
    }



TypeScript function arrow expression returning object

I&#39;m trying to create get and set method for a property:

    private _name: string;

    Name() {
        get:
        {
            return this._name;
        }
        set:
        {
            this._name = ???;
        }
    }

What&#39;s the keyword to set a value?



get and set in TypeScript

At the moment, `TypeScript` does not allow use get/set methods(accessors) in interfaces.
For example:

    interface I {
          get name():string;
    }

    class C implements I {
          get name():string {
              return null;
          } 
    }

	
furthermore, TypeScript does not allow use Array Function Expression in class methods:
for ex.:

    class C {
        private _name:string;
    
        get name():string =&gt; this._name;
    }

Is there any other way I can use a getter and setter on an interface definition?


Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Gaff	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Javascript	unjuken	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Javascript	Highdown	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Javascript	wonea	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Javascript	Fenton	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Regions in TypeScript

Javascript Problem Overview

Javascript Solutions

Solution 1 - Javascript

Solution 2 - Javascript

Solution 3 - Javascript

Solution 4 - Javascript

TypeScript casting arrays

Importing functions from a shell script

Attributions