Redirect Windows cmd stdout and stderr to a single file
WindowsCommand LineCmdPipeWindows Problem Overview
I'm trying to redirect all output (stdout + stderr) of a DOS command to a single file:
C:\>dir 1> a.txt 2> a.txt
The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process.
Is it possible, or should I just redirect to two separate files?
Windows Solutions
Solution 1 - Windows
You want:
dir > a.txt 2>&1
The syntax 2>&1 will redirect 2 (stderr) to 1 (stdout). You can also hide messages by redirecting to NUL, more explanation and examples on MSDN.
Solution 2 - Windows
Anders Lindahl's answer is correct, but it should be noted that if you are redirecting stdout to a file and want to redirect stderr as well then you MUST ensure that 2>&1 is specified AFTER the 1> redirect, otherwise it will not work.
REM *** WARNING: THIS WILL NOT REDIRECT STDERR TO STDOUT ****
dir 2>&1 > a.txt
Solution 3 - Windows
#Background info from MSKB While the accepted answer to this question is correct, it really doesn't do much to explain why it works, and since the syntax is not immediately clear I did a quick google to find out what was actually going on. In the hopes that this information is helpful to others, I'm posting it here.
Taken from MS Support KB 110930.
#From MSKB110930
>#Redirecting Error Messages from Command Prompt: STDERR/STDOUT >##Summary >When redirecting output from an application using the '>' symbol, error messages still print to the screen. This is because error messages are often sent to the Standard Error stream instead of the Standard Out stream.
>Output from a console (Command Prompt) application or command is often sent to two separate streams. The regular output is sent to Standard Out (STDOUT) and the error messages are sent to Standard Error (STDERR). When you redirect console output using the ">" symbol, you are only redirecting STDOUT. In order to redirect STDERR you have to specify '2>' for the redirection symbol. This selects the second output stream which is STDERR.
>## Example
>The command dir file.xxx (where file.xxx does not exist) will display the following output:
> Volume in drive F is Candy Cane Volume Serial Number is 34EC-0876 > > File Not Found
>If you redirect the output to the NUL device using dir file.xxx > nul, you will still see the error message part of the output, like this:
> File Not Found
>To redirect (only) the error message to NUL, use the following command:
> dir file.xxx 2> nul
>Or, you can redirect the output to one place, and the errors to another.
> dir file.xxx > output.msg 2> output.err
>You can print the errors and standard output to a single file by using the "&1" command to redirect the output for STDERR to STDOUT and then sending the output from STDOUT to a file:
> dir file.xxx 1> output.msg 2>&1
Solution 4 - Windows
To add the stdout and stderr to the general logfile of a script:
dir >> a.txt 2>&1
Solution 5 - Windows
Correct, file handle 1 for the process is STDOUT, redirected by the 1> or by > (1 can be omitted, by convention, the command interpreter [cmd.exe] knows to handle that).
File handle 2 is STDERR, redirected by 2>.
Note that if you're using these to make log files, then unless you're sending the outut to uniquely_named (eg date-and-time-stamped) log files, then if you run the same process twice, the redirected will overwrite (replace) the previous log file.
The >> (for either STDOUT or STDERR) will APPEND not REPLACE the file. So you get a cumulative logfile, showwing the results from all runs of the process - typically more useful.
Happy trails...
Solution 6 - Windows
There is, however, no guarantee that the output of SDTOUT and STDERR are interweaved line-by-line in timely order, using the POSIX redirect merge syntax.
If an application uses buffered output, it may happen that the text of one stream is inserted in the other at a buffer boundary, which may appear in the middle of a text line.
A dedicated console output logger (I.e. the "StdOut/StdErr Logger" by 'LoRd MuldeR') may be more reliable for such a task.
Solution 7 - Windows
In a batch file (Windows 7 and above) I found this method most reliable
Call :logging >"C:\Temp\NAME_Your_Log_File.txt" 2>&1
:logging
TITLE "Logging Commands"
ECHO "Read this output in your log file"
ECHO ..
Prompt $_
COLOR 0F
Obviously, use whatever commands you want and the output will be directed to the text file. Using this method is reliable HOWEVER there is NO output on the screen.