This code occurs in `multiprocessing.dummy`, a &quot;fake&quot; version of `multiprocessing` that implements the functionality with threads. If you look down a few lines, you&#39;ll see

    def Manager():
        return sys.modules[__name__]

`multiprocessing.dummy` implements `Manager` as a function that just returns the `multiprocessing.dummy` module itself, so the `multiprocessing.dummy` module object has to provide the API of a multiprocessing Manager object. The lines

    dict = dict
    list = list

copy the bindings for the `dict` and `list` names from the builtins namespace into the module&#39;s namespace, so you can do

    m = multiprocessing.dummy.Manager()
    d = m.dict()

as if you had a real `multiprocessing.Manager()`.

I am using python and I have defined the latitudes and longitudes (in degrees) of a polygon on the map.
My goal is to check if a generic point `P` of coordinates `x,y` falls within such polygon. I would like therefore to have a function that allows me to check such condition and return `True` or `False` if the point is inside or outside the polygon.

[![enter image description here][1]][1]

In this example the point is outside so the result would be `False`

**Question**: Is there a library/package that allows to reach my goal? if yes which one do you recommend? would you be able to give a small example on how to use it?
 
Here is the code I have written so far:

    import numpy as np
    
    # Define vertices of polygon (lat/lon)
    v0 = [7.5, -2.5] 
    v1 = [2, 3.5]
    v2 = [-2, 4]
    v3 = [-5.5, -4]
    v4 = [0, -10]
    lats_vect = np.array([v0[0],v1[0],v2[0],v3[0],v4[0]])
    lons_vect = np.array([v0[1],v1[1],v2[1],v3[1],v4[1]])
    
    # Point of interest P
    x, y = -6, 5 # x = Lat, y = Lon
    
    ## START MODIFYING FROM HERE; DO NOT MODIFY POLYGON VERTICES AND DATA TYPE
    # Check if point of interest falls within polygon boundaries
    # If yes, return True
    # If no, return False

In order to plot the polygon and the point of interest I used cartopy and I wrote the following lines of code:

    import cartopy.crs as ccrs
    import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
    ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.PlateCarree())
    ax.stock_img() 

    # Append first vertex to end of vector to close polygon when plotting
    lats_vect = np.append(lats_vect, lats_vect[0])
    lons_vect = np.append(lons_vect, lons_vect[0])
    plt.plot([lons_vect[0:-1], lons_vect[1:]], [lats_vect[0:-1], lats_vect[1:]],
             color=&#39;black&#39;, linewidth=1, 
             transform=ccrs.Geodetic(),
             )   
    
    plt.plot(y, x, 
            &#39;*&#39;,          # marker shape
            color=&#39;blue&#39;,  # marker colour
            markersize=8  # marker size
            )  
    
    plt.show()  

**Note**: 

 - points are connected to each other by Great Circles!
 - I have researched in the internt and I ended up finding some similar questions [like this one][2] but I had no success since they all use of `.shp` files which I do not have.


  [1]: https://i.stack.imgur.com/4mjz7.png
  [2]: https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/208546/check-if-a-point-falls-within-a-multipolygon-with-python

Check if geo-point is inside or outside of polygon

Say I have an `NSMutableAttributedString` .

The string has **a varied *mix*** of formatting throughout:

Here is an example:

&gt; This string is **hell to *change*** *in iOS*, it *really* **sucks**.

However, the font per se is not the font you want.

I want to:

**for each and every character, change that character to a specific *font* (say, Avenir)**

# BUT,

**for each and every character, *keep* the *mix* of *other* attributions (bold, italic, colors, etc etc) which was previously in place on that character.**

How the hell do you do this?

---


Note:

if you trivially add an attribute &quot;Avenir&quot; over the whole range: it simply **deletes all the other attribute ranges**, you lose all formatting. Unfortunately, attributes **are not**, in fact &quot;additive&quot;.


NSAttributedString, change the font overall BUT keep all other attributes?

Notice [these lines](https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/cc3fa204d357be5fafc10eb8c2a80fe0bca998f1/Lib/multiprocessing/dummy/__init__.py#L91-L92) in `multiprocessing` package of standard libraries:

    dict = dict
    list = list

What&#39;s the point of rebinding some names already available on `__builtins__` into the module scope?  What is it trying to achieve?  I searched for an explanation in the git blame, but this commit was large and there was no relevant comment.  

Re-assigning a name to itself

Notice <a href="https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/cc3fa204d357be5fafc10eb8c2a80fe0bca998f1/Lib/multiprocessing/dummy/__init__.py#L91-L92" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">these lines</a> in <code>multiprocessing</code> package of standard libraries:
<pre><code class="hljs language-ini">dict = dict
list = list
</code></pre>
What's the point of rebinding some names already available on <code>__builtins__</code> into the module scope? What is it trying to achieve? I searched for an explanation in the git blame, but this commit was large and there was no relevant comment.

If I do 

    mt = mobile.PattLen.value_counts()   # sort True by default

I get

    4    2831
    3    2555 
    5    1561
    [...]

If I do
 
    mt = mobile.PattLen.value_counts(sort=False) 

I get

    8    225
    9    120
    2   1234 
    [...]

What I am trying to do is get the output in 2, 3, 4 ascending order (the left numeric column).  Can I change value_counts somehow or do I need to use a different function. 
    



    

changing sort in value_counts

I&#39;m building a Flask app with Python 3.5 following a tutorial, based on different import rules. By looking for similar questions, I managed to solve an ImportError based on importing from a nested folder by adding the folder to the path, but I keep failing at importing a function from a script in the same folder (already in the path). The folder structure is this:

    DoubleDibz  
    ├── app
    │   ├── __init__.py
    │   ├── api 
    │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │   └── helloworld.py
    │   ├── app.py
    │   ├── common
    │   │   ├── __init__.py
    │   │   └── constants.py
    │   ├── config.py
    │   ├── extensions.py
    │   ├── static
    │   └── templates
    └── run.py

In app.py I import a function from config.py by using this code:

    import config as Config

but I get this error: 

    ImportError: No module named &#39;config&#39;

I don&#39;t understand what&#39;s the problem, being the two files in the same folder.
Thanks in advance 

import function from a file in the same folder

I use community pycharm and the version of python is 3.6.1, django is 1.11.1. This warning has no affect on running, but I cannot use the IDE&#39;s auto complete.

Unresolved attribute reference &#39;objects&#39; for class &#39;&#39; in PyCharm

I&#39;ve been trying to run my code in AWS Lambda which imports pandas. So here is what I&#39;ve done.
I have a python file which contains a simple code as follows(This file has the lambda handler)

    import json
    print(&#39;Loading function&#39;)
    import pandas as pd
    def lambda_handler(event, context):
        return &quot;Welcome to Pandas usage in AWS Lambda&quot;


1. I have zipped this python file along with numpy, pandas and pytz libraries as a deployment package (Did all these in Amazon EC2 linux machine) 
2. Then uploaded the package into S3
3. Created a lambda function(runtime=python3.6) and uploaded the deployment package from S3

But when I test the lambda function in AWS Lambda, I get the below error:

    Unable to import module &#39;lambda_function&#39;: Missing required dependencies [&#39;numpy&#39;]

I already have numpy in the zipped package but still I get this error. I tried to follow the hints given at https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36054976/pandas-aws-lambda but no luck.

Did anyone ran into the same issue. Would appreciate any hint or suggestions to solve this problem.

Thanks


Pandas in AWS lambda gives numpy error

I have a Python/Django proyect. Due to some rolls back, and other mixed stuff we ended up in a kind of odd scenario.

The current scenario is like this:

- DB has the correct tables
- DB can&#39;t be rolled back or dropped
- Code is up to date

- Migrations folder is ***behind*** the DB by one or two migrations. (These migrations were applied from somewhere else and that &quot;somewhere else&quot; doesn&#39;t exist anymore)

- I add and alter some models
- I run *makemigrations*
- New migrations are created, but it&#39;s a mix of new tables and some tables that already exist in the DB.
- If I run *migrate* it will complain that some of the tables that I&#39;m trying to create already exist.


What I need:


To be able to run the migrations and kind of &quot;ignore&quot; the existing tables and apply the new ones. Or any alternative way to achieve this.

Is that possible?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	wim	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	user2357112	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Re-assigning a name to itself

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

NSAttributedString, change the font overall BUT keep all other attributes?

Check if geo-point is inside or outside of polygon

Attributions