There is obviously another process listening on the port. You might find out that process by using the following command:

    $ lsof -i :8000

or change your tornado app&#39;s port. tornado&#39;s error info not **Explicitly** on this.

I&#39;m been using the default user model in django for quite a abit and I realize , if I need to further enhance it , I would have to create my own custom User Model in django 1.5 .

I created my custom user model and I have a function which allows users to sign in .
I think my custom user model is incompatible with my function because it wouldn&#39;t allow me to do request.user . How can I fix this so I can use request.user again?

views

     def LoginRequest(request):
             form = LoginForm(request.POST or None)    
     	if request.user.is_authenticated():
                 username = User.objects.get(username=request.user)
                 url = reverse(&#39;world:Profile&#39;, kwargs = {&#39;slug&#39;: person.slug})
                 return HttpResponseRedirect(url)		
             if request.POST and form.is_valid():
            
                 user = form.authenticate_user()
                 login(request, user)
          	    username= User.objects.get(username=request.user)
               	    person = Person.objects.get(user=request.user)
          	    url = reverse(&#39;world:Profile&#39;, kwargs = {&#39;slug&#39;: person.slug})
                 return HttpResponseRedirect(url)

     	return render(request, &#39;login.html&#39;,{&#39;form&#39;: form})
	

 
models

		

     class PersonManager(BaseUserManager):
         def create_user(self, email,date_of_birth, username,password=None,):
             if not email:
                 msg = &#39;Users must have an email address&#39;
                 raise ValueError(msg)
           
             if not username:
                  msg = &#39;This username is not valid&#39;
            raise ValueError(msg)
     
             if not date_of_birth:
                 msg = &#39;Please Verify Your DOB&#39;
                 raise ValueError(msg)

             user = self.model(
                 
     email=PersonManager.normalize_email(email),username=username,date_of_birth=date_of_birth)

             user.set_password(password)
             user.save(using=self._db)
             return user

         def create_superuser(self,email,username,password,date_of_birth):
             user = self.create_user(email,password=password,username=username,date_of_birth=date_of_birth)
             user.is_admin = True
             user.is_staff = True
             user.is_superuser = True
             user.save(using=self._db)
             return user


     class Person(AbstractBaseUser, PermissionsMixin):

         email = models.EmailField(verbose_name=&#39;email address&#39;,max_length=255,unique=True,db_index=True,)
         username = models.CharField(max_length=255, unique=True)
         date_of_birth = models.DateField()

         USERNAME_FIELD = &#39;email&#39;
         REQUIRED_FIELDS = [&#39;username&#39;, &#39;date_of_birth&#39;,]
       
         is_active = models.BooleanField(default=True)
         is_admin = models.BooleanField(default=False)
         is_staff = models.BooleanField(default=False)
       
         objects = PersonManager()
       
         def get_full_name(self):
             return self.email
            
         def get_short_name(self):
             return self.email

         def __unicode__(self):
             return self.email



Manager isn&#39;t available; User has been swapped for &#39;pet.Person&#39;

Is it good/bad/acceptable practice to pass the current object in a method call.  As in:

    public class Bar{
    	public Bar(){}
    	
    	public void foo(Baz baz){
    		//  modify some values of baz
    	}
    }
    
    public class Baz{
    	//constructor omitted
    	
    	public void method(){
    		Bar bar = new Bar();
    		bar.foo(this);
    	}
    }

Specifically, is the line `bar.foo(this)` acceptable?

Is passing &#39;this&#39; in a method call accepted practice in java

when i setup application.py, it shows that socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use.

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File &quot;application.py&quot;, line 121, in &lt;module&gt;
    main()
    File &quot;application.py&quot;, line 117, in main
    http_server.listen(options.port)
    File &quot;/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-3.1-py2.7.egg/tornado/tcpserver.py&quot;, line 117, in listen
    sockets = bind_sockets(port, address=address)
    File &quot;/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-3.1-py2.7.egg/tornado/netutil.py&quot;, line 90, in bind_sockets
    sock.bind(sockaddr)
    File &quot;/usr/local/lib/python2.7/socket.py&quot;, line 224, in meth
    return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args)
    socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use

python socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use

when i setup application.py, it shows that socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use.
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">Traceback (most recent call last):
File "application.py", line 121, in &#x3C;module>
main()
File "application.py", line 117, in main
http_server.listen(options.port)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-3.1-py2.7.egg/tornado/tcpserver.py", line 117, in listen
sockets = bind_sockets(port, address=address)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tornado-3.1-py2.7.egg/tornado/netutil.py", line 90, in bind_sockets
sock.bind(sockaddr)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/socket.py", line 224, in meth
return getattr(self._sock,name)(*args)
socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use
</code></pre>

In my script, `requests.get` never returns:

    import requests

    print (&quot;requesting..&quot;)
  
    # This call never returns!
    r = requests.get(
        &quot;http://www.some-site.com&quot;,
        proxies = {&#39;http&#39;: &#39;222.255.169.74:8080&#39;},
    )

    print(r.ok)

What could be the possible reason(s)? Any remedy? What is the default timeout that `get` uses?

Why doesn&#39;t requests.get() return? What is the default timeout that requests.get() uses?

    def gradient(X_norm,y,theta,alpha,m,n,num_it):
        temp=np.array(np.zeros_like(theta,float))
        for i in range(0,num_it):
            h=np.dot(X_norm,theta)
            #temp[j]=theta[j]-(alpha/m)*(  np.sum( (h-y)*X_norm[:,j][np.newaxis,:] )  )
            temp[0]=theta[0]-(alpha/m)*(np.sum(h-y))
            temp[1]=theta[1]-(alpha/m)*(np.sum((h-y)*X_norm[:,1]))
            theta=temp
        return theta
   
   

    X_norm,mean,std=featureScale(X)
    #length of X (number of rows)
    m=len(X)
    X_norm=np.array([np.ones(m),X_norm])
    n,m=np.shape(X_norm)
    num_it=1500
    alpha=0.01
    theta=np.zeros(n,float)[:,np.newaxis]
    X_norm=X_norm.transpose()
    theta=gradient(X_norm,y,theta,alpha,m,n,num_it)
    print theta

My theta from the above code is `100.2 100.2`, but it should be `100.2 61.09` in matlab which is correct.

gradient descent using python and numpy

I have a 60GB SciPy Array (Matrix) I must share between 5+ `multiprocessing` `Process` objects. I&#39;ve seen [numpy-sharedmem](numpy-sharedmem) and read [this discussion](http://grokbase.com/t/python/python-list/1144s75ps4/multiprocessing-shared-memory-vs-pickled-copies) on the SciPy list. There seem to be two approaches--`numpy-sharedmem` and using a `multiprocessing.RawArray()` and mapping NumPy `dtype`s to `ctype`s. Now, `numpy-sharedmem` seems to be the way to go, but I&#39;ve yet to see a good reference example. I don&#39;t need any kind of locks, since the array (actually a matrix) will be read-only. Now, due to its size, I&#39;d like to avoid a copy. It *sounds like* the correct method is to create the *only* copy of the array as a `sharedmem` array, and then pass it to the `Process` objects? A couple of specific questions:

1. What&#39;s the best way to actually pass the sharedmem handles to sub-`Process()`es? Do I need a queue just to pass one array around? Would a pipe be better? Can I just pass it as an argument to the `Process()` subclass&#39;s init (where I&#39;m assuming it&#39;s pickled)?

2. In the discussion I linked above, there&#39;s mention of `numpy-sharedmem` not being 64bit-safe? I&#39;m definitely using some structures that aren&#39;t 32-bit addressable.

3. Are there tradeoff&#39;s to the `RawArray()` approach? Slower, buggier?

4. Do I need any ctype-to-dtype mapping for the numpy-sharedmem method?

5. Does anyone have an example of some OpenSource code doing this? I&#39;m a very hands-on learned and it&#39;s hard to get this working without any kind of good example to look at.

If there&#39;s any additional info I can provide to help clarify this for others, please comment and I&#39;ll add. Thanks!

This needs to run on Ubuntu Linux and *Maybe* Mac OS, but portability isn&#39;t a huge concern.

Share Large, Read-Only Numpy Array Between Multiprocessing Processes

In python (for one figure created in a GUI) I was able to save the figure under .jpg and also .pdf by either using: 

    plt.savefig(filename1 +  &#39;.pdf&#39;)
or

    plt.savefig(filename1 +  &#39;.jpg&#39;)

Using one file I would like to save multiple figures in either .pdf or .jpg (just like its done in math lab). Can anybody please help with this?

Python saving multiple figures into one PDF file

I&#39;m writing selenium tests, with a set of classes, each class containing several tests.  Each class currently opens and then closes Firefox, which has two consequences:

- super slow, opening firefox takes longer than running the test in a class...
- crashes, because after firefox has been closed, trying to reopen it really quickly, from selenium, results in an &#39;Error 54&#39;

I could solve the error 54, probably, by adding a sleep, but it would still be super slow.

So, what I&#39;d like to do is reuse the same Firefox instances across *all* test classes.  Which means I need to run a method before all test classes, and another method after all test classes.  So, &#39;setup_class&#39; and &#39;teardown_class&#39; are not sufficient.


How to run a method before all tests in all classes?

It seems easy to get the 

    From
    To
    Subject

etc via

    import email
    b = email.message_from_string(a)
    bbb = b[&#39;from&#39;]
    ccc = b[&#39;to&#39;]

assuming that `&quot;a&quot;` is the raw-email string which looks something like this.


    a = &quot;&quot;&quot;From root@a1.local.tld Thu Jul 25 19:28:59 2013
    Received: from a1.local.tld (localhost [127.0.0.1])
    	by a1.local.tld (8.14.4/8.14.4) with ESMTP id r6Q2SxeQ003866
    	for &lt;ooo@a1.local.tld&gt;; Thu, 25 Jul 2013 19:28:59 -0700
    Received: (from root@localhost)
    	by a1.local.tld (8.14.4/8.14.4/Submit) id r6Q2Sxbh003865;
    	Thu, 25 Jul 2013 19:28:59 -0700
    From: root@a1.local.tld
    Subject: oooooooooooooooo
    To: ooo@a1.local.tld
    Cc: 
    X-Originating-IP: 192.168.15.127
    X-Mailer: Webmin 1.420
    Message-Id: &lt;1374805739.3861@a1&gt;
    Date: Thu, 25 Jul 2013 19:28:59 -0700 (PDT)
    MIME-Version: 1.0
    Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary=&quot;bound1374805739&quot;
    
    This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
    
    --bound1374805739
    Content-Type: text/plain
    Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
    
    ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    ooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
    
    --bound1374805739--&quot;&quot;&quot;


**THE QUESTION**

 how do you get the `Body` of this email via python ?

So far this is the only code i am aware of but i have yet to test it.


    if email.is_multipart():
        for part in email.get_payload():
            print part.get_payload()
    else:
        print email.get_payload()

is this the correct way ?

or maybe there is something simpler such as...

    import email
    b = email.message_from_string(a)
    bbb = b[&#39;body&#39;]

?

Python : How to parse the Body from a raw email , given that raw email does not have a &quot;Body&quot; tag or anything

Can&#39;t install via pip because of egg_info error

If I have a frame like this

```python
frame = pd.DataFrame({
    &quot;a&quot;: [&quot;the cat is blue&quot;, &quot;the sky is green&quot;, &quot;the dog is black&quot;]
})
```

and I want to check if any of those rows contain a certain word I just have to do this.

```python
frame[&quot;b&quot;] = (
   frame.a.str.contains(&quot;dog&quot;) |
   frame.a.str.contains(&quot;cat&quot;) |
   frame.a.str.contains(&quot;fish&quot;)
)
```

`frame[&quot;b&quot;]` outputs:

```none
0     True
1    False
2     True
Name: b, dtype: bool
```

If I decide to make a list:

```python
mylist = [&quot;dog&quot;, &quot;cat&quot;, &quot;fish&quot;]
```

How would I check that the rows contain a certain word in the list?


Check if a string in a Pandas DataFrame column is in a list of strings

I am using the PyQt library to take a screenshot of a webpage, then reading through a CSV file of different URLs. I am keeping a variable feed that incremements everytime a URL is processed and therefore should increment to the number of URLs.

Here&#39;s code:

    webpage = QWebPage()
    fo = open(&quot;C:/Users/Romi/Desktop/result1.txt&quot;, &quot;w&quot;)
    feed = 0
    def onLoadFinished(result):
        #fo.write( column1[feed])#, column2[feed], urls[feed])
       #feed = 0
       if not result:
            print &quot;Request failed&quot;
    	fo.write(column1[feed])
    	fo.write(&#39;,&#39;)
    	fo.write(column2[feed])
    	fo.write(&#39;,&#39;)
    	#fo.write(urls[feed])
    	fo.write(&#39;,&#39;)
    	fo.write(&#39;404,image not created\n&#39;)
    	feed = feed + 1
            sys.exit(1)
        	save_page(webpage, outputs.pop(0))   # pop output name from list and save
       if urls:
            url = urls.pop(0)   # pop next url to fetch from list
            webpage.mainFrame().load(QUrl(url))
    	fo.write(column1[feed])#,column2[feed],urls[feed],&#39;200&#39;,&#39;image created&#39;,&#39;/n&#39;)
    	fo.write(&#39;,&#39;)
    	fo.write(column2[feed])
    	fo.write(&#39;,&#39;)
    	#fo.write(urls[feed])
    	fo.write(&#39;,&#39;)
    	fo.write(&#39;200,image created\n&#39;)
    	feed = feed + 1
       else:
            app.quit()  # exit after last url
    
    webpage.connect(webpage, SIGNAL(&quot;loadFinished(bool)&quot;), onLoadFinished)
    webpage.mainFrame().load(QUrl(urls.pop(0)))
    #fo.close()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

It gives me the error:

    local variable feed referenced before the assignment at fo.write(column1[feed])#,column2[feed],urls[feed],&#39;200&#39;,&#39;image created&#39;,&#39;/n&#39;)

Any idea why?


Local variable referenced before assignment?

How to pass dictionary as command line argument to Python script?
I need to get dictionary where key is string and value is list of some elements 
– for example to look like:

    command_line_arguments = {&quot;names&quot; : [&quot;J.J.&quot;, &quot;April&quot;], &quot;years&quot; : [25, 29]}

I have tried like 

    if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
        args = dict([arg.split(&#39;=&#39;) for arg in sys.argv[2:]]) # also tried with 1 but doesn&#39;t work
        main(args)

and I am calling script like 

    $ python saver.py names=[&quot;J.J.&quot;, &quot;April&quot;] years=[25, 29]

but it doesn&#39;t work, dictionary has length 0 and need 2. Can anyone help me to pass and create dictionary in main.

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	emuu	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	the5fire	View Answer on Stackoverflow

python socket.error: [Errno 98] Address already in use

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Is passing 'this' in a method call accepted practice in java

Manager isn't available; User has been swapped for 'pet.Person'

Attributions