Yes, there is.  Use [`requests.Session`](https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#session-objects) and [it will do keep-alive by default](https://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#keep-alive).

I guess I should include a quick example:

    import logging
    import requests

    logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
    s = requests.Session()
    s.get(&#39;http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789&#39;)
    s.get(&#39;http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/anothercookie/123456789&#39;)
    r = s.get(&quot;http://httpbin.org/cookies&quot;)
    print(r.text)


You will note that these log message occur

    INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Starting new HTTP connection (1): httpbin.org
    DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:&quot;GET /cookies/set/sessioncookie/123456789 HTTP/1.1&quot; 302 223
    DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:&quot;GET /cookies HTTP/1.1&quot; 200 55
    DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:&quot;GET /cookies/set/anothercookie/123456789 HTTP/1.1&quot; 302 223
    DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:&quot;GET /cookies HTTP/1.1&quot; 200 90
    DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:&quot;GET /cookies HTTP/1.1&quot; 200 90

If you wait a little while, and repeat the last `get` call

    INFO:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:Resetting dropped connection: httpbin.org
    DEBUG:requests.packages.urllib3.connectionpool:&quot;GET /cookies HTTP/1.1&quot; 200 90

Note that it resets the dropped connection, i.e. reestablishing the connection to the server to make the new request.


Here is how my `WebFilter` looks like  

    @WebFilter(&quot;/rest/*&quot;)
    public class AuthTokenValidatorFilter implements Filter {
    
    	@Override
    	public void init(final FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void doFilter(final ServletRequest servletRequest, final ServletResponse servletResponse, final FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    		final Enumeration&lt;String&gt; attributeNames = servletRequest.getAttributeNames();
    		while (attributeNames.hasMoreElements()) {
    			System.out.println(&quot;{attribute} &quot; + servletRequest.getParameter(attributeNames.nextElement()));
    		}
    
    		final Enumeration&lt;String&gt; parameterNames = servletRequest.getParameterNames();
    		while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()) {
    			System.out.println(&quot;{parameter} &quot; + servletRequest.getParameter(parameterNames.nextElement()));
    		}
    		filterChain.doFilter(servletRequest, servletResponse);
    	}
    
    	@Override
    	public void destroy() {
    	}
    }

I tried to find out online as to how to get values for `HTTP headers` coming from request.  

I did not find anything, so I tried to enumerate on `servletRequest.getAttributeNames()` and `servletRequest.getParameterNames()` without knowing anything, but I do not get any headers.

**Question**  
How can I get all the headers coming from the request?

Servlet Filter: How to get all the headers from servletRequest?

I haven&#39;t found a suitable solution to this and it seems so trivial.


I have two columns inside a row:

    &lt;div class=&quot;row&quot;&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;col-xs-9&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;left-side&quot;&gt;
          &lt;p&gt;sdfsdf&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;p&gt;sdfsdf&lt;/p&gt;
          &lt;p&gt;sdfsdf&lt;/p&gt;
        &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;div class=&quot;col-xs-3&quot;&gt;
        &lt;div class=&quot;something&quot;&gt;asdfdf&lt;/div&gt;
      &lt;/div&gt;
    &lt;/div&gt;

The row height is set by the larger row, `left-side`. However, I want the right side&#39;s height to be the same.

This seems intuitive, but it doesn&#39;t work

    .left-side {
        background-color: blue;
    }
    .something {
        height: 100%;
        background-color: red;
    }
    .row {
        background-color: green;
    }

http://jsfiddle.net/ccorcos/jz8j247x/

How to make bootstrap column height to 100% row height?

In the HTTP protocol you can send many requests in one socket using keep-alive and then receive the response from server at once, so that will significantly speed up whole process. Is there any way to do this in python requests lib? Or are there any other ways to speed this up that well using requests lib?

Python requests speed up using keep-alive

<p>In the HTTP protocol you can send many requests in one socket using keep-alive and then receive the response from server at once, so that will significantly speed up whole process. Is there any way to do this in python requests lib? Or are there any other ways to speed this up that well using requests lib?</p>


I have one figure which contains many subplots.

    fig = plt.figure(num=None, figsize=(26, 12), dpi=80, facecolor=&#39;w&#39;, edgecolor=&#39;k&#39;)
    fig.canvas.set_window_title(&#39;Window Title&#39;)
    
    # Returns the Axes instance
    ax = fig.add_subplot(311) 
    ax2 = fig.add_subplot(312) 
    ax3 = fig.add_subplot(313) 

How do I add titles to the subplots?

`fig.suptitle` adds a title to all graphs and although `ax.set_title()` exists, the latter does not add any title to my subplots. 

Thank you for your help.

Edit:
Corrected typo about `set_title()`. Thanks Rutger Kassies 

How to add title to subplots in Matplotlib

I&#39;ve got pandas data with some columns of text type. There are some NaN values along with these text columns. What I&#39;m trying to do is to impute those NaN&#39;s by `sklearn.preprocessing.Imputer` (replacing NaN by the most frequent value). The problem is in implementation.
Suppose there is a Pandas dataframe df with 30 columns, 10 of which are of categorical nature.
Once I run:
    
    from sklearn.preprocessing import Imputer
    imp = Imputer(missing_values=&#39;NaN&#39;, strategy=&#39;most_frequent&#39;, axis=0)
    imp.fit(df) 

Python generates an `error: &#39;could not convert string to float: &#39;run1&#39;&#39;`, where &#39;run1&#39; is an ordinary (non-missing) value from the first column with categorical data.

Any help would be very welcome

Impute categorical missing values in scikit-learn

I am retrieving Twitter data with a Python tool and dump these in JSON format to my disk. I noticed an unintended escaping of the entire data-string for a tweet being enclosed in double quotes. Furthermore, all double quotes of the actual JSON formatting are escaped with a backslash.

They look like this:

&gt; &quot;{\&quot;created_at\&quot;:\&quot;Fri Aug 08 11:04:40 +0000
&gt; 2014\&quot;,\&quot;id\&quot;:497699913925292032,

How do I avoid that? It should be:

&gt; {&quot;created_at&quot;:&quot;Fri Aug 08 11:04:40 +0000 2014&quot; .....

My file-out code looks like this:

    with io.open(&#39;data&#39;+self.timestamp+&#39;.txt&#39;, &#39;a&#39;, encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;) as f:
      			f.write(unicode(json.dumps(data, ensure_ascii=False)))
      			f.write(unicode(&#39;\n&#39;))

The unintended escaping causes problems when reading in the JSON file in a later processing step.

Dump to JSON adds additional double quotes and escaping of quotes

I want to be able to have two instances which are completely independent in the sense that I can be working on two separate unrelated projects in different folders without any interference.

How do I run two separate instances of Spyder

This seems like a ridiculously easy question... but I&#39;m not seeing the easy answer I was expecting.

So, how do I get the value at an nth row of a given column in Pandas? (I am particularly interested in the first row, but would be interested in a more general practice as well).

For example, let&#39;s say I want to pull the 1.2 value in `Btime` as a variable.

Whats the right way to do this?

```python
&gt;&gt;&gt; df_test
    ATime   X   Y   Z   Btime  C   D   E
0    1.2  2  15   2    1.2  12  25  12
1    1.4  3  12   1    1.3  13  22  11
2    1.5  1  10   6    1.4  11  20  16
3    1.6  2   9  10    1.7  12  29  12
4    1.9  1   1   9    1.9  11  21  19
5    2.0  0   0   0    2.0   8  10  11
6    2.4  0   0   0    2.4  10  12  15
```

Get first row value of a given column

A REST API can have arguments in several places:

 1. **In the request body** - As part of a json body, or other MIME type
 2. **In the [query string][1]** - e.g. `/api/resource?p1=v1&amp;p2=v2`
 3. **As part of the URL-path** - e.g. `/api/resource/v1/v2`

**What are the best practices and considerations of choosing between 1 and 2 above?**&lt;br&gt;
2 vs 3 is covered [here][2].



  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query_string
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4024271/rest-api-best-practices-where-to-put-parameters

REST API Best practices: args in query string vs in request body

I have already googled a lot this subject, read various articles about this header, its use in Heroku, and projects based on Django.

However, it&#39;s still all confused in my head.

  - What is the purpose of this header?
  - Does it violate user privacy?
  - Can it help tracking a user?

What is the X-REQUEST-ID http header?

I&#39;m learning Apigility ([Apigility docu -&gt; REST Service Tutorial](https://www.apigility.org/documentation/intro/first-rest-service)) and trying to send a POST request with basic authentication via cURL:

    $ curl -X POST -i -H &quot;Content-Type: application/hal+json&quot; -H &quot;Authorization: Basic YXBpdXNlcjphcGlwd2Q=&quot; http://apigilityhw.sandbox.loc/status

`YXBpdXNlcjphcGlwd2Q=` is the base 64 encoded string with my credentials `apiuser:apipwd`. The credentials are saved in the `/data/htpasswd` (`apiuser:$apr1$3J4cyqEw$WKga3rQMkxvnevMuBaekg/`).

The looks like this:

    HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
    Server: nginx/1.4.7
    Date: Mon, 22 Sep 2014 07:48:47 GMT
    Content-Type: application/problem+json
    Transfer-Encoding: chunked
    Connection: keep-alive
    X-Powered-By: PHP/5.5.12-1~dotdeb.1
    WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm=&quot;api&quot;

Where is the mistake here? How to get it work?

How to define the basic HTTP authentication using cURL correctly?

Let&#39;s say I have an API where you can get users:

    GET /RESTAPI/user/

And you can delete users by:

    DELETE /RESTAPI/user/123

What is the *RESTful convention* on what the DELETE&#39;s response body should contain?
I expected it should be the new list of all users which now doesn&#39;t contain the user with id 123 anymore.

Googling around didn&#39;t get me any satisfying answers. I only found opinions on how to do that, **but isn&#39;t there a strict definition of RESTful Services**?


This is NOT a duplicate of https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7955469/what-should-a-restful-api-post-delete-return-in-the-body and https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4268707/what-rest-put-post-delete-calls-should-return-by-a-convention
since this questions asks for a strict definition regarding DELETE. Those questions were answered by loose opinions only.

RESTful - What should a DELETE response body contain

I am playing around with Nodejs and express by building a small rest API. My question is, what is the good practice/best way to set the code status, as well as the response data?

Let me explain with a little bit of code (I will not put the node and express code necessary to start the server, just the router methods that are concerned):

    router.get(&#39;/users/:id&#39;, function(req, res, next) {
      var user = users.getUserById(req.params.id);
      res.json(user);
    });


    exports.getUserById = function(id) {
      for (var i = 0; i &lt; users.length; i++) {
        if (users[i].id == id) return users[i];
      }
    };

The code below works perfectly, and when sending a request with Postman, I get the following result:
![enter image description here][1]

As you can see, the status shows 200, which is OK. But is this the best way to do this? Is there a case where I should have to set the status myself, as well as the returned JSON? Or is that always handled by express?

For example, I just made a quick test and slightly modified the get method above:

    router.get(&#39;/users/:id&#39;, function(req, res, next) {
      var user = users.getUserById(req.params.id);
      if (user == null || user == &#39;undefined&#39;) {
        res.status(404);
      }
      res.json(user);
    });

As you can see, if the user is not found in the array, I will just set a status of 404.

Resources/advices to learn more about this topic are more than welcome.


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/0EMs8.png

Proper way to set response status and JSON content in a REST API made with nodejs and express

I am trying to use the Requests framework with python (http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/) but the page I am trying to get to uses javascript to fetch the info that I want. 

I have tried to search on the web for a solution but the fact that I am searching with the keyword javascript most of the stuff I am getting is how to scrape with the javascript language.

Is there anyway to use the requests framework with pages that use javascript?



Using python Requests with javascript pages

What is the difference between the data and json parameters in the python Requests package?

It is unclear from [the documentation][1]


  [1]: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/api/

Does this code:

    import requests
    import json
    d = {&#39;a&#39;: 1}
    response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(d))

**Note that we convert the `dict` to JSON here ☝️ !**

Do anything different than:

    import requests
    import json
    d = {&#39;a&#39;: 1}
    response = requests.post(url, json=d)

If so, what?  Does the latter automatically set the `content-type` in the header to `application/json`?

Difference between data and json parameters in python requests package

I&#39;m trying to use basic HTTP authentication in python. I am using the [Requests library][1]:

    auth = requests.post(&#39;http://&#39; + hostname, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password))
    request = requests.get(&#39;http://&#39; + hostname + &#39;/rest/applications&#39;)
Response form &lt;b&gt;auth&lt;/b&gt; variable:&lt;br&gt;

    &lt;&lt;class &#39;requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar&#39;&gt;[&lt;Cookie JSESSIONID=cb10906c6219c07f887dff5312fb for appdynamics/controller&gt;]&gt;
    200
    CaseInsensitiveDict({&#39;content-encoding&#39;: &#39;gzip&#39;, &#39;x-powered-by&#39;: &#39;JSP/2.2&#39;, &#39;transfer-encoding&#39;: &#39;chunked&#39;, &#39;set-cookie&#39;: &#39;JSESSIONID=cb10906c6219c07f887dff5312fb; Path=/controller; HttpOnly&#39;, &#39;expires&#39;: &#39;Wed, 05 Nov 2014 19:03:37 GMT&#39;, &#39;server&#39;: &#39;nginx/1.1.19&#39;, &#39;connection&#39;: &#39;keep-alive&#39;, &#39;pragma&#39;: &#39;no-cache&#39;, &#39;cache-control&#39;: &#39;max-age=78000&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;Tue, 04 Nov 2014 21:23:37 GMT&#39;, &#39;content-type&#39;: &#39;text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1&#39;})
But when I try to get data from different location, - I&#39;m got 401 error

    &lt;&lt;class &#39;requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar&#39;&gt;[]&gt;
    401
    CaseInsensitiveDict({&#39;content-length&#39;: &#39;1073&#39;, &#39;x-powered-by&#39;: &#39;Servlet/3.0 JSP/2.2 (GlassFish Server Open Source Edition 3.1.2.2 Java/Oracle Corporation/1.7)&#39;, &#39;expires&#39;: &#39;Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC&#39;, &#39;server&#39;: &#39;nginx/1.1.19&#39;, &#39;connection&#39;: &#39;keep-alive&#39;, &#39;pragma&#39;: &#39;No-cache&#39;, &#39;cache-control&#39;: &#39;no-cache&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;Tue, 04 Nov 2014 21:23:37 GMT&#39;, &#39;content-type&#39;: &#39;text/html&#39;, &#39;www-authenticate&#39;: &#39;Basic realm=&quot;controller_realm&quot;&#39;})

 
As far as I understand - in second request are not substituted session parameters. 


  [1]: https://docs.python-requests.org/

How do I use basic HTTP authentication with the python Requests library?

I want to get the content from [this][1] website. 

If I use a browser like Firefox or Chrome I could get the real website page I want, but if I use the Python requests package (or `wget` command) to get it, it returns a totally different HTML page. 

I thought the developer of the website had made some blocks for this.

## Question ## 

**How do I fake a browser visit by using python requests or command wget?**


  [1]: http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html

How to use Python requests to fake a browser visit a.k.a and generate User Agent?

I am getting an url with:

    r = requests.get(&quot;http://myserver.com&quot;)

As I can see in the &#39;access.log&#39; of &quot;myserver.com&quot;, the client&#39;s system proxy is used. But I want to disable using proxies at all with `requests`.



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	PaulOverflow	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	metatoaster	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Python requests speed up using keep-alive

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

How to make bootstrap column height to 100% row height?

Servlet Filter: How to get all the headers from servletRequest?

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