Alternatively, you can use [`requests.Session`][1] and observe `cookies` before and after a request:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; import requests
    &gt;&gt;&gt; session = requests.Session()
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print(session.cookies.get_dict())
    {}
    &gt;&gt;&gt; response = session.get(&#39;http://google.com&#39;)
    &gt;&gt;&gt; print(session.cookies.get_dict())
    {&#39;PREF&#39;: &#39;ID=5514c728c9215a9a:FF=0:TM=1406958091:LM=1406958091:S=KfAG0U9jYhrB0XNf&#39;, &#39;NID&#39;: &#39;67=TVMYiq2wLMNvJi5SiaONeIQVNqxSc2RAwVrCnuYgTQYAHIZAGESHHPL0xsyM9EMpluLDQgaj3db_V37NjvshV-eoQdA8u43M8UwHMqZdL-S2gjho8j0-Fe1XuH5wYr9v&#39;}


  [1]: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/advanced/#session-objects

If you need the `path` and the`domain` for each cookie, which `get_dict()` is not exposes, you can parse the cookies manually, for instance:

    [
        {&#39;name&#39;: c.name, &#39;value&#39;: c.value, &#39;domain&#39;: c.domain, &#39;path&#39;: c.path}
        for c in session.cookies
    ]

I know using:

    User::firstOrCreate(array(&#39;name&#39; =&gt; $input[&#39;name&#39;], &#39;email&#39; =&gt; $input[&#39;email&#39;], &#39;password&#39; =&gt; $input[&#39;password&#39;]));

Checks whether the user exists first, if not it creates it, but how does it check? Does it check on all the params provided or is there a way to specifiy a specific param, e.g. can I just check that the email address exists, and not the name - as two users may have the same name but their email address needs to be unique.

First Or Create

What I would like to achieve with lambda indentation is the following:


Multi-line statement:

	String[] ppl = new String[] { &quot;Karen (F)&quot;, &quot;Kevin (M)&quot;, &quot;Lee (M)&quot;, &quot;Joan (F)&quot;, &quot;Des (M)&quot;, &quot;Rick (M)&quot; };
	List&lt;String&gt; strings = Arrays.stream(ppl)
                             .filter(
                                 (x) -&gt; 
                                 {
                                     return x.contains(&quot;(M)&quot;);
	                             }
	                         ).collect(Collectors.toList());
	strings.stream().forEach(System.out::println);

Single-line statement:

    List&lt;String&gt; strings = Arrays.stream(ppl)
                             .map((x) -&gt; x.toUpperCase())
                             .filter((x) -&gt; x.contains(&quot;(M)&quot;))
                             .collect(Collectors.toList());
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Currently, Eclipse is auto-formatting to the following:

Multi-line statement:

    String[] ppl = new String[] { &quot;Karen (F)&quot;, &quot;Kevin (M)&quot;, &quot;Lee (M)&quot;, &quot;Joan (F)&quot;, &quot;Des (M)&quot;, &quot;Rick (M)&quot; };
    List&lt;String&gt; strings = Arrays.stream(ppl).filter((x) -&gt;
    {
        return x.contains(&quot;(M)&quot;);
    }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    strings.stream().forEach(System.out::println);

Single-line statement:

    String[] ppl = new String[] { &quot;Karen (F)&quot;, &quot;Kevin (M)&quot;, &quot;Lee (M)&quot;, &quot;Joan (F)&quot;, &quot;Des(M)&quot;, &quot;Rick (M)&quot; };
    List&lt;String&gt; strings = Arrays.stream(ppl).map((x) -&gt; x.toUpperCase())
            .filter((x) -&gt; x.contains(&quot;(M)&quot;)).collect(Collectors.toList());
    strings.stream().forEach(System.out::println);

And I find this really messy, because of how the `collect` call is directly underneath the `return` and there&#39;s no space inbetween at all. I would prefer it if I could start the lambda in a new line indented, and so that the `.filter(` call would be right above the `.collect(` call. However, the only thing that can be customized with standard Java-8 Eclipse Formatter is the brace at the start of the lambda body, but nothing for the `()` brackets beforehand, nor the indentation. 

And in the case of single-line calls, it just uses the basic line-wrap and makes it be a chained mess. I don&#39;t think I need to explain why this is hard to decrypt afterwards.

Is there any way to somehow customize the formatting more and achieve the first formatting type in Eclipse? (Or, optionally, in another IDE like IntelliJ IDEA.)



&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
EDIT: The closest I could get was with IntelliJ IDEA 13 Community Edition (read: free edition :P) which was the following (defined by continuous indentation which in this case is 8):

    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int[] x = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
        int sum = Arrays.stream(x)
                .map((n) -&gt; n * 5)
                .filter((n) -&gt; {
                    System.out.println(&quot;Filtering: &quot; + n);
                    return n % 3 != 0;
                })
                .reduce(0, Integer::sum);

        List&lt;Integer&gt; list = Arrays.stream(x)
                .filter((n) -&gt; n % 2 == 0)
                .map((n) -&gt; n * 4)
                .boxed()
                .collect(Collectors.toList());
        list.forEach(System.out::println);
        System.out.println(sum);    

It also allows to &quot;align&quot; the chained method invocation like this:

        int sum = Arrays.stream(x)
                        .map((n) -&gt; n * 5)
                        .filter((n) -&gt; {
                            System.out.println(&quot;Filtering: &quot; + n);
                            return n % 3 != 0;
                        })
                        .reduce(0, Integer::sum);


        List&lt;Integer&gt; list = Arrays.stream(x)
                                   .filter((n) -&gt; n % 2 == 0)
                                   .map((n) -&gt; n * 4)
                                   .boxed()
                                   .collect(Collectors.toList());
        list.forEach(System.out::println);
        System.out.println(sum);
    }

I personally find that while it makes more sense, the second version pushes it far too away, so I prefer the first one.

The setup responsible for the first setup is the following:

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;code_scheme name=&quot;Zhuinden&quot;&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;JD_ALIGN_PARAM_COMMENTS&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;JD_ALIGN_EXCEPTION_COMMENTS&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;JD_ADD_BLANK_AFTER_PARM_COMMENTS&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;JD_ADD_BLANK_AFTER_RETURN&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;JD_P_AT_EMPTY_LINES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;JD_PARAM_DESCRIPTION_ON_NEW_LINE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;option name=&quot;WRAP_COMMENTS&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;codeStyleSettings language=&quot;JAVA&quot;&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;KEEP_FIRST_COLUMN_COMMENT&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;BRACE_STYLE&quot; value=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;CLASS_BRACE_STYLE&quot; value=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;METHOD_BRACE_STYLE&quot; value=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;ELSE_ON_NEW_LINE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;WHILE_ON_NEW_LINE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;CATCH_ON_NEW_LINE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;FINALLY_ON_NEW_LINE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;ALIGN_MULTILINE_PARAMETERS&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_WITHIN_BRACES&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_IF_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_WHILE_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_FOR_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_TRY_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_CATCH_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_SWITCH_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_SYNCHRONIZED_PARENTHESES&quot; value=&quot;false&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;SPACE_BEFORE_ARRAY_INITIALIZER_LBRACE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;METHOD_PARAMETERS_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;EXTENDS_LIST_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;THROWS_LIST_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;EXTENDS_KEYWORD_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;THROWS_KEYWORD_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;METHOD_CALL_CHAIN_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;BINARY_OPERATION_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;BINARY_OPERATION_SIGN_ON_NEXT_LINE&quot; value=&quot;true&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;ASSIGNMENT_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;IF_BRACE_FORCE&quot; value=&quot;3&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;DOWHILE_BRACE_FORCE&quot; value=&quot;3&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;WHILE_BRACE_FORCE&quot; value=&quot;3&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;FOR_BRACE_FORCE&quot; value=&quot;3&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;PARAMETER_ANNOTATION_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;VARIABLE_ANNOTATION_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;
        &lt;option name=&quot;ENUM_CONSTANTS_WRAP&quot; value=&quot;2&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/codeStyleSettings&gt;
    &lt;/code_scheme&gt;

I tried to make sure everything is reasonable, but I might have messed something up, so it might need minor adjustments.

If you&#39;re Hungarian like me and you&#39;re using a Hungarian layout, then this keymap might be of use to you, so that you don&#39;t end up not being able to use AltGR+F, AltGR+G, AltGR+B, AltGR+N and AltGR+M (which correspond to Ctrl+Alt).

    &lt;?xml version=&quot;1.0&quot; encoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;?&gt;
    &lt;keymap version=&quot;1&quot; name=&quot;Default copy&quot; parent=&quot;$default&quot;&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;ExtractMethod&quot;&gt;
        &lt;keyboard-shortcut first-keystroke=&quot;shift control M&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;GotoImplementation&quot;&gt;
        &lt;mouse-shortcut keystroke=&quot;control alt button1&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;GotoLine&quot;&gt;
        &lt;keyboard-shortcut first-keystroke=&quot;shift control G&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;Inline&quot;&gt;
        &lt;keyboard-shortcut first-keystroke=&quot;shift control O&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;IntroduceField&quot;&gt;
        &lt;keyboard-shortcut first-keystroke=&quot;shift control D&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;Mvc.RunTarget&quot;&gt;
        &lt;keyboard-shortcut first-keystroke=&quot;shift control P&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;StructuralSearchPlugin.StructuralReplaceAction&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;action id=&quot;Synchronize&quot;&gt;
        &lt;keyboard-shortcut first-keystroke=&quot;shift control Y&quot; /&gt;
      &lt;/action&gt;
    &lt;/keymap&gt;

While IntelliJ doesn&#39;t seem to provide a way to put the opening brace of the lambda in a new line, otherwise it&#39;s a fairly reasonable way of formatting, so I&#39;ll mark this as accepted.

Java 8: Formatting lambda with newlines and indentation

    x = requests.post(url, data=data)
    print x.cookies

I used the requests library to get some cookies from a website, but I can only get the cookies
from the Response, how to get the cookies from the Request? Thanks!


python requests get cookies

<pre><code class="hljs language-ini"><span class="hljs-attr">x</span> = requests.post(url, data=data)
print x.cookies
</code></pre>
<p>I used the requests library to get some cookies from a website, but I can only get the cookies
from the Response, how to get the cookies from the Request? Thanks!</p>


This is the package I&#39;m interested in:

*[Django filebrowser no Grappelli][1]*

However, the latest version no longer supports Django 1.3. I need to find a version that does.
How do I see a list of older versions?

  [1]: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/django-filebrowser-no-grappelli/




pypi see older versions of package

I have a Series that looks the following:

       col
    0  B
    1  B
    2  A
    3  A
    4  A
    5  B

It&#39;s a time series, therefore the index is ordered by time.

For each row, I&#39;d like to count how many times the value has appeared consecutively, i.e.:

Output:

       col count
    0  B   1
    1  B   2
    2  A   1 # Value does not match previous row =&gt; reset counter to 1
    3  A   2
    4  A   3
    5  B   1 # Value does not match previous row =&gt; reset counter to 1

I found 2 related questions, but I can&#39;t figure out how to &quot;write&quot; that information as a new column in the DataFrame, for each row (as above). Using rolling_apply does not work well.

Related: 

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/21264291/counting-consecutive-events-on-pandas-dataframe-by-their-index

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14358567/finding-consecutive-segments-in-a-pandas-data-frame


Pandas: conditional rolling count

Here is my df:
 
                                 Net   Upper   Lower  Mid  Zsore
    Answer option                                                
    More than once a day          0%   0.22%  -0.12%   2    65 
    Once a day                    0%   0.32%  -0.19%   3    45
    Several times a week          2%   2.45%   1.10%   4    78
    Once a week                   1%   1.63%  -0.40%   6    65

How can I move a column by name (`&quot;Mid&quot;`) to the front of the table, index 0. This is what the result should look like:

                                 Mid   Upper   Lower  Net  Zsore
    Answer option                                                
    More than once a day          2   0.22%  -0.12%   0%    65 
    Once a day                    3   0.32%  -0.19%   0%    45
    Several times a week          4   2.45%   1.10%   2%    78
    Once a week                   6   1.63%  -0.40%   1%    65

My current code moves the column by index using `df.columns.tolist()` but I&#39;d like to shift it by name. 

Move column by name to front of table in pandas

Assume I have a DataFrame `sales` of timestamp values:

    timestamp               sales_office
    2014-01-01 09:01:00     Cincinnati
    2014-01-01 09:11:00     San Francisco
    2014-01-01 15:22:00     Chicago
    2014-01-01 19:01:00     Chicago

I would like to create a new column `time_hour`. I can create it by writing a short function as so and using `apply()` to apply it iteratively:

    def hr_func(ts):
        return ts.hour
    
    sales[&#39;time_hour&#39;] = sales[&#39;timestamp&#39;].apply(hr_func)

I would then see this result:

    timestamp               sales_office         time_hour
    2014-01-01 09:01:00     Cincinnati           9
    2014-01-01 09:11:00     San Francisco        9
    2014-01-01 15:22:00     Chicago              15
    2014-01-01 19:01:00     Chicago              19

What I&#39;d _like_ to achieve is some shorter transformation like this (which I know is erroneous but gets at the spirit):

    sales[&#39;time_hour&#39;] = sales[&#39;timestamp&#39;].hour

Obviously the column is of type `Series` and as such doesn&#39;t have those attributes, but it seems there&#39;s a simpler way to make use of matrix operations.

Is there a more-direct approach?

Pandas: Return Hour from Datetime Column Directly

Every time I open a Python file PyCharm will hide all imports and shows:

    import ...

within the editor.

I have to manually unfold it to see the imports. Where do I find the setting to undo auto-hiding of `import` statements?

How do I make pyCharm stop hiding (unfold) my Python imports?

In the HTTP protocol you can send many requests in one socket using keep-alive and then receive the response from server at once, so that will significantly speed up whole process. Is there any way to do this in python requests lib? Or are there any other ways to speed this up that well using requests lib?

Python requests speed up using keep-alive

I am trying to use the Requests framework with python (http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/) but the page I am trying to get to uses javascript to fetch the info that I want. 

I have tried to search on the web for a solution but the fact that I am searching with the keyword javascript most of the stuff I am getting is how to scrape with the javascript language.

Is there anyway to use the requests framework with pages that use javascript?



Using python Requests with javascript pages

What is the difference between the data and json parameters in the python Requests package?

It is unclear from [the documentation][1]


  [1]: http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/api/

Does this code:

    import requests
    import json
    d = {&#39;a&#39;: 1}
    response = requests.post(url, data=json.dumps(d))

**Note that we convert the `dict` to JSON here ☝️ !**

Do anything different than:

    import requests
    import json
    d = {&#39;a&#39;: 1}
    response = requests.post(url, json=d)

If so, what?  Does the latter automatically set the `content-type` in the header to `application/json`?

Difference between data and json parameters in python requests package

I&#39;m trying to use basic HTTP authentication in python. I am using the [Requests library][1]:

    auth = requests.post(&#39;http://&#39; + hostname, auth=HTTPBasicAuth(user, password))
    request = requests.get(&#39;http://&#39; + hostname + &#39;/rest/applications&#39;)
Response form &lt;b&gt;auth&lt;/b&gt; variable:&lt;br&gt;

    &lt;&lt;class &#39;requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar&#39;&gt;[&lt;Cookie JSESSIONID=cb10906c6219c07f887dff5312fb for appdynamics/controller&gt;]&gt;
    200
    CaseInsensitiveDict({&#39;content-encoding&#39;: &#39;gzip&#39;, &#39;x-powered-by&#39;: &#39;JSP/2.2&#39;, &#39;transfer-encoding&#39;: &#39;chunked&#39;, &#39;set-cookie&#39;: &#39;JSESSIONID=cb10906c6219c07f887dff5312fb; Path=/controller; HttpOnly&#39;, &#39;expires&#39;: &#39;Wed, 05 Nov 2014 19:03:37 GMT&#39;, &#39;server&#39;: &#39;nginx/1.1.19&#39;, &#39;connection&#39;: &#39;keep-alive&#39;, &#39;pragma&#39;: &#39;no-cache&#39;, &#39;cache-control&#39;: &#39;max-age=78000&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;Tue, 04 Nov 2014 21:23:37 GMT&#39;, &#39;content-type&#39;: &#39;text/html;charset=ISO-8859-1&#39;})
But when I try to get data from different location, - I&#39;m got 401 error

    &lt;&lt;class &#39;requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar&#39;&gt;[]&gt;
    401
    CaseInsensitiveDict({&#39;content-length&#39;: &#39;1073&#39;, &#39;x-powered-by&#39;: &#39;Servlet/3.0 JSP/2.2 (GlassFish Server Open Source Edition 3.1.2.2 Java/Oracle Corporation/1.7)&#39;, &#39;expires&#39;: &#39;Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 UTC&#39;, &#39;server&#39;: &#39;nginx/1.1.19&#39;, &#39;connection&#39;: &#39;keep-alive&#39;, &#39;pragma&#39;: &#39;No-cache&#39;, &#39;cache-control&#39;: &#39;no-cache&#39;, &#39;date&#39;: &#39;Tue, 04 Nov 2014 21:23:37 GMT&#39;, &#39;content-type&#39;: &#39;text/html&#39;, &#39;www-authenticate&#39;: &#39;Basic realm=&quot;controller_realm&quot;&#39;})

 
As far as I understand - in second request are not substituted session parameters. 


  [1]: https://docs.python-requests.org/

How do I use basic HTTP authentication with the python Requests library?

I want to get the content from [this][1] website. 

If I use a browser like Firefox or Chrome I could get the real website page I want, but if I use the Python requests package (or `wget` command) to get it, it returns a totally different HTML page. 

I thought the developer of the website had made some blocks for this.

## Question ## 

**How do I fake a browser visit by using python requests or command wget?**


  [1]: http://www.ichangtou.com/#company:data_000008.html

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Danfi	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	alecxe	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Or Duan	View Answer on Stackoverflow

python requests get cookies

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Java 8: Formatting lambda with newlines and indentation

First Or Create

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