*It is not on PyPI and you should not be installing it via `pip`*. If you have `matplotlib` installed, you should be able to import `mpl_toolkits` directly:

    $ pip install --upgrade matplotlib
    ...
    
    $ python
    &gt;&gt;&gt; import mpl_toolkits
    &gt;&gt;&gt; 

It doesn&#39;t work on *Ubuntu 16.04*, it seems that some libraries have been forgotten in the python installation package on this one. You should use package manager instead.

Solution
--------

Uninstall *matplotlib* from *pip* then install it again with *apt-get*

**python 2:**


    sudo pip uninstall matplotlib
    sudo apt-get install python-matplotlib


**python 3:**


    sudo pip3 uninstall matplotlib
    sudo apt-get install python3-matplotlib




if anyone has a problem on Mac, can try this

    sudo pip install --upgrade matplotlib --ignore-installed six

I can&#39;t comment due to the lack of reputation, but if you are on arch linux, you should be able to find the corresponding libraries on the arch repositories directly. For example for `mpl_toolkits.basemap`:

    pacman -S python-basemap

I&#39;ve these two database tables:

1. User Tables
2. Partner Tables

**User Tables** will handle this kind of informations

    Schema::create(&#39;users&#39;, function (Blueprint $table) {
          $table-&gt;increments(&#39;id&#39;)-&gt;unique();
          $table-&gt;string(&#39;email&#39;)-&gt;unique();
          $table-&gt;string(&#39;username&#39;)-&gt;unique();
          $table-&gt;string(&#39;password&#39;, 60);
          $table-&gt;string(&#39;photo&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
          $table-&gt;integer(&#39;partner_id&#39;)-&gt;unsigned();
          $table-&gt;foreign(&#39;partner_id&#39;)-&gt;references(&#39;id&#39;)-&gt;on(&#39;partners&#39;);
          $table-&gt;rememberToken();
          $table-&gt;timestamps();
    });

While **Partner Tables** will contains all the user meta information such as first name and last name, etc.

    Schema::create(&#39;partners&#39;, function (Blueprint $table) {
    
        /**
         * Identity Columns
         */
        $table-&gt;increments(&#39;id&#39;)-&gt;unique();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;first_name&#39;);
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;middle_name&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;last_name&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;display_name&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;email&#39;)-&gt;unique()-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;website&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;phone&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;mobile&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;fax&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;date(&#39;birthdate&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;longText(&#39;bio&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;lang&#39;)-&gt;nullable(); //Language
    
        /**
         * Address Columns
         */
        $table-&gt;text(&#39;street&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;text(&#39;street2&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;integer(&#39;country_id&#39;)-&gt;unsigned(); // foreign
        $table-&gt;foreign(&#39;country_id&#39;)-&gt;references(&#39;id&#39;)-&gt;on(&#39;countries&#39;);
        $table-&gt;integer(&#39;state_id&#39;)-&gt;unsigned();   // foreign
        $table-&gt;foreign(&#39;state_id&#39;)-&gt;references(&#39;id&#39;)-&gt;on(&#39;country_states&#39;);
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;city&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;district&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;area&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
        $table-&gt;string(&#39;zip&#39;)-&gt;nullable();
    });

When a user is register to the site I only want few fields which are, `username`, `email address`, `password`, `first name` and `last name`. These are only the required fields.

So information in partner tables can be filled later after the user have finish registering to the site.

But due to the structure of foreign key, I cannot proceed any further because of this error :

    SQLSTATE[23000]: Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails (`mytable`.`tbl_partners`, CONSTRAINT `partners_country_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`country_id`) REFERENCES `tbl_countries` (`id`)) (SQL: insert into `tbl_partners` (`first_name`, `last_name`, `display_name`, `email`, `updated_at`, `created_at`) values (Jack, Wilson, admin, admin@example.com, 2016-06-09 19:41:18, 2016-06-09 19:41:18))

I know this is cause by the countries table which is required by the partner table.  
My question is : is there a work around so I can fill the country or any other non required data on partner table but keep the foreign table schema for countries, states, etc.

Laravel Database Schema, Nullable Foreign

I don&#39;t understand what is wrong. I checked other forum talking about transpilation and babel. What do I have to do?

    node -v
    v5.5.0

my code:

    import recast from &#39;recastai&#39;

and the error




    (function (exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) { import recast from &#39;module1&#39;
                                                                  ^^^^^^
    
    SyntaxError: Unexpected token import
        at exports.runInThisContext (vm.js:53:16)
        at Module._compile (module.js:387:25)
        at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:422:10)
        at Module.load (module.js:357:32)
        at Function.Module._load (module.js:314:12)
        at Function.Module.runMain (module.js:447:10)
        at startup (node.js:139:18)
        at node.js:999:3


Node error: SyntaxError: Unexpected token import

After command `pip install mpl_toolkits` I receive next error:

&gt; Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement mpl_toolkits (from versions: )
&gt; 
&gt; No matching distribution found for mpl_toolkits

I tried to google, but nothing helps. How can I solve this?

python mpl_toolkits installation issue

After command <code>pip install mpl_toolkits</code> I receive next error:
> Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement mpl_toolkits (from versions: )
>
> No matching distribution found for mpl_toolkits
I tried to google, but nothing helps. How can I solve this?

What is the difference between &#39;SAME&#39; and &#39;VALID&#39; padding in `tf.nn.max_pool` of `tensorflow`?

In my opinion, &#39;VALID&#39; means there will be no zero padding outside the edges when we do max pool. 

According to [A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning][1], it says that there will be no padding in pool operator, i.e. just use &#39;VALID&#39; of `tensorflow`.
But what is &#39;SAME&#39; padding of max pool in `tensorflow`?


  [1]: https://arxiv.org/pdf/1603.07285v1.pdf

What is the difference between &#39;SAME&#39; and &#39;VALID&#39; padding in tf.nn.max_pool of tensorflow?

I have to merge two dataframes:

df1



    company,standard
    tata,A1
    cts,A2
    dell,A3


df2



    company,return
    tata,71
    dell,78
    cts,27
    hcl,23



I have to unify both dataframes to one dataframe. I need output like:


    company,standard,return
    tata,A1,71
    cts,A2,27
    dell,A3,78




how to merge two data frames based on particular column in pandas python?

As the AWS documentation suggests:

    import logging
    logger = logging.getLogger()
    logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)
    def my_logging_handler(event, context):
        logger.info(&#39;got event{}&#39;.format(event))
        logger.error(&#39;something went wrong&#39;)



Now I made:

    import logging
    logging.basicConfig(level = logging.INFO)
    logging.info(&quot;Hello World!&quot;)

The first snippet of code prints in the `Cloud Watch` console, but the second one no.

I didn&#39;t see any difference  as the two snippets are using the root logger.



Using python Logging with AWS Lambda

I have a text file saved on S3 which is a tab delimited table. I want to load it into pandas but cannot save it first because I am running on a heroku server. Here is what I have so far.

    import io
    import boto3
    import os
    import pandas as pd
    
    os.environ[&quot;AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID&quot;] = &quot;xxxxxxxx&quot;
    os.environ[&quot;AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY&quot;] = &quot;xxxxxxxx&quot;
    
    s3_client = boto3.client(&#39;s3&#39;)
    response = s3_client.get_object(Bucket=&quot;my_bucket&quot;,Key=&quot;filename.txt&quot;)
    file = response[&quot;Body&quot;]
    
    
    pd.read_csv(file, header=14, delimiter=&quot;\t&quot;, low_memory=False)

the error is

    OSError: Expected file path name or file-like object, got &lt;class &#39;bytes&#39;&gt; type

How do I convert the response body into a format pandas will accept?

    pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(file), header=14, delimiter=&quot;\t&quot;, low_memory=False)

    returns

    TypeError: initial_value must be str or None, not StreamingBody

    pd.read_csv(io.BytesIO(file), header=14, delimiter=&quot;\t&quot;, low_memory=False)

    returns

    TypeError: &#39;StreamingBody&#39; does not support the buffer interface


UPDATE - Using the following worked

    file = response[&quot;Body&quot;].read()

and 
    
    pd.read_csv(io.BytesIO(file), header=14, delimiter=&quot;\t&quot;, low_memory=False)


How to import a text file on AWS S3 into pandas without writing to disk

I would like to modify the cell values of a dataframe column (Age) where currently it is blank and I would only do it if another column (Survived) has the value 0  for the corresponding row where it is blank for Age. If it is 1 in the Survived column but blank in Age column then I will keep it as null. 

I tried to use `&amp;&amp;` operator but it didn&#39;t work. Here is my code:

&lt;!-- language: none --&gt;

    tdata.withColumn(&quot;Age&quot;,  when((tdata.Age == &quot;&quot; &amp;&amp; tdata.Survived == &quot;0&quot;), mean_age_0).otherwise(tdata.Age)).show()

Any suggestions how to handle that? Thanks.

Error Message:

    SyntaxError: invalid syntax
      File &quot;&lt;ipython-input-33-3e691784411c&gt;&quot;, line 1
        tdata.withColumn(&quot;Age&quot;,  when((tdata.Age == &quot;&quot; &amp;&amp; tdata.Survived == &quot;0&quot;), mean_age_0).otherwise(tdata.Age)).show()
                                                        ^

PySpark: multiple conditions in when clause

How can I specify the type hint of a variable as a *function type*? (See also: [PEP 483][1].)

    import typing
    
    def my_function(func: typing.Function):
        func()


  [1]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0483/#fundamental-building-blocks

How can I specify the function type in my type hints?

Given the following data frame:

    import pandas as pd
    import numpy as np
    df=pd.DataFrame({&#39;A&#39;:[&#39;A&#39;,&#39;A&#39;,&#39;A&#39;,&#39;B&#39;,&#39;B&#39;,&#39;B&#39;],
                    &#39;B&#39;:[&#39;a&#39;,&#39;a&#39;,&#39;b&#39;,&#39;a&#39;,&#39;a&#39;,&#39;a&#39;],
                    })
    df

     	A 	B
    0 	A 	a 
    1 	A 	a 
    2 	A 	b 
    3 	B 	a 
    4 	B 	a 
    5 	B 	a

I&#39;d like to create column &#39;C&#39;, which numbers the rows within each group in columns A and B like this:

     	A 	B   C
    0 	A 	a 	1
    1 	A 	a 	2
    2 	A 	b 	1
    3 	B 	a   1
    4 	B 	a   2
    5 	B 	a   3

I&#39;ve tried this so far:

    df[&#39;C&#39;]=df.groupby([&#39;A&#39;,&#39;B&#39;])[&#39;B&#39;].transform(&#39;rank&#39;)

...but it doesn&#39;t work!

Pandas number rows within group in increasing order

When you use ***[BeautifulSoup][1]*** to scrape a certain part of a website, you can use 

 - `soup.find()` and `soup.findAll()` or
 - `soup.select()`.

Is there a difference between the `.find()` and the `.select()` methods?
(e.g. In performance or flexibility, etc.) Or are they the same?


  [1]: https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/

Beautifulsoup : Difference between .find() and .select()

I recently reinstalled ubuntu and did upgrade to 16.04 and cannot use python:

    $ python manage.py runserver
    Could not find platform independent libraries &lt;prefix&gt;
    Could not find platform dependent libraries &lt;exec_prefix&gt;
    Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to &lt;prefix&gt;[:&lt;exec_prefix&gt;]
    Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
    ImportError: No module named &#39;encodings&#39;
    Aborted

At this point, python itself doesn&#39;t work

    $ python
    Could not find platform independent libraries &lt;prefix&gt;
    Could not find platform dependent libraries &lt;exec_prefix&gt;
    Consider setting $PYTHONHOME to &lt;prefix&gt;[:&lt;exec_prefix&gt;]
    Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: Unable to get the locale encoding
    ImportError: No module named &#39;encodings&#39;
    Aborted

Even this suggestion is no longer working:

    unset PYTHONHOME
    unset PYTHONPATH


Every every I fix it one way, it comes back again. Several answers help to fix it temporarily, but not for good. I have reinstalled python and python3 several times. What can I do from here?

ImportError: No module named &#39;encodings&#39;

I want to configure Pylint as an external tool in my entire project directory for a Python project that I&#39;m working on. I&#39;ve tried to use the repository as a module with ```__init__.py``` and without, and it&#39;s not working either way.

I&#39;m having difficulty setting up Pylint to run with PyCharm. I know that I should be running it as an external tool, however the settings confuse me.

The authoritative source on their documentation is broken, so I can&#39;t check that up either.



How to run Pylint with PyCharm

I am a ruby programmer trying to learn python. I am pretty familiar with pyenv since it is like a copy and paste from rbenv. Pyenv helps allow to have more than one version of python in a system and also to isolate the python without touching sensitive parts of system.

I suppose every python installation comes with pip package. What I still don&#39;t understand is, there are many good python libs out there that suggest to use this virtualenv and anaconda. I can even find a virtualenv plugin for pyenv. 

Now I am getting confused with the purpose of these two pyenv and virtualenv.
worse inside pyenv there is a virtualenv plugin.

My questions are:

 - what is the difference between pyenv and virtualenv?
 - Is there any difference in using  pip command inside both pyenv and virtualenv?
 - what does this pyenv virutalenv do?

Your explanation with example will be highly appreciated.



What is the difference between pyenv, virtualenv, anaconda?

When I try to uninstall `pandas` from my `conda` virtual env, I see that it tries to uninstall more packages as well:


    $ conda uninstall pandas
    Using Anaconda Cloud api site https://api.anaconda.org
    Fetching package metadata: ....
    Solving package specifications: .........
    
    Package plan for package removal in environment /Users/amelio/anaconda/envs/py35:
    
    The following packages will be downloaded:
    
        package                    |            build
        ---------------------------|-----------------
        dask-0.7.6                 |           py35_0         276 KB
    
    The following packages will be REMOVED:
    
        blaze:       0.10.1-py35_0
        odo:         0.5.0-py35_1
        pandas:      0.18.1-np111py35_0
        seaborn:     0.7.0-py35_0
        statsmodels: 0.6.1-np111py35_1
    
    The following packages will be DOWNGRADED:
    
        dask:        0.10.1-py35_0      --&gt; 0.7.6-py35_0
    
    Proceed ([y]/n)?

I would like to uninstall `pandas` **only** and not have anything else downgraded. 

I understand that there these packages have **dependencies** to `pandas` and even to **specific versions** of pandas, but is this even possible at all with `conda`?

## Partial motivation

My understanding is that it [isn&#39;t that easy][1] to install a package from GitHub using `conda`. At least it isn&#39;t as easy as using a one-liner as one can do with `pip`. 

Since I want to use the version in `master`, my plan is to uninstall the `conda` version and use `pip` to install `pandas` from master on the official repo GitHub.

How can I do this?

  [1]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19042389/conda-installing-upgrading-directly-from-github

Conda uninstall one package and one package only

I was following the tutorial to create an Alexa app using Python: 

[Python Alexa Tutorial][1]

I was able to successfully follow all the steps and get the app to work.I now want to modify the python code and use external libraries such as `import requests
` or any other libraries that I install using pip. How would I setup my lambda function to include any pip packages that I install locally on my machine? 


  [1]: https://developer.amazon.com/public/solutions/alexa/alexa-skills-kit/alexa-skill-tutorial

How do I add python libraries to an AWS lambda function for Alexa?

I&#39;m trying to install TensorFlow using pip:

 &lt;!-- language: lang-none --&gt;

    $ pip install tensorflow --user
    Collecting tensorflow
    Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement tensorflow (from versions: )
    No matching distribution found for tensorflow

What am I doing wrong? So far I&#39;ve used Python and pip with no issues.

TensorFlow not found using pip

I am using OSX and I have pip installed for both Python3.5 and Python2.7. I know I can run the command `pip2` to use Python2 and when I use the command `pip3` Python3.x will be used. 
The problem is that the default of `pip` is set to Python2.7 and I want it to be Python3.x.

How can I change that? 

edit:
No, I am not running a virtual environment yet. If it was a virtual environment I could just run Python3.x and forget all about Python2.7, unfortunately since OSX requires Python2.7 for it&#39;s use I can&#39;t do that. Hence why I&#39;m asking this.

Thanks for the answer. I however don&#39;t want to change what running `python` does. Instead I would like to change the path that running `pip` takes. At the moment `pip -V` shows me `pip 8.1.2 from /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)`, but I am looking for `pip 8.1.2 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.5/lib/python3.5/site-packages (python 3.5)` I am sure there has to be a way to do this. Any ideas?

Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	Vladyslav Nikolaiev	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	alecxe	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	Charlie Lutaud	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 3 - Python	Giulio Imperato	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 4 - Python	Jerry Sun	View Answer on Stackoverflow

python mpl_toolkits installation issue

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Solution

Solution 3 - Python

Solution 4 - Python

Node error: SyntaxError: Unexpected token import

Laravel Database Schema, Nullable Foreign

Attributions