Python function as a function argument?

Can a Python function be an argument of another function?

Say:

def myfunc(anotherfunc, extraArgs):
    # run anotherfunc and also pass the values from extraArgs to it
    pass

So this is basically two questions:

1. Is it allowed at all?
2. And if it is, how do I use the function inside the other function? Would I need to use exec(), eval() or something like that? Never needed to mess with them.

BTW, extraArgs is a list/tuple of anotherfunc's arguments.

> Can a Python function be an argument > of another function?

Yes.

def myfunc(anotherfunc, extraArgs):
    anotherfunc(*extraArgs)

To be more specific ... with various arguments ...

>>> def x(a,b):
...     print "param 1 %s param 2 %s"%(a,b)
...
>>> def y(z,t):
...     z(*t)
...
>>> y(x,("hello","manuel"))
param 1 hello param 2 manuel
>>>

Here's another way using *args (and also optionally), **kwargs:

def a(x, y):
  print x, y

def b(other, function, *args, **kwargs):
  function(*args, **kwargs)
  print other

b('world', a, 'hello', 'dude')

Output

hello dude
world

Note that function, *args, **kwargs have to be in that order and have to be the last arguments to the function calling the function.

Functions in Python are first-class objects. But your function definition http://docs.python.org/tutorial/controlflow.html#unpacking-argument-lists">is a bit off.

def myfunc(anotherfunc, extraArgs, extraKwArgs):
  return anotherfunc(*extraArgs, **extraKwArgs)

Sure, that is why python implements the following methods where the first parameter is a function:

• map(function, iterable, ...) - Apply function to every item of iterable and return a list of the results.
• filter(function, iterable) - Construct a list from those elements of iterable for which function returns true.
• reduce(function, iterable[,initializer]) - Apply function of two arguments cumulatively to the items of iterable, from left to right, so as to reduce the iterable to a single value.
• lambdas

Function inside function: we can use the function as parameter too..

In other words, we can say an output of a function is also a reference for an object, see below how the output of inner function is referencing to the outside function like below..

def out_func(a):

  def in_func(b):
       print(a + b + b + 3)
  return in_func

obj = out_func(1)
print(obj(5))

the result will be.. 14

Hope this helps.

1. Yes, it's allowed.
2. You use the function as you would any other: anotherfunc(*extraArgs)

1. Yes. By including the function call in your input argument/s, you can call two (or more) functions at once.

For example:

def anotherfunc(inputarg1, inputarg2):
    pass
def myfunc(func = anotherfunc):
    print func

When you call myfunc, you do this:

myfunc(anotherfunc(inputarg1, inputarg2))

This will print the return value of anotherfunc.

Hope this helps!

Decorators are very powerful in Python since it allows programmers to pass function as argument and can also define function inside another function.

def decorator(func):
      def insideFunction():
        print("This is inside function before execution")
        func()
      return insideFunction
  
def func():
    print("I am argument function")
  
func_obj = decorator(func) 
func_obj()

Output

• This is inside function before execution
• I am argument function

def x(a):
    print(a)
    return a

def y(a):
    return a

y(x(1))

def x(a):
    print(a)
    return a

def y(func_to_run, a):
    return func_to_run(a)

y(x, 1)

That I think would be a more proper sample. Now what I wonder is if there is a way to code the function to use within the argument submission to another function. I believe there is in C++, but in Python I am not sure.