    &gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;{0:0&gt;3}&quot;.format(1)
    &#39;001&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;{0:0&gt;3}&quot;.format(10)
    &#39;010&#39;
    &gt;&gt;&gt; &quot;{0:0&gt;3}&quot;.format(100)
    &#39;100&#39;

Explanation:

    {0 : 0 &gt; 3}
     │   │ │ │
     │   │ │ └─ Width of 3
     │   │ └─ Align Right
     │   └─ Fill with &#39;0&#39;
     └─ Element index

Derived from [Format examples, Nesting examples][1] in the Python docs:

    &gt;&gt;&gt; &#39;{0:0{width}}&#39;.format(5, width=3)
    &#39;005&#39;


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/string.html#format-examples

I have an `ArrayBuffer` which contains a string encoded using UTF-8 and I can&#39;t find a standard way of converting such `ArrayBuffer` into a JS `String` (which I understand is encoded using UTF-16).

I&#39;ve seen this code in numerous places, but I fail to see how it would work with any UTF-8 code points that are longer than 1 byte.

    return String.fromCharCode.apply(null, new Uint8Array(data));

Similarly, I can&#39;t find a standard way of converting from a `String` to a UTF-8 encoded `ArrayBuffer`.


Conversion between UTF-8 ArrayBuffer and String

**Updated for brevity**

How can I reference the $parents&#39; $parent in nested Knockout foreach / with bindings?

Example -

        &lt;!-- ko foreach: grandParent --&gt;
            &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;!-- ko foreach: $parent.parents --&gt; // &lt;-- Doesn&#39;t work
                    &lt;!-- ko foreach: children --&gt;
                        &lt;td data-bind=&quot;if: favToy().name == $parent.$parent.favToy().name&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;span data-bind=&quot;text: favToy().name&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;
                    &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;
                &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;
            &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;

**Original**

Sorry for the confusing question but I am trying to reach a second level parent&#39;s value to check against a value in the current context (like below) to only show a span if it matches a $parent&#39;s $parent&#39;s value (ugh!)

        &lt;!-- ko foreach: grandParent --&gt;
            &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;!-- ko foreach: $parent.parents --&gt;
                    &lt;!-- ko foreach: children --&gt;
                        &lt;td data-bind=&quot;if: favToy().name == $parent.$parent.favToy().name&quot;&gt;
                            &lt;span data-bind=&quot;text: favToy().name&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
                        &lt;/td&gt;
                    &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;
                &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;
            &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;

It would be easier to do it this way but from what I have read this is not possible or I am doing it wrong :) 

        &lt;!-- ko foreach: grandParent --&gt;
            &lt;tr&gt;
                &lt;!-- ko foreach: $parent.parents --&gt;
                    &lt;!-- ko foreach: children ? favToy().name == $parent.$parent.favToy().name --&gt;
                        &lt;td  data-bind=&quot;text: favToy().name&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
                    &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;
                &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;
            &lt;/tr&gt;
        &lt;!-- /ko --&gt;

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Access $parent&#39;s $parent in knockout view - nesting context

Can you display an integer value with leading zeroes using the [`str.format`][1] function?

**Example input:**

    &quot;{0:some_format_specifying_width_3}&quot;.format(1)
    &quot;{0:some_format_specifying_width_3}&quot;.format(10)
    &quot;{0:some_format_specifying_width_3}&quot;.format(100)

**Desired output:** 

    &quot;001&quot;
    &quot;010&quot;
    &quot;100&quot;


I know that both `zfill` and `%`-based formatting (e.g. `&#39;%03d&#39; % 5`) can accomplish this. However, I would like a solution that uses `str.format` in order to keep my code clean and consistent (I&#39;m also formatting the string with datetime attributes) and also to expand my knowledge of the [Format Specification Mini-Language][3].


  [1]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#str.format
  [2]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/string.html#deprecated-string-functions
  [3]: http://docs.python.org/2/library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language

Python add leading zeroes using str.format

Can you display an integer value with leading zeroes using the <a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/stdtypes.html#str.format" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><code>str.format</code></a> function?
Example input:
<pre><code class="hljs language-lua">"{0:some_format_specifying_width_3}".format(1)
"{0:some_format_specifying_width_3}".format(10)
"{0:some_format_specifying_width_3}".format(100)
</code></pre>
Desired output:
<pre><code class="hljs language-arduino">"001"
"010"
"100"
</code></pre>
I know that both <code>zfill</code> and <code>%</code>-based formatting (e.g. <code>'%03d' % 5</code>) can accomplish this. However, I would like a solution that uses <code>str.format</code> in order to keep my code clean and consistent (I'm also formatting the string with datetime attributes) and also to expand my knowledge of the <a href="http://docs.python.org/2/library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Format Specification Mini-Language</a>.

I am using django 1.4 and I have a many2many field, so when creating the admin site I wanted to add this field as an inline, here is some code:

    class SummaryInline(admin.TabularInline):
        model = ParserError.summaries.through


    class MyClassAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
        list_display = (&#39;classifier&#39;, &#39;name&#39;, &#39;err_count&#39;, &#39;supported&#39;)
        fields = (&#39;classifier&#39;, &#39;name&#39;, &#39;err_count&#39;, &#39;err_classifier&#39;, &#39;supported&#39;)
        inlines = (SummaryInline,)
        readonly_fields = (&#39;classifier&#39;, &#39;err_count&#39;)

So my question is, how can I make the inline field readonly?

How to add readonly inline on django admin

When I run `parsePlotSens.py -s bw hehe`, it says that `hehe` is an unrecognized argument. However, if I run `parsePlotSens.py hehe -s bw`, it&#39;s OK. Ideally, I would like it work for both cases. 

Any tips? The following is my code:

    if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39; :

        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog=&#39;parsePlotSens&#39;);
        parser.add_argument(&#39;-s&#39;, &#39;--sort&#39;, nargs =1, action = &#39;store&#39;, choices = [&#39;mcs&#39;, &#39;bw&#39;], default=&#39;mcs&#39;, help=sorthelp)
        parser.add_argument(&#39;filename&#39;, nargs =&#39;+&#39;, action = &#39;store&#39;)
        option = parser.parse_args(sys.argv)

python argparse: unrecognized arguments

I am having trouble with using a key binding to change the value of a label or any parameter.
This is my code:

    from tkinter import*

    class MyGUI:
      def __init__(self):
        self.__mainWindow = Tk()
        #self.fram1 = Frame(self.__mainWindow)
        self.labelText = &#39;Enter amount to deposit&#39;
        self.depositLabel = Label(self.__mainWindow, text = self.labelText)
        self.depositEntry = Entry(self.__mainWindow, width = 10)
        self.depositEntry.bind(&#39;&lt;Return&gt;&#39;, self.depositCallBack)
        self.depositLabel.pack()
        self.depositEntry.pack()
            
        mainloop()
        
      def depositCallBack(self,event):
        self.labelText = &#39;change the value&#39;
        print(self.labelText)
        
    myGUI = MyGUI()

When I run this, I click the entrybox and hit enter, hoping that the label will change value to &#39;change the value&#39;. However, while it does print that text, the label remains unchanged.

From looking at other questions on similar problems and issues, I have figured how to work with some of this outside a class, but I&#39;m having some difficulties with doing it inside a class.

Also, on a side note, what role does &quot;master&quot; play in tkinter?

Changing the text on a label

What&#39;s all this fuss about Python and CPython *(Jython,IronPython)*, I don&#39;t get it:

[python.org][1] mentions that CPython is:

&gt; *The &quot;traditional&quot; implementation of Python (nicknamed CPython)*

[yet another Stack Overflow question][2] mentions that:

&gt; *CPython is the default byte-code interpreter of Python, which is written in C.*

Honestly I don&#39;t get what both of those explanations practically mean but what I thought was that, *if I use CPython does that mean when I run a sample python code, it compiles it to C language and then executes it as if it were C code*

**So what exactly is CPython and how does it differ when compared with python and should I probably use CPython over Python and if so what are its advantages?**


  [1]: http://www.python.org/
  [2]: https://stackoverflow.com/a/2324217/2425215

Python vs Cpython

I was reading [PEP&amp;nbsp;8][1] ([style guide][2]), and I noticed that it suggested to use *self* as the first argument in an instance method, but *cls* as the first argument in a class method.

I&#39;ve used and written a few classes, but I&#39;ve never encountered a class method (well, a method which passes *cls* as a parameter). What are some examples?

  [1]: https://pep8.org/
  [2]: http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/




Difference between class and instance methods

How do I search and replace text in a file using Python 3?

Here is my code:

    import os
    import sys
    import fileinput

    print (&quot;Text to search for:&quot;)
    textToSearch = input( &quot;&gt; &quot; )

    print (&quot;Text to replace it with:&quot;)
    textToReplace = input( &quot;&gt; &quot; )

    print (&quot;File to perform Search-Replace on:&quot;)
    fileToSearch  = input( &quot;&gt; &quot; )
    #fileToSearch = &#39;D:\dummy1.txt&#39;

    tempFile = open( fileToSearch, &#39;r+&#39; )

    for line in fileinput.input( fileToSearch ):
        if textToSearch in line :
            print(&#39;Match Found&#39;)
        else:
            print(&#39;Match Not Found!!&#39;)
        tempFile.write( line.replace( textToSearch, textToReplace ) )
    tempFile.close()


    input( &#39;\n\n Press Enter to exit...&#39; )

Input file:
```none
hi this is abcd hi this is abcd
This is dummy text file.
This is how search and replace works abcd
```
When I search and replace &#39;ram&#39; by &#39;abcd&#39; in above input file, it works as a charm. But when I do it vice-versa i.e. replacing &#39;abcd&#39; by &#39;ram&#39;, some junk characters are left at the end.

Replacing &#39;abcd&#39; by &#39;ram&#39;
```none
hi this is ram hi this is ram
This is dummy text file.
This is how search and replace works rambcd
```


How to search and replace text in a file?

I am using python to work out how many children would be born in 5 years if a child was born every 7 seconds. The problem is on my last line. How do I get a variable to work when I&#39;m printing text either side of it? 

Here is my code:

    currentPop = 312032486
    oneYear = 365
    hours = 24
    minutes = 60
    seconds = 60
    
    # seconds in a single day
    secondsInDay = hours * minutes * seconds
    
    # seconds in a year
    secondsInYear = secondsInDay * oneYear
    
    fiveYears = secondsInYear * 5
    
    #Seconds in 5 years
    print fiveYears
    
    # fiveYears in seconds, divided by 7 seconds
    births = fiveYears // 7
    
    print &quot;If there was a birth every 7 seconds, there would be: &quot; births &quot;births&quot;

How can I print variable and string on same line in Python?

Say we have 5 string arrays as such:
    
    string[] a = {&quot;The&quot;,&quot;Big&quot;, &quot;Ant&quot;};
    string[] b = {&quot;Big&quot;,&quot;Ant&quot;,&quot;Ran&quot;};
    string[] c = {&quot;The&quot;,&quot;Big&quot;,&quot;Ant&quot;};
    string[] d = {&quot;No&quot;,&quot;Ants&quot;,&quot;Here&quot;};
    string[] e = {&quot;The&quot;, &quot;Big&quot;, &quot;Ant&quot;, &quot;Ran&quot;, &quot;Too&quot;, &quot;Far&quot;};

Is there a method to compare these strings to each other without looping through them in C# such that only a and c would yield the boolean true? In other words, all elements must be equal and the array must be the same size? Again, without using a loop if possible.


Comparing two string arrays in C#

Let&#39;s say I have:

    action = &#39;{bond}, {james} {bond}&#39;.format(bond=&#39;bond&#39;, james=&#39;james&#39;)

this wil output:

    &#39;bond, james bond&#39; 


Next we have:

     action = &#39;{bond}, {james} {bond}&#39;.format(bond=&#39;bond&#39;)

this will output:

    KeyError: &#39;james&#39;


Is there some workaround to prevent this error to happen, something like:

- if keyrror: ignore, leave it alone (but do parse others)
- compare format string with available named arguments, if missing then add


Format string unused named arguments

Suppose I have a dataframe with columns `a`, `b` and `c`, I want to sort the dataframe by column `b` in ascending order, and by column `c` in descending order, how do I do this?

How to sort a dataFrame in python pandas by two or more columns?

I was playing around in python. I used the following code in IDLE:

    p  = [1, 2]
    p[1:1] = [p]
    print p

The output was: 

    [1, [...], 2]

What is this `[…]`? Interestingly I could now use this as a list of list of list up to infinity i.e.

    p[1][1][1]....

I could write the above as long as I wanted and it would  still work.

EDIT:

 - How is it represented in memory?
 - What&#39;s its use? Examples of some cases where it is useful would be helpful.
 - Any link to official documentation would be really useful.


What do ellipsis [...] mean in a list?

In Python, could I simply ++ a char? What is an efficient way of doing this?

I want to iterate through URLs that have the www.website.com/term/#, www.website.com/term/a, www.website.com/term/b, www.website.com/term/c, www.website.com/term/d ... www.website.com/term/z format.

How do I iterate through the alphabet?

I am new to Python, and I have a question about how to use Python to read and write CSV files. My file contains like Germany, French, etc. According to my code, the files can be read correctly in Python, but when I write it into a new CSV file, the unicode becomes some strange characters.

The data is like:  
![enter image description here][1]

And my code is:

    import csv
    
    f=open(&#39;xxx.csv&#39;,&#39;rb&#39;)
    reader=csv.reader(f)
    
    wt=open(&#39;lll.csv&#39;,&#39;wb&#39;)
    writer=csv.writer(wt,quoting=csv.QUOTE_ALL)
    
    wt.close()
    f.close()

And the result is like:  
![enter image description here][2]

What should I do to solve the problem?


  [1]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/CNxL7.png
  [2]: http://i.stack.imgur.com/B5jRq.png

Read and Write CSV files including unicode with Python 2.7

I&#39;m learning python, and I have a novice question about initializing sets.  Through testing, I&#39;ve discovered that a set can be initialized like so:

    my_set = {&#39;foo&#39;, &#39;bar&#39;, &#39;baz&#39;}

Are there any disadvantages of doing it this way, as opposed to the standard way of:

    my_set = set([&#39;foo&#39;, &#39;bar&#39;, &#39;baz&#39;])

or is it just a question of style?

Use curly braces to initialize a Set in Python

**Case 1:**

    &quot;{arg1} {arg2}&quot;.format(10, 20)
It will give `KeyError: &#39;arg1&#39;` because I didn&#39;t pass the named arguments.

**Case 2:**

    &quot;{arg1} {arg2}&quot;.format(arg1=10, arg2=20)
Now it will work properly because I passed the named arguments.
And it prints `&#39;10 20&#39;`

**Case 3:**

And, If I pass wrong name it will show `KeyError: &#39;arg1&#39;`

    &quot;{arg1} {arg2}&quot;.format(wrong=10, arg2=20)
But,

**Case 4:**

If I pass the named arguments in **wrong order**

    &quot;{arg1} {arg2}&quot;.format(arg2=10, arg1=20)
*It works...*

and it prints `&#39;20 10&#39;`

My question is why does it work and what&#39;s the use of **named arguments** in this case.

format strings and named arguments in Python

I am writing a WPF program and I am trying to figure out a way to format data in a TextBox through some repeatable method like a style or template. I have a lot of TextBoxes (95 to be exact) and each one is bound to its own numeric data which can each have their own resolution defined. For example if the data is 99.123 with a resolution of 2 then it should display 99.12. Similarly a data value of 99 and resolution 3 should be displayed as 99.000 (not 99). Is there a way to do this?

**Edit:**
I should clarify, there are 95 TextBoxes on the current screen I&#39;m working on, but I want every TextBox throughout the various screens in my program to display the correct number of decimal places. Now that I think about it, some of these are TextBoxes (like the screen I&#39;m working on now) and some are DataGrids or ListViews, but if I can figure out how to get it working for TextBoxes I&#39;m sure I can figure it out for the other controls as well.

There&#39;s not much code to share in this case but I&#39;ll attempt to make it clearer:

I have a View Model which contains the following properties (vb.net):

        Public ReadOnly Property Resolution As Integer
            Get
                Return _signal.DisplayResolution
            End Get
        End Property

        Public ReadOnly Property Value As Single
            Get
                Return Math.Round(_signal.DisplayValue, Resolution)
            End Get
        End Property

and in the XAML I have:


    &lt;UserControl.Resources&gt;
        &lt;vm:SignalViewModel x:Key=&quot;Signal&quot; SignalPath=&quot;SomeSignal&quot;/&gt;
    &lt;/UserControl.Resources&gt;
    &lt;TextBox Grid.Column=&quot;3&quot; IsEnabled=&quot;False&quot; Text=&quot;{Binding Path=Value, Source={StaticResource Signal}, Mode=OneWay}&quot; /&gt;



**EDIT2 (my solution):**
It turns out that after walking away from the computer for a while, I came back to find a simple answer that was staring me in the face. Format the data in the view model!

        Public ReadOnly Property Value As String
            Get
                Return (Strings.FormatNumber(Math.Round(_signal.DisplayValue, _signal.DisplayResolution), _signal.DisplayResolution))
            End Get
        End Property

How to format number of decimal places in wpf using style/template?

I have a WPF 4 application that contains a TextBlock which has a one-way binding to an integer value (in this case, a temperature in degrees Celsius).  The XAML looks like this:

    &lt;TextBlock x:Name=&quot;textBlockTemperature&quot;&gt;
            &lt;Run Text=&quot;{Binding CelsiusTemp, Mode=OneWay}&quot;/&gt;&lt;/TextBlock&gt;

This works fine for displaying the actual temperature value but I&#39;d like to format this value so it includes &#176;C instead of just the number (30&#176;C instead of just 30).  I&#39;ve been reading about StringFormat and I&#39;ve seen several generic examples like this:

    // format the bound value as a currency
    &lt;TextBlock Text=&quot;{Binding Amount, StringFormat={}{0:C}}&quot; /&gt;

and

    // preface the bound value with a string and format it as a currency
    &lt;TextBlock Text=&quot;{Binding Amount, StringFormat=Amount: {0:C}}&quot;/&gt;

Unfortunately, none of the examples I&#39;ve seen have appended a string to the bound value as I&#39;m trying to do.  I&#39;m sure it&#39;s got to be something simple but I&#39;m not having any luck finding it.  Can anyone explain to me how to do that?

Use StringFormat to add a string to a WPF XAML binding

`String.Format` does not work in `TypeScript`.  
Error:

&gt;     The property &#39;format&#39; does not exist on value of type 
&gt;      &#39;{ prototype: String; fromCharCode(...codes: number[]): string; 
&gt;      (value?: any): string; new(value?: any): String; }&#39;.

--------------------------
	
    attributes[&quot;Title&quot;] = String.format(
        Settings.labelKeyValuePhraseCollection[&quot;[WAIT DAYS]&quot;],
        originalAttributes.Days
    );



Content Type	Original Author	Original Content on Stackoverflow
Question	butch	View Question on Stackoverflow
Solution 1 - Python	Andrew Clark	View Answer on Stackoverflow
Solution 2 - Python	msw	View Answer on Stackoverflow

Python add leading zeroes using str.format

Python Problem Overview

Python Solutions

Solution 1 - Python

Solution 2 - Python

Access $parent's $parent in knockout view - nesting context

Conversion between UTF-8 ArrayBuffer and String

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